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ES Final Exam Review ('23-24)

Total questions: 133

Worksheet time: 1hrs 7mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Longleaf is located at 35 degrees N, 78 degrees W. Which of these is its longitude?

a)

35 degrees N

b)

78 degrees W

c)

both

d)

neither

2.

The 0 degree latitude line is called the

a)

Equator

b)

Prime Meridian

c)

Tropic of Cancer

d)

Tropic of Capricorn

3.

What force brings tiny gas particles together when they're far away from any large objects?

a)

EM radiation

b)

fusion

c)

gravity

d)

fission

4.

How many years old is the universe?

a)

3.8 million

b)

13.8 billion

c)

15 trillion

d)

6.4 octillion

5.

The most common element in our universe is

a)

oxygen

b)

carbon

c)

hydrogen

d)

helium

6.

Which of the following causes us to experience seasons?

a)

Precession

b)

Tilt of Earth's axis

c)

Barycenter

d)

Solstices

7.

When one celestial body orbits another, they are actually both orbiting around the middle point of their combined mass, which is called the

a)

precession

b)

equinox

c)

barycenter

d)

tidal force

8.

How many equinoxes are there every year?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

9.

The day of the year with the shortest period of daylight is called the

a)

Vernal Equinox

b)

Autumnal Equinox

c)

Winter Solstice

d)

Summer Solstice

10.

The higher the frequency of a wave, the

a)

higher the energy

b)

lower the energy

c)

shorter the wavelength

d)

longer the wavelength

11.

Light behaves as both a _________ and a _________.

a)

tidal force

b)

particle

c)

barycenter

d)

wave

12.

Which of the following has the longest wavelength?

a)

visible light

b)

X-rays

c)

gamma rays

d)

microwaves

13.

Which of the following has the shortest wavelength?

a)

radio waves

b)

ultraviolet (UV)

c)

infrared (IR)

d)

visible light

14.

Which of the following types of EM radiation do not make it through the Earth's atmosphere? Choose all that apply.

a)

radio waves

b)

visible light

c)

gamma rays

d)

X-rays

15.

Where are the Earth's magnetic fields strongest?

a)

the Equator

b)

the Prime Meridian

c)

evenly strong everywhere

d)

the poles

16.

Which types of EM radiation are emitted by the Sun? Choose all that apply.

a)

radio waves

b)

infrared

c)

microwaves

d)

gamma rays

e)

X-rays

17.

What kind of reaction fuels nuclear power plants?

a)

fusion

b)

chemical combustion

c)

fission

18.

The Earth comes directly between the Moon and the Sun during a

a)

lunar eclipse

b)

solar eclipse

c)

new moon

d)

full moon

19.

How many low tides are there every 24 hours, 50 minutes?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

20.

Tides occur at the same times in a given place every day.

a)

True

b)

False

21.

What gas makes up 78% of the atmosphere?

a)

Oxygen

b)

Nitrogen

c)

Ozone

d)

Carbon Dioxide

22.

When heat is transferred via warm matter rising and cold matter sinking in a continuous cycle, this is called

a)

conduction

b)

insolation

c)

convection

d)

radiation

23.

If an air mass is sinking, it must be

a)

cold and less dense

b)

cold and more dense

c)

warm and more dense

d)

warm and less dense

24.
If an air mass is rising, it must be
a)
cold and less dense
b)
cold and more dense
c)
warm and more dense
d)
warm and less dense
25.

Air masses are different in many ways. Which of these is NOT different?

a)

moisture contents

b)

ratio of oxygen/nitrogen

c)

density

d)

temperature

26.

If I blew up a balloon in a 72°F classroom and then took it outside where it is 100°F, what would happen to the volume of air in the balloon?

a)

It would shrink.

b)

It wouldn't change size.

c)

It would expand.

27.

