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Earth Science Semester 2 Review

Total questions: 128

Worksheet time: 3hrs 48mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

A _____________________ eclipse occurs  when  the  Moon passes into the  darkest part of the Earth’s shadow.

a)

Total Lunar Eclipse

b)

Moon Phases

c)

Lunar Eclipse

2.

During a solar eclipse...

a)

The sun is blocked by the moon

b)

The moon is blocked by the sun

c)

The Earth is blocked moon

3.

A lunar eclipse only happens during a ________ moon.

a)

New

b)

Full

c)

Crescent

d)

Gibbous

4.

A solar eclipse only happens during a ________ moon.

a)

New

b)

Full

c)

Crescent

d)

Gibbous

5.

What is the darkest inner part of the shadow cone called, where a total eclipse can be viewed?

a)

antumbra

b)

umbra

c)

penumbra

d)

gibbous

6.

The line up for a solar eclipse is: 

a)

Sun-Earth-Moon

b)

Sun-Moon-Earth

c)

Earth-Sun-Moon

d)

Earth-Moon-Mars

7.
What type of eclipse occurs when the moon doesn't completely cover the sun?
a)
partial solar eclipse
b)
total solar eclipse
c)
total lunar eclipse
d)
partial lunar eclipse
8.
lighter, outer part of the shadow
a)
penumbra
b)
umbra
9.

What factor limits the number of eclipses per year?

a)

Distance between the moon and the earth

b)

Tilt of the moon's orbit around the earth

c)

Distance between the earth and the sun

d)

Tilt of the earth's axis of rotation

10.
A wave with a large wavelength will have a ______ frequency and _____ energy
a)
high, low
b)
high, high
c)
low, high
d)
low, low
11.
Which section of the spectrum is the ONLY one we can see?
a)
X-rays
b)
Visible Light
c)
Gamma Rays
d)
Ultraviolet Rays
12.
Which has the SHORTEST wavelength and, therefore, the highest frequency/most energy
a)
Radio waves
b)
Ultraviolet Rays
c)
Gamma Rays
d)
X-rays
13.
Which section of the spectrum is the ONLY one we can see?
a)
X-rays
b)
Visible Light
c)
Gamma Rays
d)
Ultraviolet Rays
14.
As the frequency of an electromagnetic wave increases, the amount of energy in that wave...
a)
increases.
b)
decreases.
c)
stays the same.
15.
Which electromagnetic waves help doctors detect broken bones inside your body?
a)
gamma rays
b)
x-rays
c)
ultraviolet rays
16.
Galaxies are composed of (best answer)
a)
stars
b)
stars and gas
c)
stars, dust, and gas
d)
stars, dust, and gas held together by gravity
17.
The Milky Way Galaxy is a 
a)
spiral
b)
lenticular
c)
elliptical 
d)
irregular
18.
What type of galaxy is this?
a)
Spiral
b)
Elliptical
c)
Irregular
d)
Irrational
19.
Place these objects in order from smallest to largest.
a)
Planets, solar system, universe, galaxy
b)
Solar system, planets, galaxy, universe
c)
Planets, solar system, galaxy, universe
d)
Galaxy, solar system, planets, universe
20.
Which of the following is the largest?
a)
The Milky Way Galaxy
b)
A red giant star
c)
The moon
d)
Jupiter
21.
What type of galaxy is this?
a)
Spiral
b)
Elliptical
c)
Irregular 
d)
Irrational
22.
Our sun is located on one of the Spiral Galaxy arms.  
a)
True
b)
False
23.
What are galaxies held together by?
a)
Gravitational Attraction
b)
Stars
c)
Other galaxies
d)
Dust and Gas
24.
What are the the 3 types of galaxies?
a)
Spiral Galaxies, Regular Galaxies, and Lliptical Galaxies
b)
Spiral Galaxies, Irregular Galaxies, and Elliptical Galaxies
c)
 Milky Way, Elliptical Galaxies, and Spiral Galaxies
d)
Milky Way, Elliptical Galaxies, and Irregular Galaxies
25.

Which word below represents the phase located at number 3 in the diagram of the life cycle of a low mass star?

a)

Main Sequence

b)

Protostar/Nebula

c)

Planetary Nebula

d)

Red Giant

e)

White Dwarf

26.

