A process where major decisions are made at the centre or core of the organisation and then passed down the chain of command 

The willingness of any member of staff to take credit or blame for their actions. 

The power or right to give orders and make decisions.

The number of subordinates who report directly to a manager 

A formal system of task and reporting relationships that coordinates and motivates organisational members so they work together to achieve organisational goals.

The line of authority that moves from the top of a hierarchy to the lowest level 

A unique area or section within an organisation specifically designed to perform a specific task.  

A formal or traditional structure where the organisational chart has many layers of authority. 

An organisational structure with a wide span of control and few levels of hierarchy (a short chain of command). 

An organizational structure that facilitates the horizontal flow of skills and information. It is used mainly in the management of large projects or product development processes, drawing employees from different functional disciplines for assignment to a team without removing them from their respective position. 

An organizational structure that facilitates the horizontal flow of skills and information. It is used mainly in the management of large projects or product development processes, drawing employees from different functional disciplines for assignment to a team without removing them from their respective position. 

A common type of organisational structure in which the organisation is divided into smaller groups based on specialised functional areas, such as marketing, production, finance, IT and others. 

The department of a business which is responsible for generating revenue by selling products or services to customers. 

The department of a business which is responsible for manufacturing goods or producing services by establishing production processes, quality control measures, and the efficient utilisation of resources to meet customer demands. 

The department of a business which is responsible for acquiring goods and services for the business. 

The department of a business which is responsible for providing support to other functional areas by managing various tasks. 

The department of a business which is responsible for the interaction between a business and its customers before, during, and after a purchase. 

The senior members of staff who have been elected by shareholders of a company to run the company on their behalf 

A manager whose main job is to direct the work of employees.

he managers who run the company on a day to day basis.

The department of a business which is responsible for promoting and selling products or services. 

The department of a business which is responsible for managing an organisation's employees.

The department of a business which is responsible for ensuring products reach customers efficiently. 

The department of a business which is responsible for innovation and staying competitive in the market by creating new products, improving existing products, conducting market research, and analysing customer needs to drive business growth.