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AP Environmental: Unit 9 Global Changes

Total questions: 131

Worksheet time: 1hrs 6mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
When oxygen gas in the lower stratosphere is struck by this, it splits, leading to the formation of a ozone molecule.
a)
visible light
b)
ultraviolet radiation
c)
infrared
d)
gamma rays
2.
The ozone layer protects us from
a)
UV rays
b)
CFCs
c)
Increased atmospheric heat
d)
Decreased atmospheric heat
3.
The ozone layer is damaged by
a)
CFCs
b)
Increase in greenhouse gases
c)
Increased global temperatures
d)
Sulfuric and nitric acids
4.
Increase in which gas is primarily responsible for increased global warming?
a)
Carbon dioxide
b)
Water vapor
c)
Methane
d)
Nitric oxides
5.
What absorbs ultraviolet rays in the atmosphere?
a)
troposphere
b)
stratosphere
c)
ozone layer
d)
greenhouse gases
6.
The gas that is most abundant in the atmosphere is
a)
oxygen
b)
nitrogen
c)
carbon dioxide
d)
argon
7.
CFCs alter the natural formation of ozone by: 
a)
breaking up ozone and reducing the amount of O2 needed to form ozone
b)
bonding with O3 
c)
preventing UV radiation to strike ozone 
8.
Depletion of ozone layer is a concern because it normally absorbs ____% of the sun's UV radiation. 
a)
50
b)
75
c)
89
d)
99
9.
Choose the correct order of the layers of the atmosphere (from closest to farthest from earth’s surface). 
a)
a)Troposphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, thermosphere 
b)
a)Thermosphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, thermosphere 
c)
a)Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere 
d)
a)Stratosphere, troposphere, mesosphere, thermosphere 
10.
Which of these sets of three items produce CFCs
a)
cars, factories, and cardboard
b)
spray cans, cardboard, insulation
c)
spray cans, refrigerant, cardboard
d)
spray cans, refrigerant, insulation
11.
Those who sign this document understand the consequences they face as they continue burning coal and oil.
a)
Kyoto Protocol
b)
Montreal Protocol
c)
Dallas Protocol
d)
Climate Change Law
12.
These can be any gas in the atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation. 
a)
Greenhouse gases
b)
Fertilizers
c)
Pollutants
d)
Filtrators 
13.
international limits on CFC production toprotect the ozone layer
a)
Montreal Protocol
b)
New York Protocol
c)
Paris Protocol
d)
Tokyo Protocol
14.
Though CFC production has been curtailed, the threat to upper atmosphericozone continues because CFCs
a)
become harmless quickly.
b)
destroy ozone for only a short time.
c)
persist but stop destroying ozone.
d)
persist and continue to destroy ozone for decades.
15.
A continuous record of annual average atmospheric CO2 concentrationsfrom Mauna Loa, Hawaii, reveals
a)
a steady increase since 1988.
b)
no change since 1958.
c)
a steady decrease since 1958.
d)
a steady increase since 1958.
16.
Which of the following greenhouse gases does NOT occur naturally?
a)
Methane
b)
Carbon Dioxide
c)
Water Vapor
d)
HFCs
17.

The effects of ozone depletion on humans includes all of the following, except

a)

more cataracts

b)

suppression of immune systems

c)

more brain cancers

d)

worse sunburns

e)

more skin cancers

18.

Where is the largest result of ozone depletion found?

(a)  

19.

The drop in stratospheric ozone levels in the Southern Hemisphere (the "ozone hole") is most evident during which season?

a)

Antarctic spring (October)

b)

Antarctic autumn (April)

c)

Antarctic summer only (January)

d)

Antarctic winter only (July)

e)

Both Antarctic summer and Antarctic winter (January and July)

20.

Based on the graph, the reduction in CFCs is in direct correlation to the ratifying of the

a)

Kyoto Protocol

b)

Montreal Protocol

c)

Copenhagen Accord

d)

Paris Agreement

e)

Clean Air Act

21.

