WorksheetsIB Psych 2 - Final Review
Total questions: 90
Worksheet time: 52mins
How many components does the Multi-store model of memory contain?
1
2
3
4
What action is necessary to transfer information from the short-term memory to the long-term memory?
Attention
Rehearsal
Retrieval
Chunking
Which of the following points is NOT a valid criticism of the multi-store model?
It isn't supported by any scientific evidence.
It wrongly emphasizes structure over process.
It argues that memory works in a linear direction.
It over emphasizes the importance of rehearsal.
Which of the following components is the odd one out?
Central Executive
Sensory Store
Phonological Loop
Episodic Buffer
Baddeley, Thompson and Buchannan (1975) demonstrated which effect to support the working memory model?
Word Length Effect
Primacy Effect
Recency Effect
Phonological Similarity Effect
Which definition best describes the term 'Schema'?
A process of memory involving the transfer of information to internal mental structures.
A reflection of an object or an event in the mind.
A sequence of actions or events.
A mental representation that influences our knowledge, beliefs and expectations.
In the Bransford and Johnson (1972) schema study, which condition had the highest number of ideas correctly recalled?
No context
Context before
Context after
Partial context
Which of the following statements best describes Albert Bandura’s concept of self-efficacy?
I am the best at everything
I can do whatever I set my mind to do
My future is bright
I am my own boss
Which of the following statements does not belong to System 2 of the Dual Process Model of thinking and decision making?
Abstract
Conscious reasoning
Slow and requiring effort
Not logic based and prone to error
Which of the following statements is a genuine strength of the dual process model of thinking and decision making?
There is biological evidence
It provides a holistic explanation
It provides a very clear explanation
It has very low levels of culture bias
In the Bransford and Johnson (1972) schema study, which condition had the highest number of ideas correctly recalled?
No context
Context before
Context after
Partial context
Localization of Function refers to the idea that...
We only use 10% of our brain.
Our brains are always changing and developing throughout our lives.
Different parts of the brain are responsible for different behaviors.
Our brains learn by forming neural connections that are strengthen through repeated use.
Myelination is the process where...
Fat builds around neural pathways to speed them up when they are used repeatedly.
When neural networks are eliminated because they are not used.
New neurons are developed in the brain.
a person has lost the functioning of one part of their brain.
A MRI scan allows neuroscientists to see...
The activity within the brain.
The structure of the brain.
The individual neurons in the brain.
The electrical pulses in the brain.
Dopamine is a chemical in the brain that is most closely related to what behavior in the teenagers?
Forming Social Bonds
Pruning Memories
Sleeping
Reward Seeking Behavior
Cortisol is a hormone in the body most closely related with which behavior?
Forming Social Bonds
Stress Reactions
Sleep
Reward Seeking Behavior
The part of the brain associated with the formation of Memories.
Frontal Lobe
Amygdala
Striatum
Hippocampus
The part of the brain associated with Decision Making and Social Judgments
Frontal Lobe
Amygdala
Striatum
Hippocampus
The part of the brain associated with STRESS
Frontal Lobe
Amygdala
Striatum
Hippocampus
When Neural Networks are not used they are removed through the process of...
Brain plasticity
Neurogenesis
Erasing
Pruning
Brain Plasticity refers to the process of...
Removing neural connections that are not used.
The formation of new neural networks.
The birth of new Neurons
Calming Your Brain.
An fMRI scan allows psychologists to see...
Brain activity when performing tasks
Only the structure of the brain
How Neurons are connected to one another
What percentage of participants regularly conformed in Asch's line experiment?
16%
26%
36%
46%
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism for the creation of your social identity, according to Tajfel (1979)?
Social influence
Social categorisation
Social comparison
Using group membership as a source of self-esteem
Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the learning of behaviour in Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura)?
Attention
Retention
Motivation
Repetition
Which of the following are the correct three components of the Reciprocal Determinism Model?
Personal factors, social environment, behaviour
Biological factors, social environment, behaviour
Personal factors, biological factors, behaviour
Personal factors, social environment, biological factors
"A social perception of an individual in terms of group membership or physical attributes" is a definition of which term?
Self-efficacy
Social cognitions
Schemas
Stereotypes
Which of the following is the correct definition of the term 'illusory correlation"?
A generalisation that is made about a group and then attributed to members of that group.
People tend to overlook information that contradicts what they already believe.
People see a relationship between two variables even when there is none.
A form of social categorisation that affects the behaviour of those who hold a stereotype.
What are the two main effects that stereotypes have on behaviour?
Social anxiety and social confusion
Stereotype threat and social anxiety
Social anxiety and memory distortion
Stereotype threat and memory distortion
"Drawing on the notion of universal properties of cultures, which share common perceptual, cognitive, and emotional structures" is a definition of which key term?
