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WorksheetsL4 Patho I Hypersensitivity
Total questions: 51
Worksheet time: 26mins
What is an allergy?
A response directed against beneficial foreign tissues.
A misdirected response against the host’s own cells.
An exaggerated response against an environmental antigen.
An altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease or damage to the host.
What is hypersensitivity?
A response directed against beneficial foreign tissues.
An altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease or damage to the host.
A misdirected response against the host’s own cells.
An exaggerated response against an environmental antigen.
What is autoimmunity?
A response directed against beneficial foreign tissues.
An altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease or damage to the host.
An exaggerated response against an environmental antigen.
A misdirected response against the host’s own cells.
What is alloimmunity?
An altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease or damage to the host.
An exaggerated response against an environmental antigen.
A response directed against beneficial foreign tissues.
A misdirected response against the host’s own cells.
Which of the following is an inappropriate immune response?
Allergy
Hypersensitivity
Autoimmunity
All of the above
Which type of hypersensitivity is IgE-mediated and immediate?
Type I
Type II
Type III
Type IV
Which immunoglobulins are involved in tissue-specific hypersensitivity?
IgE
IgG, IgM
IgA
IgD
What type of hypersensitivity involves immune complexes and is immediate?
Type I
Type II
Type III
Type IV
Which type of hypersensitivity involves mast cells and is immediate?
Type I
Type II
Type III
Type IV
What type of hypersensitivity is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus?
Type I
Type II
Type III
Type IV
Which type of hypersensitivity is delayed and involves lymphocytes and macrophages?
Type I
Type II
Type III
Type IV
Which type of hypersensitivity involves neutrophils and is immediate?
Type I
Type II
Type III
Type IV
Which type of hypersensitivity is associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
Type I
Type II
Type III
Type IV
Which type of hypersensitivity does not involve complement activation?
Type I
Type II
Type III
Type IV
What is the primary difference between immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions?
Immediate reactions occur within minutes to hours, while delayed reactions take several hours to days.
Immediate reactions involve T cells, while delayed reactions involve B cells.
Immediate reactions require multiple exposures, while delayed reactions occur after a single exposure.
Immediate reactions are always more severe than delayed reactions.
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is more likely to require multiple exposures over years?
Immediate hypersensitivity
Delayed hypersensitivity
Both immediate and delayed hypersensitivity
Neither immediate nor delayed hypersensitivity
What is required for both immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions to occur?
Multiple exposures to the antigen
Primary and secondary immune responses
Only a primary immune response
Only a secondary immune response
What is the most rapid and immediate type of hypersensitivity reaction?
Type I
Type II
Type III
Type IV
Which of the following is a common antigen that can trigger anaphylaxis?
Bee stings
Peanuts
Fish
All of the above
Which clinical manifestation is NOT typically associated with severe cases of anaphylaxis?
Contraction of bronchial smooth muscle
Laryngeal edema
Vascular collapse
Increased blood pressure
What is the primary immunoglobulin involved in Type I hypersensitivity reactions?
IgA
IgG
IgE
IgM
Which cells are primarily responsible for the release of histamine in Type I hypersensitivity reactions?
B cells
T cells
Mast cells
Neutrophils
Which of the following is a common clinical manifestation of a Type I hypersensitivity reaction in the respiratory tract?
Urticaria
Rhinitis
Diarrhea
Abdominal pain
Which cells present antigens to Th2 cells during the sensitization phase of a Type I hypersensitivity reaction?
B cells
Dendritic cells
Mast cells
Neutrophils
What is the role of histamine binding to H1 receptors in Type I hypersensitivity reactions?
Increased gastric acid secretion
Decreased histamine release from mast cells
Contraction of bronchial smooth muscles
Attraction of eosinophils
Why are tissues of the GI tract, respiratory tract, and skin most affected by Type I hypersensitivity reactions?
They contain large numbers of mast cells
They have high blood flow
They are exposed to environmental antigens
They have a high density of nerve endings
Which mechanism of Type II hypersensitivity involves the destruction of cells by antibodies and the complement system?
Phagocytosis
Cell malfunction
Complement
NK cells
Which cells are primarily involved in the tissue damage caused by neutrophil granules in Type II hypersensitivity reactions?