All the following are examples of reducing carbon dioxide levels in the troposphere through carbon sequestration, except

a)

planting more trees

b)

bringing more cropland into production

c)

pumping it deep underground

d)

growing more switchgrass

e)

injecting it into the deep ocean

22.

Chemicals capable of destroying ozone include all of the following, except

a)

chlorofluorocarbons

b)

formaldehyde used as a preservative

c)

halons in fire extinguishers and crop fumigants

d)

carbon tetrachloride used as a solvent

e)

methyl bromide used as a fumigant

23.

In 1987, 36 nations meeting in Montreal, Canada, developed the Montreal Protocol to reduce production of

(a)  

24.

Which of the following gases does not deplete the ozone layer?

a)

Chlorofluorocarbons

b)

Methyl bromide

c)

Halogens

d)

Hydrofluorocarbons

e)

Hydrochlorofluorocarbons

25.

What is the purpose of the stratospheric ozone?

(a)  

26.

Which of the following is true about the Antarctic ozone "hole"?

a)

It is about the same area all year and it rotates clockwise around the South Pole

b)

It is about the same area all year and it rotates counterclockwise around the South Pole

c)

It appears and disappears without warning and with no discernable pattern

d)

It is at its peak area during the Antarctic spring

e)

It is at its peak area during the Antarctic winter

27.

How do CFCs affect ozone production?

a)

UV radiation frees a chlorine atom, which breaks down ozone.

b)

UV radiation frees a fluorine atom, which breaks down ozone.

c)

Infrared radiation frees a chlorine atom, which breaks down ozone.

d)

Infrared radiation frees a chlorine atom, which breaks down ozone.

28.

Though CFC production has been curtailed, the threat to upper atmospheric ozone continues because CFCs

a)

become harmless quickly

b)

persist but stop destroying ozone

c)

destroy ozone for only a short time

d)

persist and continue to destroy ozone for decades

29.

How many ozone atoms can a single chlorine atom break down?

a)

5,000

b)

10,000

c)

50,000

d)

100,000

30.

Which Ultra Violet Radiation does not pentrate to Earth's surface, because it is captured in the Stratospheric Ozone layer?

a)

UV - A

b)

UV - B

c)

UV - C

d)

UV - D

31.

Has ozone depletion began to decrease?

(a)  

32.
What are the two most common greenhouse gases?
a)
Water Vapor (H2O) and Methane (CH4)
b)
Carbon Dioxide CO2 and Methane (CH4)
c)
Water Vapor (H2O) and Carbon Dioxide CO2
d)
Water Vapor (H2O) and Nitrous oxide (N2O)
33.

Which in the atmosphere protects us from harmful UV radiation?

a)

Ozone

b)

Water Vapor

c)

Methane

d)

Sulfur Dioxide

e)

Carbon Dioxide

34.
What type of waves get trapped inside the greenhouse?
a)
Sunlight
b)
Ultraviolet
c)
Microwaves
d)
Infrared
35.

What results from livestock and other agricultural practices and by the decay of organic waste in municipal solid waste landfills?

a)

Carbon Dioxide

b)

Methane

c)

Water Vapor

d)

Fluorinated Gases

e)

Nitrous Oxide

36.

These gases are typically emitted in smaller quantities, but because they are potent greenhouse gases, they are sometimes referred to as High Global Warming Potential gases ("High GWP gases").

a)

Fluorinated Gases

b)

Methane

c)

Carbon Dioxide

d)

Nitrous Oxide

e)

Water Vapor

37.

Accounts for 81.6% of all U.S. greenhouse gas emissions from human activities.

a)

Water Vapor

b)

Fluorinated Gases

c)

Carbon Dioxide

d)

Methane

e)

Nitrous Oxide

38.

Pound for pound, the comparative impact of CH4 is more than ___ times greater than CO2 over a 100-year period.

a)

10

b)

15

c)

25

d)

50

e)

100

39.

