a. is stored as unstructured data.

b. is processed data with meaning.

c. can be retrieved only from a relational database or spreadsheet.

d. has currently very little value due to the information overload.

a. is an information asset for the card-issuing bank.

b. is raw data without a special meaning.

c. is a violation of data privacy.

d. is based on unstructured data.

a. has no value for Instagram.

b. is structured data.

c. is unstructured data.

d. provides knowledge for the advertisers.

a. is a digital trace left after a card payment.

b. is stored in a raw format and analyzed on request.

c. Is, for example, personally identifiable information.

d. must be stored in a pre-defined data format.

a. Hadoop.

b. a database management system.

c. a NoSQL database.

d. a file system.

a. covers the life of data from data collection to disposal.

b. concerns structured data, but it is not needed for unstructured data.

c. is done by the Chief Information Governance Officer.

d. protects data against theft.

a. requires involving a data scientist.

b. increases the value of data.

c. is possible by using Excel files or a NoSQL database

d. is prohibitively expensive and does not pay off.

a. is wisdom.

b. is feasible only for large corporations.

c. is data lifecycle management.

d. is information governance.

a. Is up to the organization’s executives.

b. is done by storing, analyzing, and using unstructured data.

c. is done within an information governance framework.

d. depends on the type of data the organization uses.

a. keep data in files.

b. keep data in a database.

c. are online transaction processing applications.

d. are online analytical processing applications.

a. can be replaced by a structured file, e.g., an Excel spreadsheet.

b. keeps data as a collection of records that are related and accessible in various applications.

c. is a database management system (DBMS).

d. is Microsoft Access.

a. handles day-to-day operations.

b. facilitates the analysis of performance and supports decision-making.

c. stores data in a structured format and keeps the information about the

relationships.

d. is, for example, Microsoft Access.

a. is used less today due to slow speed and insufficient performance.

b. stores data as a large collection of files in native format.

c. stores data in tables and identifies and connects records by keys.

d. can be substituted by a file management program.

a. is, for example, Microsoft Outlook.

b. is represented by SQL, which manipulates and creates data in a database.

c. is used only by large organizations that can afford a high price for DBMS

licenses.

d. controls access to a database and allows the creation, editing, and deletion of data.

a. is an enterprise-grade DBMS for multi-user environments.

b. is suitable for a single user.

c. is available both for Windows and macOS.

d. is an open-source program.

a. organizes data in rows and columns with a unique identifier.

b. works like an Excel spreadsheet.

c. is accessed by using a macro.

d. requires knowledge of SQL to allow data insertion and modification.

a. serves as data storage.

b. formats, summarizes, and presents data.

c. stores unstructured data.

d. is not available in the latest version of Access

a. is a collection of related records stored in a file.

b. provides a graphical user interface for Access.

c. enables automation of data management in Access.

d. retrieves specific data and makes them available for use.

a. gives a right to access certain fields.

b. enables access to certain records.

c. sets access based on the identity of the user.

d. assigns the right to access data based on the user's role.

a. are advantages of spreadsheets.

b. are disadvantages of spreadsheets

c. are advantages of databases.

d. require licensed software.

a. in a spreadsheet.

b. by keeping the lower number of rows in spreadsheets.

c. in a database.

d. by using online spreadsheets.

a. requires data normalization.

b. can be done sufficiently in a spreadsheet.

c. requires queries and reports generated from a database.

d. is possible only in an online spreadsheet.

a. the time the data will be used.

b. licensing model.

c. the number of records in a table.

d. compatibility with Microsoft Office.

a. is a spreadsheet.

b. is a database.

c. is a physical storage of data.

d. is a description of data structure.

a. is a diagram for visualization of the relational model.

b. is a collection of several connected spreadsheets.

c. consists of rows, columns, and tables.

d. is a type of database.

a. is a table.

b. is a spreadsheet in Excel or Google spreadsheet.

c. is a column with one specific information, e.g., birth date.

d. is an object, e.g., a product.

a. is an entity property, e.g., the customer's name.

b. is a primary key.

c. is a type of relationship between two entities.

d. is stored in a row of a table.

a. defines the relationship between two entities, e.g., Product and Order.