Which word below represents the phase found at number 1 in the diagram of the life cycle of a low mass star?

a)

Main Sequence

b)

Protostar/

Nebula

c)

Planetary Nebula

d)

Red Giant

e)

White Dwarf

27.

A star is born when ___________ __________ begins.

a)

Nuclear Scale

b)

Nuclear Fusion

c)

Nuclear Heating

28.

An extremely hot ball of gas with hydrogen fusing into helium is a __________.

a)

Star

b)

Planet

c)

Balance

29.

Our Sun is in this phase:

a)

Red Giant

b)

Supernova

c)

Protostar

d)

Main Sequence

30.

The next phase our Sun will go into is:

a)

Supernova

b)

Red Giant

c)

Black Hole

d)

White Dwarf

31.

Most scientists believe the Big Bang Theory explains which of the following questions?

a)

How our planets and moons formed

b)

How our universe began

c)

How the sun turns hydrogen into helium

d)

How fast light travels through space

32.

Which statement is true?

a)

The galaxies are moving toward us.

b)

The galaxies are moving away from us.

c)

The universe remains static or unchanged in motion.

d)

None of the above

33.
How old do scientists think the Universe is?
a)
13.8 billion years old
b)
4.5 billion years old
c)
24,000 years old
d)
5 years old
34.

Where is the center of the universe located?

a)

There is no center of the universe.

b)

At the center of the Milky Way galaxy.

c)

14.5 billion light years away from Earth.

d)

In a large singularity near the Andromeda Galaxy.

35.
What forces cause a planet to orbit?
a)
gravity and orbit
b)
gravity and inertia
c)
gravity and mass
d)
gravity and weight
36.
What would happen to the planets in the solar system if the sun’s gravitational force were to suddenly disappear?
a)
They will stop moving and become static.
b)
They will stop spinning.
c)
They will fly away in straight lines.
d)
They will start moving toward the Sun
37.

How is a theory different from a guess? Choose the best answer.

a)

a theory cannot be disproven; a guess can be

b)

a theory is backed up by hard evidence; a guess is not

c)

a theory is agreed upon by scientists; a guess is only agreed upon by laypeople

d)

a theory is usually very old; a guess is usually very new

38.

What was contained in the singularity that gave rise to the Big Bang? Choose the best answer.

a)

gamma rays

b)

electrons in a highly excited state

c)

one atom of every known element in our universe

d)

all the mass, energy, and time in the universe

39.

Which of the following are Non-Renewable energy resources? (Check all that apply.)

a)

coal

b)

wind

c)

solar

d)

nuclear

40.

One advantage of solar and wind power over fossil fuels is that

a)

wind and solar are presently much less expensive than fossil fuels.

b)

wind and solar come from natural processes and fossil fuels do not.

c)

wind and solar are nonrenewable resources and fossil fuel are renewable.

d)

wind and solar are continuously renewable and fossil fuels take millions of years to be formed.

41.

Renewable or Nonrenewable: Coal

a)

Renewable

b)

Nonrenewable

42.

Renewable or Nonrenewable: Natural Gas

a)

nonrenewable

b)

renewable

43.

Renewable or Nonrenewable: Oil

a)

Nonrenewable

b)

Renewable

44.

Renewable or Nonrenewable: Sunlight

a)

Renewable

b)

Nonrenewable

45.

Renewable or Nonrenewable: Water

a)

Nonrenewable

b)

Renewable

46.

Renewable or Nonrenewable: Wind

a)

Renewable

b)

Nonrenewable

47.

This energy is from moving air.

a)

Wind Energy

b)

Geothermal Energy

c)

Fossil Fuel Energy

d)

Biofuel

48.

This is electrical energy that comes from the force of energy of moving water. It is the most widely used type of renewable energy.

a)

Coal

b)

Hydroelectric Power

c)

Wind Energy

d)

Geothermal Energy

49.

This is a liquid fuel derived from plant materials.

a)

wind energy

b)

biofuel (from biomass)

c)

geothermal energy

d)

solar energy

50.

This is the energy generated in the Earth's core and produces steam and hot water.

a)

Solar Energy

b)

Hydroelectric Power

c)

Fossil Fuels

d)

Geothermal

51.

Fossil Fuels produce carbon dioxide that pollutes the atmosphere.

a)

Advantage

b)

Disadvantage

52.

Biomass requires a lot of space.

a)

Advantage

b)

Disadvantage

53.