______ is emitted to the atmosphere during the production, processing, storage, transmission, and distribution of natural gas.

a)

Water Vapor

b)

Fluorinated Gases

c)

Nitrous Oxide

d)

Carbon Dioxide

e)

Methane

40.

The primary source of CH4 emissions is _______.

a)

Industry

b)

Agriculture

c)

Carbon Sinks

d)

Fossil Fuels

e)

Electricity

41.

_______ is removed from the atmosphere when it is absorbed by certain types of bacteria or destroyed by ultraviolet radiation or chemical reactions.

a)

Fluorinated Gases

b)

Water Vapor

c)

Carbon Dioxide

d)

Nitrous Oxide

e)

Methane

42.

HFCs, PFCs, NF3, SF6

a)

Fluorinated Gases

b)

Water Vapor

c)

Carbon Dioxide

d)

Methane

e)

Nitrous Oxide

43.

Chlorofluorocarbons and HCFCs are being phased out under an international agreement, called the __________.

a)

Paris Agreement

b)

Kyoto Protocol

c)

Montreal Protocol

d)

Endangered Species Act

44.

Overall, ______ emissions in the United States have increased by about 74 percent between 1990 and 2016.

a)

Fluorinated Gases

b)

Water Vapor

c)

Carbon Dioxide

d)

Nitrous Oxide

e)

Methane

45.

All of these gases remain in the atmosphere long enough to become well mixed, meaning that the amount that is measured in the atmosphere is roughly the same all over the _______, regardless of the source of the emissions.

a)

country

b)

state

c)

world

d)

city

46.

In 2016 the combustion of fossil fuels to generate electricity was the largest single source of ____ emissions in the nation.

a)

Water Vapor

b)

Carbon Dioxide

c)

Methane

d)

Nitrous Oxides

e)

Fluorinated Gases

47.

Climate models predict that global warming will be most severe in which regions?

a)

Australia

b)

North America

c)

Polar Regions

d)

Africa

e)

Euro-Asia

48.

All of the following are greenhouse gases EXCEPT

a)

carbon dioxide

b)

water vaopr

c)

methane

d)

nitrogen

49.

If global temperature warmed for any reason, atmospheric water vapor would increase due to evaporation. This would increase the greenhouse effect and thereby further rise the temperature. As a result, the ice caps would melt back, making the planet less reflective so that it would warm further. This process is an example of

a)

synergistic feedback

b)

positive-feedback loop

c)

negative-feedback loop

d)

negative coupling

50.

Which of the following statements about the greenhouse effect is false?

a)

The amount of heat trapped in the troposphere depends on concentrations of greenhouse gases.

b)

Changes in CO2 and methane levels correlate closely with changes in global average temperature.

c)

Life on earth is totally dependent on the natural greenhouse effect

d)

The greenhouse effect is a new theory that explains the warming of the atmosphere.

51.

Which of the following is not a human activity responsible for adding CO2, CH4, and N2O to the atmosphere?

a)

combustion of fossil fuels

b)

cultural eutrophication

c)

deforestation

d)

combustion of petroleum

52.

Which of the following is NOT correct?

a)

Increased glacial melting leads to decreased albedo.

b)

Decrease in cloud albedo leads to increased atmospheric temperature.

c)

Decreased atmospheric H2O leads to an increased greenhouse effect.

d)

Increased surface temperature leads to increased evaporation.

53.

The thawing of permafrost will most likely result in

a)

additional water vapor in the atmosphere

b)

less water vapor in the atmosphere

c)

additional nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere

d)

additional sulfur oxides in the atmosphere

e)

additional methane in the atmosphere

54.

One result of increased troposphere temperatures that are observed today is

a)

An increase in skin cancers in people

b)

And increase in the average global sea levels of 10 to 20 cm

c)

More radon seepage into people’s homes

d)

A deeper permafrost in Artic regions

e)

Lakes and ponds remaining frozen longer into the spring

55.

1. The increase in CO2 in the atmosphere coincides with the start of the ________________ and correlates to an increase of ____________ within the atmosphere.

