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Earth Science Regents Review

Total questions: 85

Worksheet time: 1hrs 25mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Earth's inner core is inferred to be solid based on the analysis of

a)

seismic waves

b)

crustal rocks

c)

radioactive decay rates

d)

magnetic pole reversals

2.

The Coriolis effect occurs as a result of Earth's

a)

revolution

b)

rotation

c)

tilted axis

d)

magnetic field

3.

Compared to the oceanic crust, the continental crust is which of the following? [Hint: ESRT p. 11]

a)

less dense and more basaltic

b)

less dense and more felsic

c)

more dense and more granitic

d)

more dense and more mafic

4.

Earth's magnetic field has reversed itself several times during the past. This pattern of magnetic reversal is best preserved in

a)

metamorphic bedrock in mountain ranges

b)

bedrock with fossils containing radioactive carbon-14

c)

layers of sedimentary bedrock of the Grand Canyon

d)

igneous bedrock of the oceanic crust

5.

Which geologic feature is composed of the youngest crustal bedrock?

a)

Peru-Chile Trench

b)

Adirondack Mountains

c)

Mid-Atlantic Ridge

6.

Which major geographic province does Elmira belong to? [Hint: ESSRT pages 8 & 10]

a)

Allegheny Plateau

b)

Erie-Ontario Lowlands

c)

The Catskills

d)

Tug Hill Plateau

7.

Under identical conditions, which surface will reflect the greatest amount of insolation?

a)

a basaltic sand beach

b)

a pine tree forest

c)

a glacial ice sheet

d)

a blacktop parking lot

8.

Which form of electromagnetic energy has the longest wavelength? [Hint: ESRT p. 3]

a)

Visible Spectrum

b)

Microwaves

c)

UV (Ultraviolet) rays

d)

Infrared

9.

Which of the following resources could be found near Plattsburg, NY? [Hint: ESSRT page 9]

a)

Oil Fields

b)

Large Gas Fields

c)

Cement

d)

Carbonate Rock

10.

Most of which type of electromagnetic radiation is given off by Earth's surface at night?

a)

gamma rays

b)

ultraviolet light

c)

visible light

d)

infrared rays

11.

Which mineral crystallizes at the highest temperature? [Hint: ESRT p. 13]

a)

Quartz

b)

Amphibole

c)

Sodium-rich Potassium Feldspar

d)

Olivine

12.

Hurricane season in the North Atlantic Ocean officially begins in June and ends in November. Which ocean surface conditions are responsible for the development of hurricanes?

a)

warm water temperatures and high evaporation rates

b)

warm water temperatures and low evaporation rates

c)

cool water temperatures and high evaporation rates

d)

cool water temperatures and low evaporation rates

13.

Deforestation increases the greenhouse effect on Earth because deforestation causes the atmosphere to contain

a)

more oxygen, which absorbs infrared radiation

b)

more carbon dioxide, which absorbs infrared radiation

c)

less carbon dioxide, which absorbs short-wave radiation

d)

less oxygen, which absorbs short-wave radiation

14.

Compared to dull and rough rock surfaces, shiny and smooth rock surfaces are most likely to cause sunlight to be

a)

scattered

b)

reflected

c)

absorbed

d)

refracted

15.

Most of the general bedrock in the Adirondacks is (ESRT Pg. 10 & 8)

a)

igneous

b)

sedimentary

c)

metamorphic

d)

molten

16.

The only dinosaur fossils found in New York State are footprints found on 210-million-yearold bedrock. In which New York State landscape region were these dinosaur fossils found? [Hint: ESRT p. 6, p. 8, p. 10]

a)

Tug Hill Plateau

b)

Allegheny Plateau

c)

Adirondack Mountains

d)

Newark Lowlands

17.

At which plate boundary is one lithospheric plate sliding under another? (Hint: ESRT Pg. 12)

a)

Nazca Plate and Antarctic Plate

b)

Nazca Plate and Pacific Plate

c)

Indian-Australian Plate and Antarctic Plate

d)

Pacific Plate and Indian-Australian Plate

18.

Which igneous rock contains the minerals plagioclase feldspar, olivine, and pyroxene? (Hint: ESRT Pg. 13)

a)

Rhyolite

b)

Granite

c)

Gabbro

d)

Diorite

19.