Emic Approach
Etic Approach
Ethnocentrism
Universality
Which one of the following was not one of Hofstede's original four cultural dimensions?
Individualism vs collectivism
Uncertainty avoidance
Indulgence vs self-constraint
Power distance
Berry and Katz (1967) investigated the effects of individualism and collectivism on which behaviour?
Conformity
Volunteering
Aggression
Social withdrawal
Who investigated cultural variations in the correlates of flashbulb memories?
Chiu (1972)
Kearins (1981)
Cole and Scribner (1974)
Kulkofsky et al (2011)
According to Berry's acculturation model, which behaviour is the result of acceptance of a new culture and the rejection of your original culture?
Integration
Separation
Assimilation
Marginalisation
The process of adopting or internalizing the schemas of your culture is called...
Enculturation
Acculturation
Who developed the levels of processing theory of memory?
Atkinson and Shriffrin
Baddeley and Hitch
Craik & Lockhart
Peterson and Peterson
Brewer and Treyens
Name one cognitive process other than thinking.
(a)
Which of these is a “cultural dimension"?
etic/emic
individualism/collectivism
nature/nurture
holistic/reductionist
enculturation/acculturation
An in-depth investigation of an individual, small group or organization is known as a...
(a)
An experiment where the researcher manipulates the independent variable in a natural setting and measures the effect on a dependent variable is called a...
(a)
Bandura’s SCT is a theory that explains how we learn through observation. What does SCT stand for?
(a)
Tajfel and Turner’s SIT is a theory that explains why groups have conflict with each other. What does SIT stand for?
(a)
What are the 3 approaches the IB Psychology course uses to understand human behavior?
behavioral
cognitive
biological
evolutionary
sociocultural
What is an appropriate explanation for why the children in Bandura’s 1961 study did not imitate the behaviour of the female model when she was bashing the Bobo?
She reminded them of their mothers.
The women only engaged in verbal aggression and most of the children were too young to understand.
The children were afraid of her.
Her behaviour was not seen as consistent with women's behaviour.
Which of the following best describes the study done on the island of St Helena?
A true experiment
A quasi-experiment
A natural experiment
A field experiment
What is meant by vicarious reinforcement?
When we get positive feedback and therefore continue a behaviour.
When we get negative feedback and therefore stop a behaviour.
When we are exposed to something over time and learn through repetition.
When we see someone else get positive feedback and therefore imitate the behaviour.
Which of the following is not a factor in social cognitive learning theory?
Being able to remember the actions of the model.
Paying attention to a model.
Having a motivation to replicate the behaviour.
The model must be a member of the learner's in-group.
Social identity theory was proposed by...
Atkinson and Shiffrin
Baddeley and Hitch
Rosenzweig and Bennet
Tajfel and Turner
According to Berry's acculturation model, which behaviour is the result of acceptance of a new culture and the rejection of your original culture?
Integration
Separation
Assimilation
Marginalisation
Berry and Katz (1967) investigated the effects of individualism and collectivism on which behaviour?
Conformity
Volunteering
Aggression
Social withdrawal
What are the two main effects that stereotypes have on behaviour?
Social anxiety and social confusion
Stereotype threat and social anxiety
Social anxiety and memory distortion
Stereotype threat and memory distortion
"A social perception of an individual in terms of group membership or physical attributes" is a definition of which term?
Self-efficacy
Social cognitions
Schemas
Stereotypes
The first thing you judge influences your judgment of all that follows.
Anchoring bias
Negative bias
Focusing effect bias
Confirmation bias
You favor things that confirm your existing beliefs.
Anchoring bias
Negative Bias
Focusing Effect Bias
Confirmation bias
Cognitive bias is...
Errors in our thinking when trying to learn, interpret and process new information
Completely avoidable if you pick the right sources
Something others have but you don't
A tool we use to make sure we are always thinking correctly about new information
Searching "Why was Satchel Paige the greatest baseball player of all time?" is an example of:
Confirmation Bias
Anchoring bias
Focusing effect bias
Negative bias
When you cling to previously learned information, despite new information or nuance, you are practicing...
Anchoring Bias
Negative Bias
Focusing effect bias
Confirmation Bias
What is a good way to combat confirmation bias?
Not believing something just because it's popular
eing open to information that suggests you may have made the wrong choice
Reading information that disproves what you believe.
Digging into statistics about the frequency a topic or event happens
Each of the following statements is an example of confirmation bias EXCEPT...
Interpreting information to support your existing beliefs
Only remembering details that uphold your beliefs
Ignoring information that challenges your beliefs
Seeking information that challenges your beliefs
You are doing research on a new electric car that you are interested in buying. You only visit the car company’s website and an online message board of electric car enthusiasts to do your research. This strategy may lead to …
Confirmation Bias
Negative bias
Focusing effect bias
Anchoring bias
A rise in income has only a small and transient effect on happiness and well-being, but people consistently overestimate this effect. What bias is this related to?