.

b. defines the relationship between two attributes, e.g., name and phone

number.

c. is attached to a primary key.

d. is not necessary for the ERD

a. is equivalent to a foreign key.

b. can change its value.

c. uniquely identifies the specific entity among the records, e.g., Customer ID

30016.

d. can be duplicated within an entity.

a. Is not used anymore on the Web today.

b. requires full automation.

c. has been disabled in Web 2.0.

d. is the essence of Web 1.0.

a. has restricted users from the control of their data.

b. has been replaced with Web 3.0.

c. has kept users in control of their data.

d. is independent of Web 1.0

a. becomes the property of the service provider.

b. is a typical characteristic of a social web application.

c. can be used by third parties without the user’s consent.

d. is everything that can be searched via the Google search engine.

a. is designed for chatbots and virtual assistants.

b. interprets data and automates tasks.

c. is difficult to achieve due to missing standards.

d. is blocked by big tech companies.

a. does not allow calls on landlines and mobile phone numbers.

b. requires specialized hardware.

c. allows one to make phone calls over the data network.

d. has been substituted by instant messaging apps.

a. renders objects to look real during virtual meetings.

b. replaces live human participants in virtual meetings.

c. uses a high-resolution videotelephony system.

d. enhances virtual meetings through added interaction.

a. is an original concept of the Internet that has been replaced with Web 2.0.

b. is a principle to treat all Internet traffic equally.

c. asks for more regulation of the Internet.

d. is up to the decision of the Internet Service Providers (ISPs).

a. is designed for machines to communicate over a network.

b. is a new name for the original Internet.

c. does not use the public Internet.

d. works with proprietary technologies, which limits its use.

a. video streaming.

b. digital holography.

c. smart home.

d. chatbot.

a. enables other services to operate on the Internet.

b. is proprietary and thus inaccessible for new services

c. is owned by private companies.

d. is not used in the Internet of Things.

a. There is no such thing as e-commerce.

b. E-commerce refers to the sharing economy.

c. E-commerce refers to the buying and selling of goods or services in shopping

malls.

d. E-commerce refers to the buying and selling of goods or services using the internet.

a. Find where to sell.

b. Find what to sell.

c. Find to whom to sell.

d. Obtaining the product.

a. Search Engine Optimization.

b. Static Engine Overload.

c. Super Engine Optimization.

d. Smart Engine Optimization.

a. White-hat SEO.

b. Black-hat SEO.

c. On-page factors.

d. Off-page factors.

a. Simple page structure and hierarchy, text quality, relevance of information in the text, optimization of HTML tags.

b. A menu, a widget, an alt text for image.

c. An online marketing campaign, social media activity, Google My Business

d. A transcript for audio, an image, a text.

a. A menu, a widget, an alt text for image.

b. Simple page structure and hierarchy, text quality, relevance of information in

the text, optimization of HTML tags.

c. An online marketing campaign, social media activity, Google My Business

d. A transcript for audio, an image, a text.

a. Simple page structure and hierarchy, text quality, relevance of information in

the text, optimization of HTML tags.

b. mobile optimization, prioritizing quality content, quality link building.

c. An online marketing campaign, social media activity, Google My Business.

d. None of these answers.

a. A search engine.

b. A websites database.

c. A desktop application for accounting.

d. A web application for analyzing websites.

a. First-party cookies are usually considered to be a bad technological solution

because they also help to provide a worse user experience.

b. First-party cookies are usually considered to be a good technological solution because they also help to provide a better user experience.

c. First-party cookies are usually considered to be a bad technological solution

because they provide personal data about the user.

d. None of these answers.

a. SEO is not a complicated “job”, because it does not change at all.

b. SEO is a complicated “job” which requires a lot of learning, because it is a field that changes very quickly.

c. SEO is part of the Google’s algorithm “RankBrain”.

d. None of these answers.

a. Yes, unlike vector graphics which uses mathematical statements to display

graphics.

b. No, vector graphics does.

c. Yes, as well as vector graphics.

d. None of these answers is correct

a. Hypertext Markup Language

b. Hypertron Mark Language

c. Hype More Language

d. Hypertrick Markup Language

a. Cozy Style Sheets

b. Complex Styling Sheets

c. Cascading Style Sheets

d. None of these answers is correct

a. JavaScript can make your website more static.