A front is

a)

where warm air is cooling at earth's surface

b)

a line where hot and cold air are separating

c)

a line where two different air masses meet

d)

where cold air is rising and forming rain clouds

28.
Which type of front is pictured?
a)
Cold front
b)
Warm front
c)
Occluded front
d)
Stationary front
29.

When a cold front or a warm front stays in place for several days without invading another front, it becomes a/n ______.

a)

stationary front

b)

cold front

c)

occluded front

d)

warm front

30.
What does this symbol on a weather map indicate? 
a)
High pressure system
b)
Low pressure system
c)
Cold Front
d)
Warm Front
31.
What does this symbol on a weather map indicate? 
a)
High pressure system
b)
Low pressure system
c)
Cold front
d)
Warm front
32.

Winds are caused by differences in

a)

precipitation

b)

humidity

c)

air pressure

d)

turbulance

33.

High pressure areas tend to have what kind of weather? Select two answers.

a)

rain

b)

overcast

c)

clear skies

d)

windy

e)

no wind

34.

Low pressure areas tend to have what kind of weather? Select two answers.

a)

rain

b)

overcast

c)

clear skies

d)

windy

e)

no wind

35.

Warm fronts tend to bring what kind of precipitation?

a)

prolonged, light rain

b)

short bursts of hard rain

36.

Which of the following symbols represents an occluded front?

a)
b)
c)
d)
37.

Which of the following symbols represents a warm front?

a)
b)
c)
d)
38.

Which of the following symbols represents a cold front?

a)
b)
c)
d)
39.

Which of the following symbols represents a stationary front?

a)
b)
c)
d)
40.

Where does the vast majority of our weather occur?

a)

Troposphere

b)

Stratosphere

c)

Mesosphere

d)

Thermosphere

e)

Exosphere

41.

Where is most of the water vapor in our atmosphere?

a)

Troposphere

b)

Stratosphere

c)

Mesosphere

d)

Thermosphere

e)

Exosphere

42.

Wind blows from where to where?

a)

high pressure to low pressure

b)

low pressure to high pressure

43.

When water changes from a liquid to a gas, this is called

a)

condensation

b)

precipitation

c)

evaporation

d)

freezing

44.

The amount of water vapor in the air compared to how much could potentially be in the air is called

a)

dew point

b)

absolute humidity

c)

relative humidity

d)

heat index

45.

Which can hold MORE water vapor?

a)

relatively cooler air

b)

relatively warmer air

46.

"The lowest temperature at which air will reach 100% relative humidity" is a definition for which of the following terms?

a)

heat index

b)

condensation nucleus

c)

dew point

d)

absolute humidity

47.

Why does high humidity make humans feel uncomfortable?

a)

We first evolved in a dry climate.

b)

Humidity is higher now than it ever used to be,

c)

It makes it difficult for our sweat to evaporate.

d)

We're just being whiny.

48.

Heat Index takes into account which TWO factors?

a)

(air) temperature

b)

relative humidity

c)

dew point

d)

UV index

49.

In order for water vapor to condense into liquid droplets, what is needed?

a)

warm front

b)

downdraft

c)

stratus clouds

d)

condensation nuclei

50.

Why do water vapor molecules have a hard time sticking together on their own?

a)

They're too heavy.

b)

They're too fast.

c)

They're too small.

d)

They repel each other.

51.

What TWO gases are the primary causes of acid rain?

a)

carbon dioxide

b)

sulfur dioxide

c)

calcium oxides

d)

nitrogen oxides

52.

The largest source of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides is . . .

a)

using fossil fuels

b)

extracting metal from ores

c)

volcanoes

d)

landfills

53.

What is the pH of acid rain?

a)

3

b)

4.2-4.4

c)

5.6

d)

7

54.

What would be the effect on the particles in the animation if more heat is supplied to the system?

a)

They would slow down.

b)

They would stop moving completely.

c)

They would speed up.

d)

There would be no effect.

55.
How does heat flow?
a)
Always from cold to warm
b)
Always from warm to cold
c)
Both warm to cold & cold to warm
d)
It depends on the temperature
56.