Negative bias
Anchoring bias
Focusing effect bias
Confirmation bias
Roger finds a stock that he is interested in buying. Which of the following behaviors demonstrates his
overconfidence bias?
Roger seeks out sources that contradict his decision to buy the stock
Roger decides not to purchase the stock because it is not worth the risk
Roger invests the majority of his available money into buying shares of this stock
Roger waits 2 to 3 days before buying the stock
Match the following Bias Type to the Example
Confirmation Bias
Latest news on a major event... "That's not what I heard..."
Hindsight Bias
"I knew that their relationship was not going to work out..."
Fundamental-Attribution Error
The "lazy" person arrives late to class "Of course they're late..."
Halo Effect
"That celebrity is so nice, didn't you see their new Instagram pic?"
Match the following Bias Type to the Example
Dunning-Kruger Effect
"I scored a 35 on the ACT so I actually know..."
Bandwagon Effect
"You don't have TikTok? Ew..."
Loss Aversion
"This sale is going to end soon! I need to get..."
Outcome Bias
"That doctor is a genius for having that experimental procedure work..."
Match the following Bias Type to the Example
Survivorship Bias
"Elon Musk dropped out of college, I should too!"
Self-Serving Bias
Did not do well on pop quiz... "I suck at math"
Anchoring Bias
"The Premiere package just seems better than the standard one..."
Availability Heuristic
"You're going? Wasn't there a theft recently? Is it safe?"
Why is it important to cover bias? Select ALL that apply!
It is an education standard
It helps us to prep for our Exploratory Projects and Research
It can assist in making us aware of bias within the world around us
"Biases can be reduced through the very process of discussing them and recognizing them for what they are"
What was the dependent variable?
Choose the type of experiment that has the highest ecological validity.
Laboratory experiment
Field experiment
Natural experiment
A carefully worded statement of the exact procedures used in a research experiment is known as
replication
operational definition
hypothesis
standardization
The names of the participants in a research experiment must be kept secret is an ethical guideline known as
Debriefing
Free from harm
Informed Consent
Confidentiality
Choose the type of experiment that has the highest reliability.
Laboratory experiment
Field experiment
Natural experiment
The ethical guideline for research in which participants must agree to be a part of the study is known as
Informed consent
Confidentiality
Free from harm
Debriefing
A researcher wants to find out if talking on a hands-free mobile phone affects one's driving ability. Participants were asked to take a driving test in a driving simulator that monitored their mistakes. In one condition, the participants were asked simply to take the driving test. In the second condition, the participants were asked to dial up a friend and to have a conversation while taking the driving test. Half the group did the first condition and half the group did the second condition. Then both groups took a one-hour break before taking the test again - but in the other condition. What is the best description of the design of this study?
A longitudinal case study
A counterbalanced independent samples design
A counterbalanced repeated measures design
A counterbalanced matched pairs design
Which of the following is not true of a repeated measures design?
Fewer participants are needed than for an independent samples design.
Participants are less likely to show demand characteristics than in an independent samples design.
Participant variables are controlled.
Participants are more likely to show order effects - such as improvement of a skill through practice - than in an independent samples design.
Independent measures designs have the problem of participant variability. What does this mean?
Participants are not the same as the general population and the results cannot be generalized.
Participants drop out of the study because of boredom.
Participants have different levels of skill, so some understand the directions better than others.
Differences in the traits and past experiences of the participants in each condition may affect the results of the study.
What are observations made using our five senses called?
Qualitative data
Quantitative data
____________refers to the extent to which the !findings can move from one context to another. This is a similar concept to generalizability as the “context” may refer to a setting or participants outside the original study.
credibility
generalizability
triangulation
transferability
Which of the following is not a SAQ command term?
Outline
Describe
Evaluate
Explain
Which of the following is not an essay command term?
To what extent
Suggest
Evaluate
Discuss
How many hours is Paper One (SL & HL)?
One
Two
Three
Four
How many SAQs do you write in Paper One?
One
Two
Three
Four
How many essays do you write in Paper One?
One
Two
Three
Four
True or False: Paper One questions are identical for SL & HL.
False - the SAQs are different.
False - at least one essay question for HL is on extensions
False - there are no SAQs for SL
True
How many SAQs do you write in Paper Two?
None
One
Two
Three
How many essays do you write in Paper Two? (SL - HL)
None SL, One HL
One SL, Two HL
Two, SL, Three HL
Three SL, Four HL
Each option has three "topics." You must revise ALL three topics. True or False?
True
False
Each option has three "topics." There is one question per topic. True or False?
True
False - there is two per topic (six in total for each option)
False - there might be all three questions one from topic
Psychology is the...
...study of the brain.
...da bomb!
...scientific study of individual human behaviour and cognition.
...study of groups of people.