*Choose all that apply* What are benefits of photosynthesis?

a)

It makes food that plants and animals can use for energy

b)

It changes light energy from the sun into a form that can be used by living things

c)

It changes carbon into a form that can be used by living things

54.

Humans burn fossil fuels and wood, releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. This carbon dioxide is then absorbed by trees for photosynthesis. These processes are contributory to which chemical cycle?

a)

The carbon cycle

b)

The water cycle

c)

The nitrogen cycle

d)

The phosphorous cycle

55.

How does the human body return carbon to the atmosphere in the carbon cycle?

a)

Waste products

b)

Photosynthesis

c)

Cellular respiration

d)

Formation of glucose

56.

In the carbon cycle, animals can release carbon back into the cycle through __________ or through __________.

a)

burning . . . photosynthesis

b)

fixation . . . decomposition

c)

decomposition . . . photosynthesis

d)

respiration . . . decomposition

e)

respiration . . . photosynthesis

57.

Which of the following is an example of human impact on the carbon cycle?

a)

The increased production of methane gases from cattle farms

b)

The burning of fossil fuels

c)

The cutting down of trees for lumber

d)

Driving automobiles

e)

All of the above

58.

If a forest fire occurs, what will happen to the carbon in the forest?

a)

It will go into the soil

b)

It will go into the atmosphere

c)

It will runoff into nearby streams and rivers

d)

It will be destroyed

59.

What kind of organism takes out the most carbon from the atmosphere?

a)

Plants

b)

Bacteria

c)

Animals

d)

Humans

60.

How does fertilizer affect the ecosystem?

a)

the bacteria reproduce quicker

b)

causes increase in rain, thereby increasing flooding of ponds and lakes

c)

create large algae blooms in the water

d)

cause the nitrogen fixing bacteria in the soil to be more productive

61.

Burning fossil fuels provides a main source of energy in many parts of the world. Which is a disadvantage of using fossil fuels?

a)

The burning of fossil fuels can form greenhouse gases.

b)

Fossil fuels can be used in the production of plastics.

c)

The burning of fossil fuels is used to power automobiles.

d)

Fossil fuels can be found at shallow depths underground.

62.
T/F: Some greenhouse gases are naturally present in the Earth's atmosphere
a)
True
b)
False
63.
The warming of the atmosphere by the trapping of heat being radiated to space is called
a)
evaporation
b)
condensation
c)
the greenhouse effect
d)
radiation
64.
Consequences of climate change include:
a)
Stronger hurricanes
b)
Increased flooding
c)
Frequent droughts
d)
All of the above
65.
Over the past 200 years, the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has
a)
decreased slightly.   
b)
increased until recently, and then decreased.
c)
increased steadily.   
d)
stayed about the same.
66.

How does the Earth keep itself warm?

a)

Sunlight keeps the Earth warm.

b)

There are heat lamps orbitting above the Earth's atmosphere.

c)

The greenhouse gases trap the warm air and send it back to the Earth's surface.

67.
1.  Certain gases in the atmosphere – water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide – help maintain the Earth’s temperatures and climate. These are called: __________ . 
a)
A.  ozone gases
b)
A.  solar gases
c)
A.  greenhouse gases 
d)
A.  stomach gases
68.

A climate zone is

a)

Something on the air conditioner in my house

b)

An area/region that shares the same climate features

c)

A special defense in basketball

d)

Something I should have learned in Global Issues with Mr. Matt, but I was too busy updating my status on Instagram!

69.
Antarctica is cold all the time. What is it's climate?
a)
Tropical
b)
Polar
c)
Arid/Dry
d)
Temperate
70.
What are the 3 major climate zones in order from equator to the poles?
a)
polar, temperate, tropical
b)
tropical, temperate, polar
c)
temperate, polar, tropical
71.
Which sentence best describes the relationship between elevation and air temperatures?
a)
LOWER elevation = COLDER temperatures
b)
HIGHER elevation = COLDER temperatures
c)
HIGHER elevations = WARMER temperatures
72.
The temperature of a tropical climate is?
a)
consistently warm
b)
consistently cool
c)
consistently moderate
d)
warm and cool
73.
A temperate climate is?
a)
consistently cool
b)
consistently warm
c)
consistently moderate
d)
warm and cool
74.
A polar climate is?
a)
warm and cool
b)
consistently moderate
c)
consistently cool
d)
consistently warm
75.