I. Industrial Revolution

II. Ozone

III. Green Revolution

IV. Temperature

V. Water Vapor

a)

I and II

b)

I and IV

c)

I and V

d)

III and II

e)

III and IV

56.

Increased combustion of fossil fuels since 1750 has contributed to all of the following EXCEPT

a)

melting permafrost

b)

ocean acidification

c)

decreased ozone layer

d)

ocean thermal expansion

e)

coastal flooding

57.

Which of the following have been linked to climate change?

a)

droughts

b)

melting of polar ice caps

c)

flooding

d)

all of the above

58.

The average temperature of the surface of Earth has increased approximately 1°C in the past century. Which reason best explains this increase in temperature?

a)

lower levels of ozone in the atmopshere

b)

higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

c)

lower levels of nitrogen in the atmosphere

d)

higher levels of oxygen in the atmosphere

59.

Ocean acidification is the effect of climate change. It happens as a result of ____.

a)

increased CO2

b)

sedimentation

c)

thermal expansion

d)

changes in upwelling

60.

Which of the following will require most developed countries to decrease emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases?

a)

Montreal Protocol

b)

Emissions Reduction Act

c)

Kyoto Protocol

d)

Paris Agreement

61.

From the Paris Agreement video, what was the temperature limit that the Paris Agreement is aiming at keeping as compared to pre-industrial levels? How long are the cycles that allows for the evaluation of each countries plans and progression to their goals?

a)

3 degrees Celsius and 3 year evaluation

b)

1.5-2 degrees Celsius and 5 year evaluation

c)

2-2.5 degrees Celsius and 8 year evaluation

d)

1 degree Celsius and countries are not held accountable for their progress

62.
Ocean acidification begins with 
a)
pollution from ships
b)
carbon dioxide released from combustion
c)
dumping of waste from cities into the ocean
63.
Carbon dioxide and seawater combine to form
a)
calcium carbonate
b)
carbon monoxide
c)
carbonic acid 
64.
Marine organisms make their shells from calcium and
a)
chloride
b)
carbonate
c)
seawater
65.
An example of a marine organism that needs calcium carbonate 
a)
a crab
b)
a shark
c)
an octopus
66.
Very slight increases in the acidity of seawater __________  marine organisms that make shells.
a)
doesn't bother
b)
has no effect on 
c)
is unhealthy and stresses
67.
Carbon dioxide levels in the air have changed throughout earth's history.  The difference today is how ______ the change is happening.
a)
rapidly 
b)
slowly 
c)
wide spread
68.

Which molecule makes water acidic?

a)

Carbonate Ions

b)

Carbon Dioxide

69.

What happens to 1/4 of the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?

a)

It is released into space.

b)

It gets absorbed by the ocean.

70.

When carbon dioxide ions react with water, what molecules do they release?

a)

Hydrogen Ions

b)

Carbonate Ions

71.

According to this slide

a)

CO2 is causing marine life to die by "poisoning' the water

b)

CO2 is destroying sea shells

c)

CO2 is formed from the combustion of Octane

72.

This image demonstrates that

a)

There is a direct correlation with the atmospheric CO2 and the CO2 in seawater

b)

That pH of the ocean increases as the atmospheric CO2 increases

c)

That there is no correlation between pH of the ocean and atmospheric CO2

73.
As the ocean becomes more acidic, the pH of the water
a)
increases
b)
decreases
74.

What do some marine creatures do with the carbonate ion?

a)

use it as a food source

b)

use it as a defense mechanism

c)

use it to build shells and exoskeletons

d)

use it to cool body temperatures

75.

Ocean acidification makes it more difficult for marine organisms to hear each other, and predators.

a)

True

b)

False

76.

In a more acidic ocean, the shells of organisms do not grow as easily.

a)

True

b)

False

77.

Ocean acidification raises the pH of the ocean .

a)

True

b)

False

78.

