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Chapter 6

Total questions: 78

Worksheet time: 49mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What does species richness refer to?

a)

Total area of the habitat

b)

Average size of the species

c)

Number of different species in an area

d)

Number of individuals in a population

2.

Give an example of a high species richness ecosystem.

a)

Desert

b)

Coral reef

c)

Arctic tundra

d)

Tropical rainforest

3.

Explain the concept of species evenness in relation to species richness.

a)

Species evenness is the same as species richness.

b)

Species evenness refers to the total number of species in a community.

c)

Species evenness is the measure of how evenly distributed the abundance of each species is in a community, while species richness is the total number of different species present in that community.

d)

Species evenness measures the genetic diversity within a species.

4.

How does habitat destruction impact species richness?

a)

Habitat destruction has no impact on species richness.

b)

Habitat destruction only affects a few species, leaving species richness unaffected.

c)

Habitat destruction reduces available space and resources for species, leading to a decline in species richness.

d)

Habitat destruction increases available space and resources for species, leading to an increase in species richness.

5.

Discuss the role of conservation efforts in maintaining species richness.

a)

Species richness can be maintained without conservation efforts

b)

Conservation efforts have no impact on species richness

c)

Conservation efforts lead to a decrease in species richness

d)

Conservation efforts are essential for maintaining species richness by protecting habitats, preventing extinction, and promoting biodiversity.

6.

What are some methods used to measure species richness in a given area?

a)

Satellite imaging, Aerial photography, Soil sampling

b)

Quadrat sampling, Transect sampling, Mark-recapture techniques

7.

What is the primary cause of coral reef bleaching?

a)

Overfishing and pollution

b)

Changes in ocean temperature and acidity

c)

Excessive sunlight exposure

d)

Genetic mutations in coral species

8.

What is the primary difference between primary and secondary succession?

a)

Primary succession occurs on bare rock, while secondary succession occurs on soil.

b)

Primary succession is faster than secondary succession.

c)

Primary succession involves only plants, while secondary succession involves both plants and animals.

d)

Primary succession is reversible, while secondary succession is irreversible.

9.

Define the term 'keystone species' and provide an example.

a)

Keystone species are the most abundant species in an ecosystem.

b)

Keystone species are those that have a disproportionate effect on their environment relative to their abundance.

c)

Keystone species are always at the top of the food chain.

d)

Keystone species are only found in marine ecosystems.

10.

Explain the difference between a food chain and a food web.

a)

A food chain is a linear sequence of organisms where each species eats the next, while a food web is a complex network of interconnected food chains.

b)

A food chain is always more stable than a food web.

c)

A food web consists of only herbivores, while a food chain includes carnivores and omnivores.

d)

A food chain is limited to terrestrial ecosystems, while a food web includes both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