The inferred slow circulation of the plastic mantle is by a process called

a)

insolation

b)

convection

c)

conduction

d)

radiation

20.
An INTRUSIVE igneous rock with large crystals is formed:
a)
When magma cools quickly. 
b)
At the bottom of the ocean. 
c)
When magma cools slowly, allowing time for crystals to grow. 
d)
At the top of a mountain. 
21.
Which will most likely form when movement along a plate boundary forces a landmass to be pulled apart? 
a)
volcanic island arc
b)
continental mountains
c)
continental rift
d)
oceanic trench 
22.
What feature is labeled B in Figure 9-1?
a)
trench
b)
ocean ridge
c)
Volcanic Island Arc
d)
Continental Volcanic Arc
23.
The major greenhouse gas(es)
a)
carbon dioxide and water vapor
b)
aerosols/CFC's
c)
manure
d)
sulfur dioxide
24.
The hydrosphere covers approximately what percentage of Earth’s lithosphere?
a)
100%
b)
70%
c)
50% 
d)
25% 
25.
Earth’s rate of revolution is approximately
a)
1° per day
b)
15° per day
c)
23.5° per day
d)
360° per day
26.
Which planet has a density that is less than the density of liquid water?
a)
Mercury
b)
Earth
c)
Mars 
d)
Saturn 
27.

Which of the following rocks is a sedimentary rock? (Hint: ESSRT page 14)

a)

Basalt

b)

Limestone

c)

Schist

d)

Gneiss

28.
The map shows a stream. Letters A, B, C, and D represent locations on the stream surface. Arrows represent the direction of stream flow.  Which two locations have the greatest stream velocities?
a)
A and B
b)
B and C
c)
C and D
d)
D and A
29.
What would most likely reduce the amount of runoff at location B?
a)
infiltration occurring faster than precipitation
b)
greater condensation than evaporation
c)
saturated soil below the land surface
d)
a frozen land surface
30.
The downward movement of water from location A will usually be greatest when the soil is
a)
nonporous and the particles are uniformly small in size
b)
nonporous and the particles are uniformly large in size
c)
porous and the particles are uniformly small in size
d)
porous and the particles are uniformly large in size
31.
The greatest amount of transpiration and evaporation will occur most likely when the air temperature is
a)
low and the humidity is low
b)
low and the humidity is high
c)
high and the humidity is low
d)
high and the humidity is high
32.

Which of the following Epochs occurred during the Paleogene Period? (Hint: ESSRT Pg. 6)

a)

Holocene

b)

Epoch 2

c)

Ludlow

d)

Eocene

33.

What is the time in Boston when it is 11 am in San Diego?

a)

8 am

b)

2 pm

c)

3 pm

d)

noon

34.

If the same two elements were detected in a distant star that was moving away from Earth, how would the spectral lines appear?

a)

The entire set of spectral lines would shift toward the red end.

b)

The entire set of spectral lines would shift toward the blue end.

c)

The spectral lines of the shorter wavelengths would move closer togetehr.

d)

The spectral lines of the longer wavelengths would move closer together.

35.

What table correctly matches each type of eclipse with the orbital position of the Moon and cause of each eclipse?

a)

b)

c)

d)

36.

Which lettered dot best indicates the geologic time when humans first appeared on Earth?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

37.

Compared to our solar system, the universe is

a)

younger, smaller, and contains fewer stars

b)

younger, larger, and contains more stars

c)

older, smaller, and contains fewer stars

d)

older, larger, and contains more stars

38.

What is the approximate location of the highest point in NYS, Mt. Marcy? (Hint: ESRT Pg. 8)

a)

44oN 74oW

b)

44oS 74oE

c)

74oN 44oW

d)

74oS 44oE

39.

Which motion allows an observer on Earth to view different constellations throughout the year?

a)

Earth orbiting the Sun

b)

constellations orbiting Earth

c)

Earth orbiting the constellations

d)

constellations orbiting the Sun

40.

Which of the following sediments form the sedimentary rock, shale? (Hint: ESRT Pg. 14)

a)

Cobbles

b)

Sand

c)

Silt

d)

Clay

41.

