This Tudor “New Monarch” created the Church of England.

Also known as “Bloody Mary,” she reimposed Catholicism in England.

This Tudor Monarch imposed Calvinism on England during his short reign.

This Tudor Monarch defeated the Spanish Armada and established religious tolerance in England.

This Stuart Monarch dissolved Parliament twice and was ultimately beheaded during the English Civil War.

This Stuart Monarch claimed divine right.

This Lord Protector of England established a Puritan Dictatorship during the English Civil War.

This Stuart monarch was restored to the throne and acknowledged Parliament’s sovereignty.

This Stuart monarch was forced to abdicate the throne.

These joint sovereigns were the first Constitutional Monarchs in England.

This final Stuart monarch was in power during the Act of Union, which created Great Britain.

This Hanover monarch was King during the American Revolution.

This British monarch oversaw much of the expansion of the empire and British reforms during the 1800s.

This Tory politician and British Prime Minister helped expand voting rights and guarantee reforms for the working class.

This Whig politician stood against imperialism and was in favor of the expansion of reforms.

This former Minister of Finance was the first liberal Prime Minister in Great Britain.

This British Prime Minister vowed to never surrender in World War II.

This British Prime Minister was a member of the Labor Party and worked to expand social welfare.

This was first female British prime minister.

This Valois monarch was known as the Spider King and put down a rebellion in Burgundy after the Hundred Years War.

This Valois New Monarch passed the Concordat of Bologna, giving him the power to choose bishops in the Catholic Church.

This French Queen regent carried out the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre.

This French Bourbon monarch and politique passed the Edict of Nantes.

This French Bourbon monarch was the quintessential absolute monarch.

This Minister of France and politique aided the Protestants in the 30 Years War.

This Minister of France put down the Fronde.

This French King was put to death in the French Revolution.

This French Queen was put to death in the French Revolution.

This French Jacobin and his Committee of Public Safety led during the Reign of Terror.

This French leader rose to prominence in the military, but ultimately caused economic turmoil in France due to his failed war in Spain, Invasion of Russia, and Continental System.

This French Bourbon king was placed on the throne after Napoleon’s defeat and exile.

This Bourgeois king was placed on the throne during the 1830 revolution in France.

This king turned emperor was elected President of France in 1848.

This French President was one of the Big Four at the Paris Peace Talks after WWI.

This military leader of the Free French in WWII turned president was ousted from office in 1968.

These Spanish Monarchs carried out the Spanish Inquisition in 1492.

This Spanish Monarch and Defender of the Faith sent his Armada to attack England in 1588.

This Spanish Hapsburg gave the empire to the Bourbons, sparking the War of Spanish Succession.

Napoleon Bonaparte made this man king of Spain, which led to the Peninsular War.

This Fascist Dictator of Spain came into power during the Spanish Civil War

This man ruled Florence during part of the Renaissance.

This was the first King of a unified Italy.

This Italian Prime Minister and realpolitik helped to unify Italy.

This Fascist leader of Italy came into power after WWI.

This Holy Roman Emperor took a stance against Protestantism, but ultimately passed the Peace of Augsburg.

This Soldier King of Prussia expanded the military, education, and religious tolerance.

1. This Enlightened Prussian King fought the Austrians in the War of Austrian Succession and Seven Years War.

This Prussian king rejected the crown of a unified Germany in 1848.

This Prussian King sparked the movement for a unified Germany.

This Prussian/German chancellor used “Blood and Iron” to unify Germany.

This German King gave the Austrians a “blank check,” helping spark WWI.

This German Field Marshal was made President of the Weimar Republic after WWI.

This Fascist German leader ignored the Treaty of Versailles as he grew the German Empire leading up to WWII.

This Austrian Hapsburg leader passed the Pragmatic Sanction to ensure his empire remained intact and passed to his daughter.

This Austrian Enlightened despot passed numerous reforms and ultimately ignored Austria’s military and borders.

This Austrian Enlightened despot assumed the throne via the Pragmatic Sanction and passed some reforms for her people.

This man’s assassination sparked World War I.

This Enlightened Despot’s policies largely only benefited the nobility.

This Russian leader’s goal was westernization and was realized when he won his warm water port from Sweden.

This Russian czar ended serfdom with the Emancipation Act in 1861.

This Russian czar stressed Autocracy, Orthodoxy, and Russification.

This Russian czar violently put down the Decembrist Revolt in 1825.

This Russian czar lost the Russo-Japanese War and led his country into more turmoil during WWI.

This Russian communist led the Communist Revolution in late 1917 and eventually took over the government.

This Communist dictator in Russia invaded Poland with Germany and refused free elections in Europe at Potsdam in 1945.

This Russian leader was a reason for the Cuban Missile Crisis and construction of the Berlin Wall.

This Russian leader’s doctrine enforced communism across the Eastern bloc.

This Russian leader’s policies of glasnost and perestroika helped put an end to the Cold War.

This Swedish King helped the Protestants during the Thirty Years War.

This Belgian King ruled the Belgian Congo with an iron fist.

This was the Communist leader of Yugoslavia during the Cold War era.

This Dutch Protestant led a revolt against Philip II’s Catholic Inquisition on the Netherlands.

This man served as President of Poland between 1990 and 1995.