This biome is found around the equator and is home to a large amount of biodiversity (most types of species in one place).

a)
Deserts
b)
Tropical Rain Forests
c)

Temperate Forest

d)

Taiga

76.

A deciduous tree drops its leaves to

a)

keep predators from eating them

b)

conserve water

c)

to keep them from freezing

d)

to keep them from blowing away in the winter winds

77.

Trees that are cone-bearing and they have needle instead of leaves.

a)

Climate

b)

Rainforest

c)

Coniferous Tree

d)

Forest Biome

78.

A forest that gets a lot of rain, more than 200 centimeters a year.

a)

Climate

b)

Rainforest

c)

Coniferous Tree

d)

Forest Biome

79.

The factor causing biomes to be different.

a)

Climate

b)

Rainforest

c)

Coniferous Tree

d)

Forest Biome

80.

Desert plants that possess needles instead of leaves.

a)

desert

b)

biome

c)

adaptation

d)

cacti

81.

A biome that receives less than 25 centimeters of rain a year.

a)

desert

b)

biome

c)

adaptation

d)

cacti

82.

What will happen to the warm water in this lab?

a)

the warm water will stay at the bottom

b)

the warm water will move upwards

83.

Why does the warm water move upwards?

a)

it is more dense

b)

it is less dense

84.

What 2 factors both affect the density of ocean water?

a)

temperature and the sun

b)

temperature and ice

c)

temperature and salinity

d)

salinity and ice

85.

How can fresh water dilute salt water to make it less salty?

a)

evaporation

b)

river pouring into the ocean

c)

formation of ice in ocean water

86.

Hot water has what type of density?

a)

Low

b)

High

87.

Cold water has what type of density?

a)

Low

b)

High

88.

Water with high salinity has what type of density?

a)

Low

b)

High

89.

What is the definition of salinity?

a)

The temperature of water.

b)

The measure of salt in water.

c)

The amount of water in the ocean.

d)

The amount of evaporation taking place.

90.

Check all of the ways salinity can increase.

a)

Ocean water freezing near the poles.

b)

Fresh water entering the ocean via runoff.

c)

Precipitation occurring over the ocean mixing the rain and ocean water together.

d)

High amounts of ocean water evaporating near the equator.

e)

Rain entering a freshwater lake.

91.

Check all of the ways salinity can decrease.

a)

Ocean water freezing near the poles.

b)

Fresh water entering the ocean via runoff.

c)

Precipitation occurring over the ocean mixing the rain and ocean water together.

d)

High amounts of ocean water evaporating near the equator.

e)

Rain entering a freshwater lake.

92.

The movement of deep, cold, nutrient filled water to the surface of the ocean is..

a)

Ocean Current

b)

Upwelling

c)

Deep Currents

d)

Surface Currents

93.

Why is upwelling important?

a)

Upwelling regulates ocean temperature

b)

Upwelling provides nutrient rich water that sustains life

c)

Upwelling controls the tides

d)

Upwelling helps sailors to navigate the seas

94.
Two types of ocean currents are
a)
local and global
b)
sea and land
c)
surface and deep
d)
warm and cold
95.
Currents that occur at or near the surface of the ocean are called 
a)
Deep Currents
b)
Convection Currents
c)
Surface Currents
d)
Wave Currents
96.
What are tides?
a)
More water filling up the ocean
b)
The rising and falling of the water on the earth surface
c)
Jupiter orbiting the moon
d)
Waves in the oceans 
97.
Air moves from _______ pressure to _______ pressure.
a)
Low, High
b)
High, Low
c)
Warm, Cold
d)
Cold, Warm
98.

Which one drifts freely in the ocean (doesn't move against the current)?

a)

Nekton

b)

Benthos

c)

Plankton

99.

Which one can move against currents?

a)

Plankton

b)

Nekton

c)

Benthos

100.

Which lives at the top of the ocean, or as far down as the sun can penetrate?

a)

Nekton

b)

Plankton

c)

Benthos

101.

Which one lives at the very bottom of the ocean?

a)

Nekton

b)

Plankton

c)

Benthos

102.

How do benthos move in the ocean?

a)

They drift freely in the currents.

b)

They walk along the ocean floor.

c)

They swim against currents.

d)

They don't move, they only stay in one spot.