b. JavaScript can make your website more dynamic.

c. JavaScript can make your website safer.

d. JavaScript can make your website mathematical.

a. An alt text for an image, a transcript for audio and keyboard input

b. A menu, a widget, an alt text for image

c. an alt text for image, a text, a heading

d. A transcript for audio, an image, a text

a. Editors that are used only by professionals

b. Applications for web design novices

c. Lines of code that put the web online

d. None of these answers is correct

a. User from generation X

b. United experience – the impression/phenomenon felt by users before, during

and after using a product or system

c. Unified experience – the impression/phenomenon felt by users before, during

and after using a product or system

d. User experience – the impression/phenomenon felt by users before, during

and after using a product or system

a. usability, dynamics, emotional impact and meaningfulness

b. usability, usefulness, emotional impact and steadiness

c. usability, usefulness, emotional impact and meaningfulness

d. usability, steadiness, emotional impact and meaningfulness

a. The GUI was not yet created.

b. The GUI is still in the developing stages.

c. The GUI was created before the command line interface.

d. The GUI was created because the command line interface was so complex that it was difficult to learn all the commands.

a. It is a nickname for design departments in companies.

b. Corporate Designs includes visual and verbal staging of the brand and helps make your company's identity and values visible.

c. It is an international standard.

d. None of these answers is correct

a. Research shows that customers mainly derive quality from promotion and

have almost no idea about price in general.

b. Research shows that customers mainly derive quality from price and have

almost no idea about price in general.

c. Research shows that customers are able to derive quality from price.

d. None of these answers is correct

a. In the space between the actual self and the ideal self, no gap is created.

b. In the space between the actual self and the ideal self, a promotion gap is

created.

c. In the space between the actual self and the ideal self, a price gap is created.

d. In the space between the actual self and the ideal self, an identity gap is

created.

a. Self-Brand Concept.

.

b. Identity Gap.

c. Self-Brand Congruity.

d. The 4P’s principle

a. Corporate Social Restartability.

b. Common Social Responsibility.

c. Comical Social unResponsibility.

d. Corporate Social Responsibility

a. In 2020, 58.5 % of all ads spendings was spent online.

b. In 2020, 58.5 % of all ads spendings was spent offline.

c. In 2020, 88.5 % of all ads spendings was spent online.

d. In 2020, 79.5 % of all ads spendings was spent online.

a. A query that a user types into an internet search engine.

b. A conversion is a situation in which a web user performs an action that has a business benefit for the website owner.

c. A conversion is a situation in which a web user performs an action that does

not have a business benefit for the website owner.

d. None of these answers is correct.

a. A type of payment for advertising.

b. A metric referring to the number of clicks on an advertiser's ad divided by the

number of ad impressions.

c. An opportunity to see an advertisement in digital marketing.

d. A query that a user types into an internet search engine.

a. Awareness, consideration, conversion, post-purchase experience.

b. Usability, usefulness, emotional impact and steadiness.

c. Awareness, consideration, emotional impact and meaningfulness.

d. Conversion, post-purchase experience, usability and usefulness.

a. In marketing, there is no such thing as target customer groups.

b. As in offline campaigns, it is wrong to delineate the target customer groups in

online marketing campaigns.

c. As in offline campaigns, it is not necessary to delineate the target customer

groups in online marketing campaigns.

d. As in offline campaigns, it is also necessary to delineate the target customer

groups in online marketing campaigns.

a. Successful digital marketing involves innovation, added value, good quality,

with differentiation from competitors being a key factor.

b. Successful digital marketing involves promotion, good price, good quality, with

lower price being a key factor from competitors.

c. Successful digital marketing does not involve innovation, added value, good

quality, with differentiation from competitors being a key factor.

d. None of these answers is correct.

a. Exposure, viral potential, improved SERP.

b. Self-Brand concept, identity gap, the 4P’s principle.

c. There are none.

d. None of these answers is correct.

a. Celebrity marketing.

b. Influencer marketing.

c. Uniformity.

d. Diversification.

a. To give political statements.

b. To retweet interesting content.

c. To interact with customers in real time.

d. To share funny stories about their customers.

a. Because rich people use these media.