Macrophages
Neutrophils
T cells
NK cells
Graves disease is an example of which mechanism of Type II hypersensitivity?
Complement
Phagocytosis
Neutrophil granules
Cell malfunction
Which cells are primarily involved in the phagocytosis mechanism of Type II hypersensitivity?
Macrophages
Neutrophils
T cells
NK cells
Which mechanism of Type II hypersensitivity involves the release of toxic substances by NK cells?
Complement
Phagocytosis
Neutrophil granules
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)
Which of the following mechanisms of Type II hypersensitivity does NOT activate the complement system?
Complement
Phagocytosis
Neutrophil granules
Cell malfunction
What is a key characteristic of Type III hypersensitivity reactions?
They involve IgE antibodies.
They are organ-specific.
They involve immune complexes formed in the circulation.
They do not activate the complement system.
Which of the following is an example of a Type III hypersensitivity reaction?
Graves disease
Serum sickness
Allergic rhinitis
Contact dermatitis
What differentiates Type II from Type III hypersensitivity reactions?
Type II reactions involve soluble antigens, while Type III reactions involve cell-bound antigens.
Type II reactions are not organ-specific, while Type III reactions are organ-specific.
Type II reactions involve cell-bound antigens, while Type III reactions involve soluble antigens.
Type II reactions do not activate the complement system, while Type III reactions do.
What is a key difference between Type II and Type III hypersensitivity reactions?
Type II reactions involve soluble antigens, while Type III reactions involve cell-bound antigens.
Type II reactions are organ-specific, while Type III reactions are not organ-specific.
Type II reactions do not activate the complement system, while Type III reactions do.
Type II reactions involve immune complexes formed in the circulation, while Type III reactions do not.
What is the primary cause of tissue damage in Type III hypersensitivity reactions?
Direct cytotoxicity by T cells
Immune complex deposition and subsequent complement activation
IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)
What is the primary mediator of Type IV hypersensitivity reactions?
IgE
IgG
T lymphocytes
Complement system
Which of the following is an example of a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction?
Acute graft rejection
Asthma
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Hemolytic anemia
What primarily mediates Type IV hypersensitivity reactions?
IgE
IgG
T lymphocytes
Complement system
Which of the following is an example of a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction?
Serum sickness
Contact dermatitis
Graves disease
Allergic rhinitis
Why does the first exposure to an antigen not result in clinical manifestations in Type IV hypersensitivity reactions?
The immune system is not sensitized yet and is producing memory T cells.
The antigen is immediately neutralized by antibodies.
The antigen is too weak to cause a reaction.
The antigen is rapidly cleared by the liver.
What is a key characteristic of Type I hypersensitivity skin reactions?
Lesions are widely distributed.
Lesions are localized to the site of contact.
Lesions are only found on the face.
Lesions are only found on the hands.
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is associated with contact dermatitis?
Type I
Type II
Type III
Type IV
How can the distribution of lesions help distinguish between Type I and Type IV hypersensitivity reactions?
Type I reactions have localized lesions, while Type IV reactions have widely distributed lesions.
Type I reactions have widely distributed lesions, while Type IV reactions have localized lesions.
Both Type I and Type IV reactions have widely distributed lesions.
Both Type I and Type IV reactions have localized lesions.
How can hemolytic anemia result from hypersensitivity reactions?
Through the destruction of erythrocytes by antibodies against antigens bound to their plasma membranes.
By the overproduction of erythrocytes in response to allergens.
Due to the inhibition of erythrocyte production in the bone marrow.
By the direct attack of erythrocytes by T cells.
Which of the following allergens can induce Type II hypersensitivity reactions?
Bee venom
Penicillin metabolites
Pollen
Dust mites
What clinical manifestations can result from the destruction of cells by antibodies in Type II hypersensitivity reactions?
Asthma and eczema
Anemia and thrombocytopenia
Rashes and hives
Fever and chills
What is a common local skin reaction to vaccines?
Redness at the injection site
Fever
Headache
Nausea
Which of the following is a delayed local skin reaction to vaccines?
Immediate swelling
Delayed rash
Immediate pain
Immediate redness
What type of local skin reaction can occur within hours after vaccination?
Bruising
Itching
Redness and swelling
Blistering