Which of the following best explains why the sand at the beach is hotter than the water?

a)

Sand has a higher specific heat than water.

b)

Sand has a lower specific heat than water.

c)

There is more water than sand at the beach.

d)

There is more sand than water at the beach.

57.

Water has a _____ specific heat.

a)

high

b)

medium

c)

low

d)

nonexistent

58.
Warm ocean currents generally come from
a)

the North Pole

b)

the South Pole

c)

the Equator

d)

upwelling

59.

Decreasing water temperature causes the density of the water to ______.

a)

increase

b)

stay the same

c)

decrease

60.

Increasing water salinity causes the density of the water to ______.

a)

increase

b)

stay the same

c)

decrease

61.

What causes ocean currents in the Northern Hemisphere to rotate clockwise?

a)
Earth's orbit around the Sun
b)
Earth's spinning on its axis
c)
Earth's magnetic field
d)
Earth's force of gravity
62.
If the Earth did not rotate on its axis, there would be no
a)

Great Ocean Conveyor Belt

b)
Coriolis effect
c)

upwelling

d)
Convection
63.

________ and _______ affect the ocean's density and cause the Great Ocean Conveyor Belt to travel.

a)

gravity and the Coriolis Effect

b)

temperature and salinity

c)

wind and climate

d)

temperature and the Coriolis Effect

64.

The more scientific name of the Great Ocean Conveyor Belt is _____.

a)

halinethermal circulation

b)

thermohaline circulation

c)

thermodensity circulation

d)

upwelling

65.

What percentage of the Earth's water is freshwater?

a)

1%

b)

2.5%

c)

12%

d)

25%

66.

Most of the Earth's freshwater can be found . . .

a)

in lakes and rivers

b)

in groundwater

c)

in glaciers and permanent snow cover

67.

When exposed to the same amount of heat, which of the following substances will increase in temperature the MOST?

a)

water

b)

rubber

c)

gold

d)

cement

68.

When exposed to the same amount of heat, which of the following substances will increase in temperature the LEAST?

a)

water

b)

rubber

c)

gold

d)

cement

69.

Precipitation into the ocean would cause the water's salinity to . . .

a)

increase

b)

stay the same

c)

decrease

70.

Freezing ocean water would cause the remaining liquid water's salinity to . . .

a)

increase

b)

stay the same

c)

decrease

71.

You are standing in the transition zone of a river. If you walk towards the headwaters, you are headed

a)

upstream

b)

downstream

72.

If excess fertilizer runs off from agricultural fields into a river, what type of pollution would that cause?

a)

toxic

b)

bacterial

c)

sediment

d)

nutrient

73.

Pesticides that wind up in bodies of water fall under what category of pollution?

a)

toxic

b)

bacterial

c)

sediment

d)

nutrient

74.

What are the best approaches for handling stormwater? (select TWO)

a)

slow it down

b)

speed it up

c)

absorb/capture it

d)

add more water to it

75.

Stormwater is treated at wastewater treatment plants before it reaches bodies of water.

a)

True

b)

False

76.

What are the benefits of managing stormwater appropriately? (choose TWO answers)

a)

minimizes pollutants

b)

slows down climate change

c)

recharges groundwater

d)

produces electricity

77.

What is land subsidence?

a)

When the land erodes dramatically because of water's movement.

b)

When the ground sinks because of groundwater depletion.

c)

When an area is being irrigated by groundwater.

d)

When an area is being subjected to saltwater intrusion.

78.

Arsenic can dissolve in water.

a)

True

b)

False

79.

Water moving from wastewater pretreatment to primary treatment would be most appropriately referred to as . . .

a)

sewage

b)

aerated

c)

infrastructure

d)

effluent

80.

During an El Nino, trade winds are typically...

a)

about average

b)

stronger

c)

weaker

81.

What are the most common two elements that make up the Earth's crust?

a)

Iron and Silicon

b)

Oxygen and Silicon

c)

Iron and Magnesium

d)

Oxygen and Aluminum

82.