b. Because on these media brands can demonstrate the company's commitment

to professionalism.

c. Because visual content is the best way to connect with the customers.

d. None of these answers is correct.

a. Uncertainty about which social media platform is right for the business.

b. Nobody will be interested in the brand’s content.

c. A doubt that the brand will not have time to generate content.

d. All these answers are correct.

a. TikTok.

b. Facebook.

c. Instagram.

d. Youtube.

a. Return on investment.

b. Return on input.

c. Return on index.

d. Return on invariant.

a. Influencer marketing is basically a combination of old and new marketing tools.

b. Influencer marketing takes celebrity endorsement ideas and wraps them up in

modern, content-driven marketing campaigns.

c. Influencer marketing doesn't just affect celebrities. Instead, it revolves around

influencers.

d. All these answers are correct.

a. This phenomenon is essentially the idea that people copy the behavior of

others to try to imitate their behavior in specific situations.

b. This phenomenon is essentially the idea that people do not copy the behavior

of others.

c. It is a metrics which states that 91 % of shoppers read reviews online before

purchasing a product from the business.

d. None of these answers is correct.

a. They are both the same.

b. Corporate Designs includes visual and verbal staging of the brand and helps

make your company's identity and values visible.

c. Reviews are commonly published on third-party sites. Testimonials, on the

other hand, are generated with the aid of clients by the company itself.

d. None of these answers is correct.

a. Cloud storage

b. Desktop storage

c. LAN connection

d. Web design

a. Database architecture design

b. Collaboration and communication features to collectively manage documents

c. File synchronization and cloud backup

d. Enterprise content management

a. Broad knowledge about internet facing technologies

b. Increases the awareness of mistakes in knowledge generation

c. Practical communication and cognitive skills

d. Logical order of information transfer

a. Digital meetings and interactions

b. Online course design and evaluation

c. Cloud based storage

d. Application integration to online learning tools

a.Webmail, calendaring, contact management, tasks services

b.Document storage, knowledge-base access, business analytics

c.Graph functionality, storage synchronization, personal cloud service

d.File hosting service, document collaboration, storage utility

a. Power Apps

b. Outlook

c. MS Office

d. SharePoint/OneDrive

a. Quality of learning and developing knowledge

b. Thinking skills and generic science and cognition capacity

c. Problem-based learning, discovery learning, and inquiry learning

d. Familiarity with collaborative devices

a. Business and collaboration tools that can assist in project-based learning

b. Technical literacy with Microsoft subscription plans

c. Pupil literacy and communication impulses

d. Significant amounts of data via a cloud-enabled database

a. create a team in Teams

b. circulate group emails

c. open a WhatsApp group

d. install MS Office

a. Various legal, information management, and process requirements in organizations

b. Synchronization of Microsoft products to enable a ‘personal cloud’

c. Files from a web browser after uploading them to cloud storage

d. Encrypted/information rights managed via synchronization

a. Publicly shared files

b. Site collection administrators

c. Microsoft 365 business account

d. A cloud-based file hosting service

a. Sony PlayStation

b. Android iOS

c. Netflix

d. Linux

a. Microsoft Word, Excel, and PowerPoint

b. Sharepoint, BingNews, PowerBI

c. MacOS, Windows Phone, Xbox

d. Powershell, PowerBI, Excel

a. Text, emojis, GIFs and custom-made image macros.

b. Audio modulation and video resolution settings.

c. Keylog authentication and biometric verification.

d. Ad-hoc groups using VoIP.

a. Retailers automatically signal replenishment orders to manufacturers

b. Modern shipping allows for the distribution of manufacturing equipment world-wide

c. Advances in modern air freight enables faster transportation of goods

d. A military term used to describe conditions for emergency resupply of combat units

a. tacit, implicit, and explicit

b. strategic, tactical, local

c. smart, basic, dumb

d. first tier, second tier, third tier

a. an internet connection

b. the instructor’s login information

c. the server room

d. the classroom

a. statistical software, database, financial reports

b. weather forecasts, transportation mapping application, flight plan

c. data mining, correlation, and pattern recognition software

d. consumer sentiment analysis, social media application, predictive analytics

a. Stringent deadlines and harsh penalties for failure

b. Restructuring of corporate leadership

c. Increased organizational learning and collaboration

d. Increased organizational leadership and oversight

a. Software for teachers and instructional staff

b. Learning processes and online classroom environments

c. Content produced by online sources

d. Social media networks dedicated to education and journalism

a. Managing the communication between employees and the organization’s resources

b. Governing the distribution of resources that employees need to perform their function

c. Overseeing the relationship of an organization with its employees

d. Ensuring the subservience of employees to their employers

a. Performing key performance indicator tests on the departmental resources of an organization.