11.
Which is least likely to cause changes in global climate?
a)
a tsunami event
b)
an El Niño event
c)
a volcanic eruption
d)
radiation from solar flares
12.
Which form of water, when present in the atmosphere, is MOST likely to contribute to global warming?
a)
cloud
b)
rain
c)
vapor
d)
snow
13.
When a large meteor strikes Earth, environmental changes may result as dust particles scatter throughout the atmosphere. Which BEST describes how an increase in atmospheric particles would affect temperatures on the surface of Earth?
a)
Temperatures would increase because the particles would increase the greenhouse effect.
b)
Temperatures would increase because particles would trap the heat radiating from Earth at night.
c)
Temperatures would decrease because the particles would provide more substance for snow formation.
d)
Temperatures would decrease because the particles would absorb solar radiation before it could reach the surface of Earth.
14.
Visible light reaches Earth’s surface while infrared light is trapped as heat. Which characteristic of Earth’s atmosphere causes this to happen?
a)
the ozone hole
b)
the inversion layer
c)
the greenhouse effect
d)
the atmospheric continuum
15.
Volcanoes release several gases during eruptions. Which of these gases has been shown to cause significant cooling of the climate for one or more years after an eruption?
a)
water vapor
b)
sulfur dioxide
c)
carbon dioxide
d)
hydrogen fluoride
16.
El Niño and La Niña are sea-surface temperature changes that occur periodically. This graph shows how these events may affect hurricane landfalls in the U.S. The graph implies effects on which of these from El Niño and La Niña?
a)
solar intensity
b)
water infiltration
c)
soil moisture evaporation
d)
convection current intensity
17.
Earth’s ice sheets grow and retreat on a cycle of about 41,000 years. Which natural process is responsible for this cycle?
a)
the eccentricity of Earth’s orbit
b)
the wobble in Earth’s tilt on its axis
c)
the El Niño Southern Oscillation
d)
the changing size of the ozone hole
18.
The table below lists the greenhouse gases emitted in the United States in 2012.Increasing concentrations of these gases leads to increases in global atmospheric temperatures. Methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorinated gases all trap more heat than the same amount of carbon dioxide does. Why should people still focus their efforts on limiting carbon dioxide emissions?
a)
The other gases circulate more readily through the global atmosphere.
b)
Humans generate significantly more CO2 than they do the other gases.
c)
Atmospheric reactions convert large quantities of other gases into CO2.
d)
CO2 is responsible for increasing the size of the ozone hole over Antarctica.
19.
In the Sahara Desert of Africa, great sandstorms stir dust into the atmosphere where it travels west across the Atlantic Ocean. This dust can affect the chemical composition of water and soil, decrease air quality, and impact climate as far away as the Caribbean and Florida. Which is the MOST likely way Saharan dust impacts climate in southern Florida?
a)
Dust reflects solar radiation, cooling the surface.
b)
Dust absorbs moisture in the clouds, reducing rainfall.
c)
Dust decreases static discharge, preventing lightning storms.
d)
Dust slows airflow, causing weather systems to stall over land.
20.
Eruption of a large volcano on a tropical island releases ash and gases into the atmosphere. After the eruption, the air temperatures on the island cool temporarily before returning to normal. Which is the MOST likely reason for the temporary cooling of the island?
a)
Water vapor condenses and causes precipitation.
b)
Large particles of ash blanket the ground surface.
c)
Fine particles of atmospheric dust block sunlight.
d)
Carbon dioxide levels increase in the atmosphere.
21.
Which of the following BEST describes a change in Earth’s atmosphere made by early photosynthetic life?
a)
increased level of oxygen
b)
increased level of carbon dioxide
c)
decreased ability to support life
d)
decreased ability to transmit light
22.
Which difference between land and water contributes MOST directly to global climate change resulting from tectonic movement?
a)
mean material densities
b)
magnetic material content
c)
heat absorption and retention properties
d)
rate of radioactivity-related heat release
23.
Scientists believe continental drift over Earth’s geological history has had a significant impact on Earth’s cycles of warmer and cooler climates. Which statement describes a characteristic of Earth’s continents that is MOST likely to cause changes in global climate when continents drift?
a)
The location of the continent affects its surface reflectivity.
b)
Continental plate depth determines its specific heat.
c)
Continental drift absorbs large amounts of kinetic energy.
d)
The temperature of a continent is affected by its nearest ocean.
24.
When compared to current average conditions, which term would BEST describe conditions in Earth’s lower atmosphere if greenhouse gases were absent?
a)
denser
b)
cooler
c)
wetter
d)
cloudier
25.
El Niño y La Niña son cambios de temperatura de las superficies del mar que ocurren periódicamente. Esta gráfica muestra cómo estos acontecimientos pueden afectar los huracanes que entran en tierra en los EE.UU. ¿La gráfica insinúa los efectos en cuál de estas opciones de El Niño y La Niña?
a)
la intensidad solar
b)
la infiltración de agua
c)
la evaporación de la humedad del suelo
d)
la intensidad de convección de corriente
26.

What is the greenhouse effect?

a)

A natural process where gases trap heat in the atmosphere.

b)

A man-made process where gases trap heat in the atmosphere.

c)

A natural process where the ocean traps heat in the atmosphere.

d)

A man-made process where the ocean traps heat in the atmosphere.

27.

Which of these is NOT a greenhouse gas?

a)

Carbon Dioxide

b)

Nitrous Oxide

c)

Oxygen Gas

d)

Methane

28.

TRUE OR FALSE: The greenhouse effect is necessary for life on Earth.

a)

True

b)

False

29.

Which greenhouse gas contributes the most to the greenhouse effect?

a)

Carbon Dioxide

b)

Methane

c)

Water Vapor

d)

Nitrous Oxide

30.