What type of rock can be formed from melting and crystallization?

a)

igneous

b)

sedimentary

c)

metamorphic

83.

What type of rock can be formed from erosion and weathering followed by compaction and cementation?

a)

igneous

b)

sedimentary

c)

metamorphic

84.

What type of rock can be formed from heat and pressure?

a)

igneous

b)

sedimentary

c)

metamorphic

85.

What is the difference between extrusive and intrusive igneous rocks?

a)

Extrusive rocks have points sticking out, intrusive rocks are smooth.

b)

Extrusive rocks are mainly one type of mineral with a 2nd type on the surface, intrusive have different minerals all mixed together.

c)

Extrusive rocks can be found anywhere on the Earth's surface, intrusive rocks can only be found inside volcanoes.

d)

Extrusive rocks cool above the Earth's surface, intrusive rocks cool beneath the Earth's surface.

86.

When one lithospheric plate moves down into the asthenosphere under another plate at a convergent boundary, this is called . . .

a)

convection

b)

mantle

c)

strike-slip

d)

subduction

87.

The Earth's magnetic field sometimes reverses itself

(north turns into south and south turns into north).

a)

True

b)

False

88.

A single tectonic plate can have multiple types of boundaries (convergent, divergent, transform) along its borders.

a)

True

b)

False

89.

Tectonic plates move at an average of a few ____ a year.

a)

millimeters (mm)

b)

centimeters (cm)

c)

meters (m)

d)

kilometers (km)

90.

What is the main force driving the movement of tectonic plates?

a)

slab pull

b)

magnetic fields

c)

ridge push

d)

convection in the mantle

91.

Which type of plate boundary is NOT prone to producing volcanoes?

a)

convergent

b)

divergent

c)

transform

92.

What type of fault is this?

a)

Normal

b)

Reverse

c)

Strike-Slip AKA Lateral

93.

What type of plate boundary is most likely to produce this kind of fault?

a)

Convergent

b)

Divergent

c)

Transform

94.

What type of fault is this?

a)

Normal

b)

Reverse

c)

Strike-Slip AKA Lateral

95.

What type of plate boundary is most likely to produce this kind of fault?

a)

Convergent

b)

Divergent

c)

Transform

96.

What type of fault is this?

a)

Normal

b)

Reverse

c)

Strike-Slip AKA Lateral

97.

What type of plate boundary is most likely to produce this kind of fault?

a)

Convergent

b)

Divergent

c)

Transform

98.

What is the difference between erosion and weathering?

a)

Particles are not transported in erosion.

b)

Particles are not transported in weathering.

c)

Erosion takes place very quickly, weathering happens gradually.

d)

Weathering takes place very quickly, erosion happens gradually.

99.

Soil can vary significantly, but generally speaking, what percentage of soil is minerals?

a)

5%

b)

10%

c)

25%

d)

50%

e)

75%

100.

Soil can vary significantly, but generally speaking, what percentage of soil is organic material?

a)

5%

b)

10%

c)

25%

d)

50%

e)

75%

101.

Soil can vary significantly, but generally speaking, what percentage of soil is water?

a)

5%

b)

10%

c)

25%

d)

50%

e)

75%

102.

Soil can vary significantly, but generally speaking, what percentage of soil is air?

a)

5%

b)

10%

c)

25%

d)

50%

e)

75%

103.

Which soil particle is the largest?

a)

Clay

b)

Sand

c)

Silt

104.

Which soil particle is the smallest?

a)

Clay

b)

Sand

c)

Silt

105.

Mountaintop Removal (MTR) is an environmentally harmful method of extracting what resource?

a)

oil

b)

natural gas

c)

coal

d)

precious metals

106.

True or false: Mining companies can legally dump toxic debris into valleys as "fill material".

a)

True

b)

False

107.

Which of the following are non-renewable energy resources? (Check all that apply)

a)

coal

b)

wind

c)

solar

d)

nuclear

108.