Which is carbonate?

a)

HCO-

b)

H2CO3

c)

CO3-

d)

CO2

79.

Which organism might benefit from the increase of carbon dioxide in the world’s oceans?

a)

crabs and lobster

b)

Fishes

c)

Clams and oysters

d)

Sea grasses

80.

All carbon dioxide gas found in the ocean is there because humans are causing pollution from burning fossil fuels.

a)

True

b)

False

81.

CO2 + H20 -->

a)

H2CO3

b)

CO3

c)

CO2

d)

H3O+

82.
In a population of spiders there are three different sizes: small, medium, and large.
---The large spiders are easily seen by predators.
---Small spiders have a difficult time finding food.
What will most likely happen to this population of spiders after many generations?
a)
Small and large spiders will mutate
b)
Medium spiders will be the most plentiful
c)
Large spiders will learn to hide from predators
d)
Small and medium spiders will be the least plentiful
83.
The habitat of a moth species included trees with both light and dark colored bark.Therefore the moth species included both light and dark colored variants.Then the light-colored trees were wiped out by a disease, and within a few years nearly all the moths in this forest were dark colored. Which of the following choices BEST explains what happened?
a)
The light moths that survived all had dark offspring in order to adapt to the change.
b)
The dark moths were less visible to predators, so mostly light moths were eaten.
c)
The few light moths that survived did not mate, and therefore they had no offspring.
d)
The light moths changed their wing pigments to darker colors to avoid being eaten.
84.
How is secondary succession different from primary succession?
a)
Secondary succession occurs after a disturbance in an area that was previously uninhabited.
b)
Secondary succession occurs after a disturbance in an area in which the soil has remained intact.
85.
What does this picture represent?
a)
species diversity
b)
ecosystem diversity 
c)
genetic diversity
d)
biodiversity
86.
Globally, the leading cause of biodiversity loss is 
a)
invasive species
b)
poaching and overharvesting
c)
pollution
d)
habitat change and loss 
87.
 Characteristic or trait that helps an organism survive in its environment
a)
skills
b)
speciation
c)
natural instinct
d)
adaptation
88.
Charles Darwin noticed that birds of the Galapagos Islands were very similar in size and shape but their beaks were very different. What is the explanation for birds having different beaks? 
a)
gathering food
b)
building nest
c)
fighting
d)
scaring predators
89.
Northern foxes can have different fur colors.The foxes hunt squirrels for food. Foxes that have fur the same color as their environment are better at getting closer to squirrels and catching them.The diagram shows a population of foxes that live in one area. At time 1, the population had the same number of brown and white foxes. At time 2, after many generations, there were many more brown foxes and fewer white foxes in the population.
How did the environment change between time 1 and time 2? How did the population change?
a)
You cannot tell how the environment changed. With each generation, more foxes passed on the gene for brown fur to their offspring.
b)
The environment became brown. Brown foxes are more likely to survive, so the white foxes changed to have brown fur.
c)
The environment became brown. Brown foxes are more likely to survive, so both kinds of foxes passed on the gene for brown fur to their offspring.
d)
The environment became brown. With each generation, more brown foxes survived long enough to pass on the gene for brown fur to their offspring.
90.
Which of the following describes the importance of biodiversity to an ecosystem?
a)
a. People like to be able to see all the different plants and animals
b)
b. If there aren�t all the different species, there will be resources that aren�t being used
c)
c. Biodiversity is not as important as many people think
d)
d. Biodiversity can help minimize the effects of losing a species.
91.
What is the main suspected environmental problem associated with the burning of fossil fuels?
a)
a. Depletion of fresh water
b)
b. Depletion of ozone
c)
c. Global cooling
d)
d. Global warming
92.