What is the MOST significant way that humans contribute to the greenhouse effect?

a)

We do not contribute to the greenhouse effect.

b)

We burn fossil fuels.

c)

We practice animal agriculture.

d)

We make too much waste.

31.

In the past hundred years, the overall amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has...

a)

decreased

b)

stayed about the same

c)

increased

32.

Without the greenhouse effect, the Earth would be...

a)

colder.

b)

about the same.

c)

warmer.

33.

By adding more greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, humans are...

a)

decreasing the average temperature of Earth.

b)

not affecting the average temperature of Earth.

c)

increasing the average temperature of Earth.

34.

Select the two greenhouse gases that are MOST prevalent in the Earth's atmosphere.

a)

Carbon Dioxide

b)

Methane

c)

Water Vapor

d)

Nitrous Oxide

35.

TRUE OR FALSE: The "Ozone Layer" is a layer of ozone (O3) that protects the Earth from harmful UV radiation.

a)

True

b)

False

36.

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY: The consequences of man-made global warming includes...

a)

An increase in average temperature.

b)

More severe weather events.

c)

A rise in sea levels.

d)

People being displaced from their homes.

37.

Global warming and global cooling can occur...

a)

naturally.

b)

due to man-made causes.

c)

both of the above.

38.

This is a simple diagram of the greenhouse effect. According to this diagram, the energy first comes from...

a)

The Sun

b)

The Earth

c)

The Atmosphere

39.

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY: This is a graph produced by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). It tells us...

a)

that atmospheric carbon dioxide has massively increased since 1950.

b)

the independent variable is years before today.

c)

that atmospheric carbon dioxide is at its highest point in the past 800,000 years.

d)

the dependent variable is the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

40.

What is the direct cause of rising sea levels?

a)

Melting Sea Ice

b)

Melting Land Ice

c)

Climate Change

41.

Floating sea ice melts...

a)

and causes sea levels to rise because it adds water to the ocean.

b)

but does not cause sea levels to rise because the ice displaces the same amount of ocean water as the melted ice would displace.

42.

Melting land ice...

a)

causes sea levels to rise because it adds water to the ocean.

b)

does not cause sea levels to rise because the water fills the space left by the melted sea ice.

43.
Which of the following is the best conclusion that can be made from this graph?
a)
atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have been decreasing since 1960
b)
Hawaii has a lot of carbon dioxide
c)
humans have been working hard to decrease carbon dioxide levels
d)
atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have increased steadily since 1960
44.

Which of the following have been changed or altered due to climate change ?

a)

droughts

b)

flooding

c)

melting of polar ice caps

d)

all of the above

45.

The main human activity that releases greenhouse gases is

a)

using public transportation and there by reduce the affects of greenhouse gases.

b)

burning fossil fuels

c)

texting on cellphones

d)

eating meat

46.

Which of the following is contributing to an INCREASE in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

a)

deforestation

b)

photosynthesis

c)

oceans

d)

all of the above

e)

the loss of animal species

47.
 What is the greenhouse effect?
a)
The warming of a planet due to trapped radiation.
b)
The cooling of Earth due to air pollution.
c)
The heating of a solid, such as a rock.
48.
What gas from the list below is a cause for global warming?
a)
Urethane
b)
Oxygen
c)
Carbon Dioxide
49.
What do scientists think the effect will be of having more greenhouse gases in our atmosphere?
a)
More warming of the atmosphere
b)
More cooling of the atmosphere
c)
More air in the atmosphere
d)
Less air in the atmosphere
50.
What do humans do that releases greenhouse gases into the atmosphere?
a)
Burn fossil fuels (like gas and coal)
b)
Build cement buildings
c)
Ride bikes and use solar energy
d)
Compete in the Olympics
51.
T/F: Water vapor is a greenhouse gas
a)
True
b)
False
52.
T/F: Some greenhouse gases are naturally present in the Earth's atmosphere
a)
True
b)
False
53.
Which of the following is an example of a greenhouse gas?
a)
Carbon Dioxide
b)
Nitrogen
c)
Oxygen
d)
Neon
54.
Increased carbon dioxide may cause global warming by trapping more ____________ in the atmosphere.
a)
water
b)
gases
c)
heat
d)
water vapor
55.
Which is a natural source of greenhouse gases?
a)
aerosols
b)
deforestation
c)
volcanic eruptions
d)
burning fossil fuels
56.
Which natural process removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?
a)
forest fires
b)
volcanic eruptions
c)
cellular respiration
d)
photosynthesis
57.
Which is a green-house gas?
a)
Methane
b)
Oxygen
c)
Hydrogen
d)
Ammonium
58.
How does the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere affect climate?
a)
As carbon dioxide concentrations increase, temperatures increase
b)
As carbon dioxide concentration increase, temperatures decrease.
c)
Carbon dioxide concentrations have no affect on climate
d)
As carbon dioxide concentrations increase, temperatures become more random.
59.
What is one way that carbon enters the atmosphere?
a)
Sunlight
b)
Vehicle emissions/Exhaust
c)
Ocean uptake
d)
Rain
60.

Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas?

a)

Carbon dioxide

b)

Methane

c)

Water vapor

d)

nitrogen

61.
What happens to the temperature if more greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere?
a)
Temperature goes up
b)
Temperature goes down
62.
Without the Greenhouse Effect the Earth would be
a)
warm 
b)
cold
c)
dead
63.
Which of the following gases, released by animals as a waste product of digestion, can add to global warming?
a)
Carbon Dioxide
b)
Methane
c)
Chlorofluorocarbon
d)
Nitrogen
64.
1.  Certain gases in the atmosphere – water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide – help maintain the Earth’s temperatures and climate. These are called: __________ . 
a)
A.  ozone gases
b)
A.  solar gases
c)
A.  greenhouse gases 
d)
A.  stomach gases
65.
1.  Why is the Ozone important to life on Earth?
a)
A.   The Ozone reflects all the Ultra Violet radiation
b)
A.  The Ozone absorbs all the heat that come up from the Earth.
c)
The Ozone provides all the oxygen to Earth.
d)
The Ozone protects the Earth’ s atmosphere and the life on Earth from harmful radiant energy emitted by the sun   
66.
Melting of glaciers and polar ice caps....
a)
will result in cooler temperatures in the Arctic
b)
will result in sea-levels rising
c)
Will have no effect on ecosystems
d)
None of the above
67.
 Which of the following activities contributes the most to carbon emissions globally?
a)
Deforestation
b)
Agriculture
c)
Burning fossil fuels
d)
Respiration
68.
What is the greenhouse effect?
a)
The warming of a planet due to trapped radiation.
b)
The cooling of Earth due to air pollution.
c)
The heating of a solid, such as a rock.
69.
The Earth acts like a greenhouse that catches and traps heat from the sun.
a)
true
b)
false
70.

A super powerful greenhouse gas that traps up to 4 times more heat in Earth's atmosphere is:

a)

oxygen

b)

methane

c)

water vapor

d)

gasoline

71.

Cutting down large forests (deforestation) can result in:

a)

little to no changes

b)

more homes for animals

c)

less plants to absorb carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas

72.

The graph shows us that

a)

the earth temperature is always increasing

b)

the earth's temperature has steadily increased since 1900

c)

the earth's temperature is steadily rising since the 1960s

d)

the earth's temperature decreased during the 19th and 20th centuries

73.

The majority of Earth's energy comes from...

a)

the Earth's core

b)

the Sun

c)

hydroelectric power

d)

burning fossil fuels

74.

Which of the following does NOT happen to solar energy when it reaches Earth?

a)

Some solar energy reflects off the atmosphere, back to space

b)

Some solar energy passes through Earth and comes out the other side

c)

Some solar energy is absorbed by land and water

d)

Some solar energy is radiated from the Earth's surface and trapped by the atmosphere

75.

Which of the following natural events is NOT a source of carbon dioxide?

a)

Wildfire

b)

Decomposing plants and animals

c)

Volcanic eruption

d)

Earthquake

76.

What is an increase in global temperatures believed to be caused in part by the greenhouse effect.

a)

Climate

b)

Global Warming

c)

Climate Change

d)

Greenhouse Effect

77.

To throw back (light, heat, sound, or the like), as from a surface is called what?

a)

Radiation

b)

Climate

c)

Absorb

d)

Reflect

78.

What is a change in global and regional climate patterns attributed to an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels.

a)

Radiation

b)

Climate Change

c)

Greenhouse Gas

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