the light sensitive chemical in the rods.

light sensitive chemicals in the cones.

How much percent of light sensitive pigment can be found in the Outer Segment of rod projects

is present in both cytoplasm of the rods, and in the pigment layer of the retina.

occurs in any person with severe vitamin A deficiency.

converts light into an electrical signal and contains sensory pigments. It excites the nerve fibers of the eye

Wavelength of blue sensitive pigment

Wavelength of green sensitive Pigment

Rods wavelength

Wavelength of red cone

Receptor potential of the rods by light peaks at

Receptor potential in cones peak faster than rods: Monochromats have no cone photopigments and must rely entirely on rods for their vision. Unable to see any colors.

Most common cause for Night Blindness

No single wavelength of light corresponds to what color?

Black is not a positive Sensation:Esotropia – cranial nerve 3 damaged.

is the sensation produced by the absence of light

Purity or richness of a color

number of photons striking the eye

does not absorb visible light, but when it is bonded with 11-retinal to form rhodopsin

LACKS RED CONES

LACKS GREEN CONES

LACKS BLUE CONES

From the optic tracts to the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus

Pretectal nuclei in the midbrain

Superior colliculus, to

Ventral lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus

to the midbrain and base of the forebrain

direct transmission of visual signals into the visual cortex located in the occipital lobes

high-frequency oscillatory motions of the eye

aka flicks, small magnitude, fast eye movements that interspersed among slow drift

Called squint or cross-eye, means lack of fusion of the eyes in one or more of the visual coordinates: horizontal, vertical or rotational

IN ESOTROPIA WHAT CRANIAL NERVE IS DAMAGED?

IN EXOTROPIA WHAT CRANIAL NERVE IS DAMAGED

outside layer

middle layer, blood rich nutritive tunic and pigment prevents light from scattering

smooth muscle that contracts to adjust the shape of the lens

pigmented layer that gives eye color.

inside layer

most found towards the edges of the retina

thin layer of tissue that lines the back of the eyes on the inside. Located near the optic nerve, and it senses light and send images to the brain

is the amount of deflection of a ray of light that happens when traveling in a straight path through a transparent material.

The Refractive power of the eye is about

Speed of light in air

the ratio of the speed of light in air to the speed of light in the substance.

1 diopter is the ability to focus parallel light rays at a distance of

Accommodation Refractive power of the lens is

Refractive power can be increased to ? diopters by changing the shape of the lens – making it fatter

WHAT DO YOU CALL THE PROCESS WHERE THE LENS CHANGES SHAPE IN ORDER TO INCREASE ITS REFRACTIVE POWER

Accommodation is controlled by

as a person grows older, the lens grows larger and thicker and becomes far less elastic, partly because of progressive denaturation of the lens proteins.

Normal Vision

is a refractive error of the eye that causes the visual image in one plane to focus on a different distance from that of the plane at right angles.

Multiple focal points

Ciliary muscle is completely relaxed, as the light rays coming from distant objects are focused in front of the retina

Cloudy or opaque area or areas in the lens. In the early stage of cataract formation, the proteins in some of the lens fibers become denatured.

Is a measure of the ability of the eye to distinguish shapes and the details of objects at a given distance.

WHAT CHART IS USED TO TEST VISUAL ACUITY

HOW FAR SHOULD THE SNELLENS CHART BE

which maintains sufficient pressure in the eyeball to keep it distended

WHICH FLUID LIES IN FRONT OF THE EYES

Finally, it enters the ? which is like a drainage pipe for the eye, connecting to veins outside the eye.

AQUEOUS HUMOR passes through a mesh-like structure called

HOW STRONG IS THE INTEROCCULAR PRESSURE

It is a disease of the eye in which the intraocular pressure becomes pathogically high, sometimes rising acutely to 60 to 70 mm Hg

Pressures above ? can cause loss of vision when maintained for long periods.

produces lacrimal fluid or tears

drains Lacrimal fluid from eyes

provides passage of lacrimal fluid towards nasal cavity

empties lacrimal fluid into the nasal cavity

IF A PATIENTS EYE DRIFTS MEDIALLY WHAT MUSCLE IS WEAK

IF THE PATIENTS EYE IS STUCK IN THE LATERAL SIDE WHAT MUSCLE IS TENSE?