The Coriolis effect, which causes the curving of planetary winds, is a direct result of the

a)

distance between Earth and the Sun

b)

inclination of Earth's axis

c)

orbiting of Earth around the Sun

d)

spinning of Earth on its axis

42.

Which two plates are separating at a rate 4.9cm/yr? (Hint: ESRT Pg. 12)

a)

Indian-Australian and Antarctic Plates

b)

Indian-Australian and African Plates

c)

Nazca and Pacific Plate

d)

Eurasian and North American Plate

43.

What is indicated by the line labeled X?

a)

watershed

b)

water table

c)

impermeable bedrock

d)

impermeable soil

44.

Which index fossil in sedimentary surface bedrock most likely indicates that a marine environment once existed in the region where the sediments were deposited? (Hint: ESRT Pg. 6 & 7)

a)

Mammoth

b)

Mucrospirifer

c)

Giant Beaver

d)

Atreipus

45.

Which Earth surface would most likely absorb the greatest amount of insolation on a sunny day if all of these surfaces have equal areas?

a)

blacktop parking lot

b)

white sand beach

c)

surface of a calm lake

d)

snow covered mountain slope

46.

Which lettered rock layer is the youngest

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

47.

Earth's crustal bedrock at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is composed mostly of

a)

basalt, with a density of 2.7 g/cm3

b)

basalt, with a density of 3.0 g/cm3

c)

granite, with a density of 2.7 g/cm3

d)

granite, with a density of 3.0 g/cm3

48.

The result of this glacial action will be a

a)

U-shaped valley with scratched grooved bedrock

b)

U-shaped valley with well-sorted, rounded sediment

c)

V-shaped valley with scratched and grooved bedrock

d)

V-shaped valley with well-sorted, rounded sediment

49.

The surface wind circulation pattern around the center of this storm system is

a)

inward and clockwise

b)

inward and counterclockwise

c)

outward and clockwise

d)

outward and counterclockwise

50.

Which list correctly identifies the energy transfer between A, B and C

a)

A- Conduction, B-Convection, C-Ratiation

b)

A- Convection, B- Radiation, C- Conduction

c)

A- Convection, B- Conduction, C- Radiation

d)

A- Conduction, B- Radiation, C- Convection

51.

The diagrams below represent the constellations seen by an observer in New York State while looking toward the southern horizon at midnight on July 9 and January 8.

Which motion is mainly responsible for the difference in the constellations visible at midnight on these two dates?

a)

The Sun orbits Earth

b)

Earth orbits the Sun

c)

The stars in the constellations orbit Earth

d)

Earth orbits the stars in the constellations

52.

Planets that are closest to the Sun are identified as (Hint: ESSRT Pg. 2)

a)

low-density jovian planets

b)

low-density terrestrial planets

c)

high-density jovian planets

d)

high-density terrestrial planets

53.

Which graph best shows the general relationship between air pressure and altitude?

a)
b)
c)
d)
54.

Most clouds form in the atmosphere when moist

air

a)

rises, expands and cools to the dewpoint

b)

rises, expands, and warms to the dewpoint

c)

sinks, compresses and cools to the dewpoint

d)

sinks, compresses and warms to the dew point

55.

Which type of rock results from melting and cooling of magma? (Hint: ESRT Pg. 14)

a)
Igneous
b)
Metamorphic
c)
Sedimentary
56.

Which type of rock forms from extreme heat and pressure? (Hint: ESRT Pg. 14)

a)
Igneous
b)
Sedimentary
c)
Metamorphic
57.
Wind, water, and ice breaking down rock is called
a)
Erosion
b)
Deposition
c)
Compaction
d)
Weathering
58.

For the Southern Hemisphere, the seasons are the opposite of the Northern Hemisphere.

a)

True

b)

False

59.

In what type of rock are most fossils found?

a)

Igneous

b)

Metamorphic

c)

Sedimentary

60.

Which map shows the most likely track of this hurricane?

a)
b)
c)
d)
61.

Which layer of Earth is a liquid? (Hint: Pg. 11)

a)

Outer Core

b)

Crust

c)

Mantle

d)

Inner Core

62.

Which weather station model indicates the greatest probability of precipitation?

a)
b)
c)
d)
63.

