The translator's intention is usually different from that of the author's intention

•  A dynamic sequence of events, with emphasis on verbs.

Static, with emphasis on linking verbs, adjectives, adjectival nouns

with emphasis on colloquialisms and phaticisms.

• A treatment of ideas, with emphasis on abstract nouns (concepts), verbs of thoughts, mental activity (‘consider’, ‘argue’, etc.) and logical arguments, and connectives

3 Readership typical types: Expert, the uneducated layman, the uninformed

This type belongs to which Stylistic Scales? => slang

This type belongs to which Stylistic Scales? => Colloquial

This type belongs to which Stylistic Scales? => Technical

According to KADE, translation methods refers to the overall strategy that a translator applies to a text as a whole

interlinear translation, with the TL immediately below the SL words

‘transfers’ cultural words and preserves the degree of grammatical and lexical “abnormality”

In Faithful Translation method, Words are translated out of context but uncompromising to TL

SL grammatical constructions => converted to their nearest TL equivalents

The SL word order => preserved

The words translated => singly, by their most common meanings, out of context

Cultural words => translated literally

The best translation theory that is close to SL

Great focus on aesthetic values of ST

Semantic Translation is less flexible than Faithful Translation

Attempt to render the exact contextual meaning of the original meaning

Prioritize the effectiveness of the message to be communicated

• (focuses on readability and naturalness)

Reproduce the “message” of the original

Prefer colloquialisms and idioms which do not exist in the original

=> distort nuances

• reproduce the matter without the manner, or the content without the form of the original 

• usually => a paraphrase => longer than the original 

The freest form of translation

Mainly used for play (comedies), poetry

"intralingual translation"

Often Prolix abd Pretentious, and not translation at all

Used for: informative translation, in-house publication

Outcome: lively, ‘natural’ translation

Semantic Translation => written at _____ linguistic level

Communicative Translation is freer than Semantic Translation

 The Scarlet Letter -> Nét Chữ Ô Nhục