Examples of renewable energy sources include:

a)

Bioethanol, natural gas, petroleum

b)

Geothermal, wind, solar

c)

Hydroelectricity, coal, nuclear

109.

Oil is made from

a)

dead plant and animal remains

b)

sedimentary rocks

c)

magma and lava

d)

water

110.

It takes ______ of years for oil to form.

a)

tens

b)

hundreds

c)

thousands

d)

millions

111.

Fossil fuels are nonrenewable resources because they

a)

take millions of years to form

b)

are easily replaced

c)

are in high demand

d)

don't pollute the air

112.
Which of the following is NOT a fossil fuel?
a)
Petroleum
b)
Biomass
c)
Natural gas
d)
Coal
113.

Fossil fuels come from the fossils of dinosaurs.

a)

True

b)

False

114.

70-90% of all freshwater on Earth is used for

a)

drinking water

b)

meat production

c)

industry

d)

agriculture

115.

Which type of meat requires the largest amount of water to produce?

a)

chicken

b)

beef

c)

veal

d)

pork

116.

Which of the following is a BENEFIT of urbanization?

a)

increased likelihood of disease spread

b)

less air pollution

c)

increased efficiency

d)

decreased light pollution

117.
Carbon dioxide levels in the air have changed throughout earth's history.  The difference today is how ______ the change is happening.
a)
rapidly 
b)
slowly 
c)
wide spread
118.

Which of the following factors is very closely tied to the ability of a small town to grow into a city?

a)

proximity to cropland

b)

sports teams

c)

law enforcement

d)

transportation

e)

healthcare

119.

Explain what a "heat island" is.

(Where do they occur? Why do they occur?)

2-3 sentences recommended.

4 lines
120.

Ice cores are most useful for determining

a)

the atmospheric composition in the past

b)

plate tectonic movement of the past

c)

number of species in the past

d)

geographical species of the past

121.

What are two things that ice cores reveal?

a)

biodiversity levels and Earth's orbit data

b)

carbon dioxide and global temperatures

c)

Polar temperatures

and fossil records

d)

volcanic activity and land subsidence

122.

What part of ice cores tells us what the atmosphere was like in the past?

a)

The water when the ice cores melt

b)

Each thin layer of ice

c)

The air bubbles trapped in ice cores

d)

The rings of the ice core

123.

The Earth has always had ice caps at the poles.

a)

True

b)

False

124.

Rapid climate change in Earth's past has often been followed by

a)

a larger number of predators

b)

a change in Earth's tilt

c)

mass extinctions

d)

increased tectonic activity

125.

The main influence on rising sea level is

a)

melting polar ice caps

b)

increased erosion

c)

plastic pollution in the oceans

d)

thermal expansion

e)

increased rainfall

126.

Which of the following is an abiotic component?

a)

an eagle

b)

a rock

c)

a tree

d)

leaf litter (dead leaves on forest floor)

127.
The most important abiotic factors when studying biomes are...
a)
Food and Water
b)

Precipitation and Sunlight

c)
Temperature and Oxygen
d)
Precipitation and Temperature 
128.

Ecological efficiency from one trophic level to the next is generally:

a)

1%

b)

10%

c)

75%

d)

90%

129.

__________ primary productivity = the organic materials that remain after photosynthetic organisms in the ecosystem have used some of these compounds for their cellular energy needs (cellular respiration).

a)

Gross

b)

Total

c)

Net

d)

Secondary

130.

__________ primary productivity is the total amount of energy that producers convert to chemical energy in organic molecules per unit of time.

a)

Net

b)

Total

c)

Gross

d)

Secondary

131.

Match the following

a)
1.

Cultural

b)
2.

Provisioning

c)
3.

Supporting

d)
4.

Regulating

132.

Match the following

a)
1.

Cultural

b)
2.

Supporting

c)
3.

Regulating

d)
4.

Provisioning

133.

Provide three ways to prevent the spread of invasive species.

4 lines

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