Which station model shows an air temperature of 75°F and a barometric pressure of 996.3 mb? (Hint: ESRT Pg.18)

a)

b)

c)

d)

64.
A Foucault pendulum appears to change its directions of swing because Earth
a)
is tilted on its axis
b)
is spinning on its axis
c)
has a curved surface
d)
has a density of 5.5 g/cm3
65.

Sedimentary rock forms by this process (Hint: ESRT Pg. 14)

a)

Compaction and cementation

b)

Heat and pressure

c)

Cooling of magma

d)

Weathering and erosion

66.
A major piece of evidence supporting the Big Bang Theory and the expansion of the universe is the observation of wavelengths of stars in distant galaxies show a
a)
red shift and are moving away
b)
red shift and moving towards
c)
blue shift and moving away
d)
blue shift and moving towards
67.

Which of the following stars will eventually go supernova? (Hint: ESSRT Pgs. 4 and 5)

a)

Vega

b)

Deneb

c)

Sirius B

d)

Bellatrix

68.
Which location is most likely experiencing the greatest wind speeds? 
a)
Location A
b)
Location B
c)
Location C
d)
Location D
69.

At which location is the altitude of Polaris approximately 42°? (Hint: ESSRT Pg. 8; Altitude of Polaris = Observer's Latitude)

a)
Niagara Falls
b)
Elmira
c)
Watertown
d)
Massena
70.

What is the breakdown of the Earth’s crust into sediment called?

a)

Weathering

b)

Raining

c)

Erosion

d)

Whooshing

71.

What do flood plains, sandbars, and river deltas all have in common?

a)

They are formed by water erosion.

b)

They have been formed by glacial erosion.

c)

They have been formed by wind erosion.

d)

They have been formed by sandblasting.

72.

What is it called when weathered rock is carried away?

a)

Weathering

b)

Raining

c)

Erosion

d)

Breaking

73.

Close contour lines indicate

a)

steep slope

b)

gradual slope

74.

The diagrams below represent Earth’s ocean tides at four different positions of the Moon. Which diagram shows the Moon position that will produce the highest high tides and the lowest iow tides? (The diagrams are not drawn to scale.)

a)
b)
c)
d)
75.

According to the pattern shown on the given graph, the next high tide will occur on the following day at approximately:

a)

12:30 am

b)

4:00 am

c)

2:00 am

d)

3:13 am

76.

The diagram below represents the light spectra given off by the same element as observed under two different conditions. Spectrum A was observed when that element was heated in a laboratory. Spectrum B shows the same element as seen in the light from a distant star.

The light spectrum observed from this distant star shows a

a)

red shift, which indicates that the star is moving away from Earth

b)

red shift, which indicates that the star is moving toward the Earth

c)

blue shift, which indicates that the star is moving away from Earth

d)

blue shift, which indicates that the star is moving toward Earth

77.

Which weather instrument measures relative humidity?

a)
thermometer
b)
barometer
c)
anemometer
d)

sling psychrometer

78.

This weather instrument is used to measure air pressure in inches of mercury or millibars (mb). What is this weather instrument called?

a)
barometer
b)
anemometer
c)
sling psychrometer
d)
rain gauge
79.
Which condition usually means cloudy, stormy weather?
a)
high pressure
b)
low pressure
80.
What causes winds?
a)
differences in precipitation
b)
differences in humidity
c)
differences in air pressure
81.

During which geologic period did the index fossil, Cooksonia, live during? (Hint: ESSRT p. 6 & 7)

a)

Cretaceous

b)

Permian

c)

Silurian

d)

Devonian

82.

Which of the following rocks can be found within the Adirondack Mountains? (Hint: ESSRT p. 8 & 10)

a)

Gneiss

b)

Conglomerate

c)

Marble

d)

Quartzite

83.
How do stars generate energy?
a)
Fusion of hydrogen and helium atoms
b)
Fission of hydrogen and helium atoms
c)
Burning hydrogen
d)
Burning helium
84.
Planets orbit the Sun in a shape called a(n)
a)
circle
b)
ellipse
c)
focus
d)
perihelion
85.

Plants giving off moisture and releasing water into the air

a)

Precipitation

b)

Evaporation

c)

Transpiration

d)

Runoff

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