b. Collecting information about the activity and state of different divisions in the company

c. Enabling departmental managers to discuss their issues in a public setting

d. Reducing the amount of information sharing so each employee remains more focused on their own tasks.

a. Evidence, strategy

b. Rumors, insights

c. Data, decisions

d. Information, intelligence

a. Management of the enterprise’s relationship with consumers

b. Sentiment analysis regarding consumer market trends

c. Public evaluation of the enterprise’s business performance

d. Accounting for the profitability of customer relationships

a. Social engineering

b.Backdoor

c.Ransomware

d.Trojan horse

a.Malicious link

b.Worm

c.Botnet

d.Hybrid virus

a.Social engineering; malvertising

b.Adware; spyware

c.Shareware; malware

d.Adware; ransomware

a.Have a relevant function and be formally registered

b.To have been Certified in Emerging Technology (CET, 2021)

c.Safeguards information from loss through backup and recovery 

d.indicate that an individual possesses the knowledge and experience

a. Experienced security practitioners

b. Convicted cyber criminals

c. Anyone seeking a promotion in a business

d. The chief of information security

a.Many companies failed to take cyber threats seriously

b.Malicious actors have become smarter and more resilient than law enforcement

c.Cyber threats have become more sophisticated and harder to stop

d.People worked mostly from home and their computers were more vulnerable

a. Data citizens

b. Data subjects

c. Data collectors

d. Data processors

a.Technical advances in social engineering

b.Current trends in information protection and governance

c.Common digital property rights

d.Value of self-education and awareness concerning cyber threats

a.Used to gain an advantage during a friendly online gaming session

b.Performed with the permission of the target

c.It is always illegal

a. A minimum of 6 years of information security work within a 11 period, and 5 of those years need to be in management

b. A minimum of 3 years of information security work within a 10 period, and 2 of those 3 years need to be in management

c. A minimum of 4 years of information security work within a 8 period, and 2 of those 4 years need to be in management

d. A minimum of 5 years of information security work within a 10 period, and 3 of those 5 years need to be in management

a. Voice over internet protocol

b. Virtual oculus independent processor

c. Voice outside individual processor

d. Valuable overflow information protocol

a. A new type of massive multiplayer gaming experience.

b. the collective virtual experience that is expected to revolutionize digital interactions.

c. A revolution in internet banking similar to blockchain.

d. A new social media platform that is expected to replace Facebook.

a. The semantic web

b. The dynamic web

c. Participative social web

d. The specialized web

a. Germany

b. United States

c. China

d. India

a. The dominant share of global IP data center traffic

b. The movement of digital information through exchange nodes

c. The new role of the user in media literacy

Page 20ICT Trends and Innovation

d. The most common type of electronic communication

a. Supervision to ensure adequate workflow

b. Cloud service connectivity and access

c. Legislative support

d. Robust protection from cyber-attacks

a. Existing mechanisms by which digital data travels

b. A component of government sponsored internet access

c. The utility for standardized web browsing

d. One of the first types of electronic communication

a. a frame of reference for investing in a set of practices that improve the quality and resilience of business-critical systems.

b. a unique programmable blockchain app designed for decentralized health-care

monitoring.

c. AI-driven representations of the human mindset.

d. observable data in a highly orchestrated and integrated approach to business.

a. A unique login method intended to secure access to the ‘metaverse’

b. A set of tools, capabilities and processes developed by subject matter experts

c. a blockchain-based digital item that publicly proves ownership of digital assets

d. A government sponsored digital currency pegged to the US federal reserve

a. enterprise-wide service support that reduce the need for physical business functions

b. systems that provide robust protection from cyber threats

c. ‘invisible computing devices’

d. Investments expected to reduce the energy consumption needs of IT products and services