Which human activity would be most destructive to the biodiversity of the biosphere?
a)
a. The burning of wood and coal in rural areas
b)
b. The release of species of freshwater trout in lakes
c)
c. The removal of plants from the food webs they support
d)
d. The removal of erosion barriers from forest boundaries
93.
What affect will continued rise in global temperature most likely have on worldwide biodiversity?
a)
a. It will have no effect as there is plenty of time for organisms to adapt
b)
b. It will increase due to warmer temperatures
c)
c. It will increase due to greater plant production from more CO2
d)
d. It will decrease due to massive habitat destruction
94.
In what way are humans most impacting the biodiversity of ecosystems around the world?
a)
a. We are putting too many organisms in zoos or keeping them as pets
b)
b. We are increasing biodiversity by breeding new species
c)
c. We are destroying the habitats of a large number of species
d)
d. Recreational hunting
95.
Why are invasive species such a problem in their new ecosystem?
a)
a. The new ecosystem isn�t adapted to their presence
b)
b. The new ecosystem is probably weaker than the native one
c)
c. They have mutations making them more adapted to the new ecosystem
d)
d. They cause mutations in the native species
96.
Which biome is characterized by low temperatures and low amounts of rainfall?
a)
tundra
b)
desert
c)
temperate deciduous forest
d)
tropical rain forest
97.
Which biome covers most of the land mass near the Earth's equator?
a)
tundra
b)
desert
c)
grassland
d)
tropical rainforest
98.
Which biome is found on the mountain above the tree line?
a)
grassland
b)
deciduous forest
c)
tundra
d)
tropical forest
99.
Which biome, because of its climate, has the largest number of species of plants and animals?
a)
tundra
b)
desert
c)
tropical rainforest
d)
pine forest
100.
One characteristic feature of tundra is that only the surface thaws in the summer and refreezes in the winter, leaving a layer of permanently frozen subsoil.  This characteristic is known as
a)
glaciation
b)
permafrost
c)
crystallization
d)
soilfrost
101.
Which major biome is home to cacti, mesquite, white thorn, pack rats, small reptiles, and coyotes?
a)
desert
b)
taiga
c)
tundra
d)
grassland
102.
Which biome receives between 0 to 25 centimeters of rain per year, has a temperature range of 0 to 50 degrees Celsius, has poor soil, and is home to lizards, scorpions, and snakes?
a)
desert
b)
mountain
c)
taiga
d)
tundra
103.
Which biome receives between 0 and 25 centimeters of precipitation each year, has a temperature range from -27 to 5 degrees Celsius, has frozen soil, and is home to hares, caribou, and wolves?
a)
desert
b)
mountain
c)
savannah
d)
tundra
104.
Which of the following habitats probably has the greatest number of plant and animal species?
a)
the African savannah
b)
a rainforest in Brazil
c)
a temperate forest in China
d)
a temperate grassland in Kansas
105.
Which biome contains large populations of grazing herbivores, few species of birds, and deep, rich soil?
a)
taiga
b)
tundra
c)
deciduous forest
d)
grassland
106.
This biome contains mostly spruce trees and Douglas firs, which are both evergreen.  The winters are long and cold and the summers are short and rainy.  The soil is very rich.  Moose and elk live here.  This biome is classified as a
a)
taiga
b)
tundra
c)
deciduous forest
d)
temperate forest
107.
The biome known for trees with broad leaves that fall off the trees in the winter.
a)
Coniferous Forests
b)
Deciduous Forests
c)
Deserts
d)
Tropical Rain Forests
108.
The most important abiotic factors when studying biomes are...
a)
Food and Water
b)
Water and Sunlight
c)
Temperature and Oxygen
d)
Water and Temperature 
109.
The greatest biodiversity on earth is found in the __________ biome.
a)
taiga
b)
grassland
c)
temperate deciduous forest
d)
tropical rainforest
110.
Which biome is MOST LIKE the "desert" in terms of precipitation?
a)
tropical rainforest
b)
temperate deciduous forest
c)
tundra
d)
coniferous forest
111.
Primary succession would occur on a 
a)
meadow destroyed by flood
b)
meadow destroyed by overgrazing 
c)
newly created volcanic island
d)
section of a forest destroyed by an avalanche 
112.