103.
Which light zone contains the majority of marine animals? 
a)

photic, or neretic (coastal) or epipelagic

b)

benthic

c)

aphotic

d)

pelagic zones

104.
The word "pelagic" is at the ending of the zones we are studying. What does "pelagic" mean? 
a)
relating to a type of dolphin
b)
it means blue 
c)
relating to a type of turtle
d)
relating to the open sea
105.
As oceans become deeper, the water pressure ___________________.
a)
increases
b)
decreases
c)
stays the same
106.

What converts nitrogen gas into a usable form for plants and animals?

a)

bacteria

b)

rain

c)

fungi

d)

car exhaust

107.

The process in which nitrogen circulates and is recycled is called

a)

The nitrogen cycle

b)

The carbon cycle

c)

The water cycle

d)

The phosphorus cycle

108.

Organisms that need nitrogen to survive.

a)

only plants

b)

only animals

c)

only bacteria

d)

all living things

109.

In respiration, what is consumed, and what is produced?

a)

CO2, oxygen

b)

CO2, energy

c)

Oxygen, CO2

d)

Oxygen, energy

110.

Identify the two processes that assist carbon through ecosystems.

a)

evaporation and condensation

b)

photosynthesis and respiration

c)

photosynthesis and evaporation

d)

condensation and respiration

111.

The amount of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere has increased by about 39% since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. Plants and oceans have been able to absorb about 55% of this extra carbon dioxide. Which statement best describes what has happened to the other 45% of the carbon dioxide?

a)

It has moved out of Earth's atmosphere, into space.

b)

It has stayed in Earth's atmosphere, acting as a greenhouse gas.

c)

It has been absorbed by precipitation and fallen to the ground as acid rain.

d)

It has been absorbed by hardening lava flows and newly formed sedimentary rocks.

112.

The sun core is primarily made of two gases that interact in nuclear fusion.

These gases are Hydrogen and (a)   .

113.

Earth's twin planet in terms of size is:

a)
Mercury
b)
Neptune
c)
Venus
d)
Pluto
114.

Which terms describe the composition of the inner planets?

a)

rocky

b)

gaseous

c)

water

d)

solid

115.

Which term describes the composition of the outer planets?

a)

rocky

b)

solid

c)

water

d)

gaseous

116.

A large space rock that orbits the sun is called?

a)

Asteroid

b)

Comet

c)

Meteor

d)

Meteorite

117.

Which of the following is NOT a terrestrial planet?

a)

Mercury

b)

Venus

c)

Uranus

d)

Mars

118.

Which of the following is NOT a gas giant?

a)

Jupiter

b)

Saturn

c)

Venus

d)

Neptune

119.

This planet rotates counterclockwise

(a)  

120.

Light is a _____ wave

a)

transverse

b)

converse

c)

block

d)

water

121.
In nuclear fusion, smaller atoms are forced together to create larger atoms. Does this process release, absorb or maintain energy?
a)
Absorb energy
b)
Maintain energy
c)
Release energy
122.

Which of the following best describes a comet?

a)

It is made of ice, rock, and dust.

b)

It is located between Mars and Jupiter

c)

It has a short elliptical orbit

d)

Comets are leftover fragments from the time when planets formed in the solar system.

123.

Which of the following best describes an asteroid?

a)

It is made of ice and dust

b)

It is also known as a "shooting star"

c)

It has a nucleus, coma, and tail

d)

It is a LARGE chunk of rock and metal

124.

A _____ bursts through Earth's atmosphere at very fast speeds and appears as a "shooting star".

a)

Meteoroid

b)

Meteorite

c)

Meteor

d)

Comet

125.

What are the leftover rock fragments called when the planets formed in our solar system?

a)

Comets

b)

Asteroids

c)

Meteors

d)

Shooting stars

126.

It is made of ice, dust, and small rocky particles.

a)

Comet

b)

Meteor

c)

Asteroid

127.

A meteorite is DIFFERENT from a comet mainly because a meteorite

a)

has a tail of ice and gas

b)

is found in orbit between Jupiter and Mars

c)

enters the Earth's atmosphere

d)

has a nucleus made of rock and snow

128.

What's the difference between meteoroid, meteor, and meteorite?

a)

Meteoroids are broken pieces of a comet, meteors are streaks of light in the sky, and a meteorite is the meteors that has landed

b)

Meteoroids are huge, Meteors are the pieces that land, and Meteorites are shooting stars

c)

There are no differences

d)

Meteoroids are small, Meteors are another name for comets, and Meteorites are shooting stars

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