Although they only occupy 0.2% of the ocean floor, coral reefs provide many benefits. Which of the following is not one of these?

a)

They provide significant free oxygen.

b)

They serve as natural barriers.

c)

They protect coastlines from erosion.

d)

They provide habitats for one-quarter of all marine organisms.

e)

They provide one-tenth of the global fish catch.

113.

Which of the following are the two greatest long-term threats to coral reefs?

a)

ocean acidification and overfishing

b)

damage by divers and predation

c)

climate change and acidification

d)

erosion and sea-level rise

e)

climate change and predation

114.

If you find a new species of algae floating on the surface of a coastal zone, you would likely consider it a type of ____.

a)

benthos

b)

zooplankton

c)

nekton

d)

phytoplankton

e)

ultraplankton

115.

A jellyfish would be considered a type of ____.

a)

benthos

b)

zooplankton

c)

nekton

d)

phytoplankton

e)

ultraplankton

116.

Oysters, sea stars, and lobsters would be considered what type of organism?

a)

phytoplankton

b)

zooplankton

c)

nekton

d)

benthos

e)

decomposers

117.

Strongly swimming consumers are most likely to be ____.

a)

phytoplankton

b)

zooplankton

c)

nekton

d)

benthos

e)

decomposers

118.

The single ocean on the earth is divided into four parts by the continents. Which of the following is not one of those parts?

a)

Atlantic

b)

Arctic

c)

Baltic

d)

Indian

e)

Pacific

119.

What prevents coral reefs from surviving below the euphotic zone?

a)

high water density

b)

high pressure

c)

saline water

d)

inadequate sunlight

e)

damage from storms

120.

Which of the following is not part of the saltwater or marine aquatic life zones?

a)

oceans

b)

estuaries

c)

inland wetlands

d)

coastal wetlands

e)

mangrove forests

121.

Which of the following is classified as a freshwater aquatic life zone?

a)

oceans

b)

mangrove forests

c)

rivers

d)

coral reefs

e)

coastal wetlands

122.

Net Primary Productivity is highest in ____.

a)

open oceans as nutrients are plentiful

b)

open oceans as disturbance is minimized

c)

shallow systems as nutrients are plentiful

d)

shallow systems as temperatures are cooler

e)

open oceans as sunlight is plentiful

123.

Which of the following is a major cause of increasing ocean acidification?

a)

eutrophication

b)

construction of dams and levees

c)

rising sea level

d)

rising levels of CO2

e)

decreasing dissolved oxygen

124.

What is the coastal marine ecosystem consisting of at least 60 species of plants that grow underwater in shallow marine and estuarine areas along most continental coastlines?

a)

salt marshes

b)

sea grass beds

c)

intertidal zones

d)

mangrove forests

e)

coral reefs

125.

What is an area where a river meets the sea, and includes some of the earth’s most productive wetlands?

a)

euphotic zone

b)

estuary

c)

inlets

d)

bays

e)

coastal marshes

126.

Which of the following is a highly productive wetland that provides habitat for some 69 species of trees that can live in salty water?

a)

seagrass beds

b)

barrier beaches

c)

barrier islands

d)

coastal rain forests

e)

mangrove forests

127.

The deepest part of the ocean is the ____.

a)

abyssal zone

b)

euphotic zone

c)

estuary zone

d)

bathyal zone

e)

benthic zone

128.

The dimly lit zone in which zooplankton and smaller fishes predominate is the ____.

a)

abyssal zone

b)

euphotic zone

c)

estuary zone

d)

bathyal zone

e)

benthic zone

129.
Which is not a factor that affects climate?
a)
altitude
b)
latitude
c)
lakes and oceans
d)
living organisms
130.
In what year was the average global temperature lowest between 1880 and 2000?
a)
1880
b)
1900
c)
1940
d)
2000
131.
By what amount did carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere increase between 1960 and 2000?
a)
40 -50 ppm
b)
60 -70 ppm
c)
110 -120 ppm
d)
360 -370 ppm

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