The quest for a physical basis of memory involves a search for a(n)

Ebbinghaus' retention curve best illustrates the value of

Children can better remember an ancient Latin verse if the definition of each unfamiliar Latin word is carefully explained to them. This best illustrates the value of

Our immediate short-term memory for new material is limited to roughly ________ bits of information.

To gain accurate eyewitness testimony from children, interviewers must

Sounds and words that are not immediately attended to can still be recalled a couple of seconds later because of our ________ memory.

Philippe has just completed medical school. In reflecting on his years of formal education, he is able to recall the names of all his instructors except the fifth-grade teacher who flunked him. According to Freud, his forgetting illustrates

Our inability to remember information presented in the seconds just before we fall asleep is most likely due to

A type of motivated forgetting in which anxiety-arousing memories are blocked from conscious awareness is known as

Which of the following is the best example of the testing effect?

In one study, children were periodically asked whether they remembered going to the hospital with a mousetrap on their finger. This experiment best illustrated the dynamics of

A retention of skills and dispositions without conscious recollection is known as ________ memory.

An attorney uses misleading questions in an attempt to distort a court witness' recall of a previously observed crime. This best illustrates

Which of the following is the best definition of the modern memory model “connectionism”?

The patient known as "H.M." suffered from

Although Ibrahim has looked at his watch thousands of times, he is unable to recall whether the watch features Arabic or Roman numerals. This is most likely due to a failure in

The process of retrieval refers to

Rats given a drug that enhances long-term potentiation (LTP) will learn a maze with half the usual number of mistakes. This suggests that

Studying psychological concepts while riding the bus, walking to lunch, and waiting for class to begin will improve your memory of the concepts by taking advantage of

Semantic encoding refers to the processing of

Researchers asked university students to imagine certain childhood events, including a false event such as breaking a window with their hand. They discovered that

The tendency to immediately recall the first and last items in a list better than the middle items is known as the ________ effect.

A researcher observed that three years after people completed a Spanish course, they had forgotten much of the vocabulary they had learned. This finding indicates that information is lost while it is

Memories are primed by

Storage is to encoding as ________ is to ________.

Research indicates that memories retrieved during hypnosis are

Every day as she walks to school, Susana passes a mural painted on the side of a building. However, when asked, she says she does not remember ever seeing it. Which of the following is the best explanation for this occurrence?

While reading a novel at a rate of nearly 500 words per minute, Megan effortlessly understands almost every word. This ability highlights the importance of

You took Spanish during your sophomore year, and French during your junior year. Happily, you found that knowing Spanish helped you learn French. This phenomenon is best explained by

Police interrogators have been trained to ask less suggestive and more effective questions to avoid

The process of getting information out of memory is called

At your first day of work the manager introduces your coworkers, one at a time. As you meet each person, you repeat all the names, starting at the beginning. By the time you meet the last person, you can better recall the names at the beginning and the last names you heard. Which of the following best explains your experience?

Stereotypes can often influence the form in which information is retrieved from long-term memory. This fact is most relevant to appreciating the importance of

Automatic processing and effortful processing involve two types of

Sigmund Freud emphasized that the forgetting of painful experiences is caused by a process that involves

To remember the information presented in her psychology textbook, Toyosi often relates it to her own life experiences. Toyosi's strategy is an effective memory aid because it facilitates

The inability to recall which numbers on a telephone dial are not accompanied by letters is most likely due to

By shrinking the hippocampus, prolonged stress is most likely to inhibit the process of

Learning a new ATM password may block the recall of a familiar old password. This illustrates

After being asked to remember three consonants, participants in a study by Peterson and Peterson counted aloud backward by threes to prevent

After attending group therapy sessions for adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse, Karen mistakenly remembered details from others' traumatic life stories as part of her own life history. This best illustrates the dangers of

The title of a song is on the tip of Gerardo's tongue, but he cannot recall it until someone mentions the songwriter's name. Gerardo's initial inability to recall the title was most likely caused by

Answering practice test questions about text material you have studied is a useful strategy for

The fact that our preconceived ideas contribute to our ability to process new information best illustrates the importance of

After reading a newspaper report suggesting that drunken driving might have contributed to a recent auto accident, several people who actually witnessed the accident began to remember the driver involved as traveling more recklessly than was actually the case. This provides an example of

Cerebellum is to ________ memory as hippocampus is to ________ memory.

Effortful processing can occur only with

The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system is called ________ memory.

Conscious memory of factual information is called ________ memory.

When memory researcher Elizabeth Loftus was an adolescent, her uncle incorrectly insisted that as a child she had found her own mother's drowned body. Loftus herself later falsely recollected finding the body. This best illustrates

Walking into your bedroom you think, “I need to get my backpack in the kitchen.” When you reach the kitchen, you forget what you came there for. As you return to your bedroom, you suddenly remember, “Backpack!” This sudden recall is best explained by

Information learned while a person is ________ is best recalled when that person is ________.

Donald Thompson, an Australian psychologist, was an initial suspect in a rape case. The rape victim confused her memories of Thompson and the actual rapist because she had seen Thompson's image on TV shortly before she was attacked. The victim's false recollection best illustrates

“The magical number seven, plus or minus two” refers to the storage capacity of ________ memory.

Adults who have trouble remembering incidences of childhood sexual abuse have often been led by therapists to believe that their memory difficulties are due to

When an eyewitness to an auto accident is asked to describe what happened, which test of memory is being used?

Chess masters can recall the exact positions of most pieces after a brief glance at the game board. This ability is best explained in terms of

By incorporating errors originating from a hypnotist's leading questions, “hypnotically refreshed” memories often illustrate

The misinformation effect refers to the

Which pioneering researcher made extensive use of nonsense syllables in the study of human memory?

Chunking refers to

Patients who have experienced brain damage may be unable to form new personal memories but are able to learn to do jigsaw puzzles, without awareness of having learned them. This suggests that

Compared with formerly depressed people, those who are currently depressed are more likely to recall their parents as rejecting and punitive. This best illustrates

During the course of a day, people may unconsciously encode the sequence of the day's events. This best illustrates

While your Mom is lecturing you about cleaning your room, you lose concentration. Then, suddenly you hear the significant words, “no car keys.” When she asks, “Are you listening to me?” you are able to repeat the last few things she said before mentioning car keys. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?

Please use this description of a research study to answer the next two questions. Dr. Ra conducted a study in a busy downtown area. He stopped 10 people walking by and asked them, “How many times have you eaten a meal today?” The participants readily reported the number. His data is reported in the table below: What is the mode in Dr. Ra’s data?

Please use this description of a research study to answer the next four questions. Dr. Kniga recruited college students at his local college to participate in his study. He randomly selected 10 art majors and 10 math majors to participate in the study. He placed all the art majors in Group A, and he placed all the math majors in Group B. Dr. Kniga read a list of 10 numbers aloud to each group, and he asked them to immediately repeat the numbers back to him when he was finished reading them. Group B’s room was silent during the process of hearing and repeating the numbers, but Group A’s room was exposed to construction noises during the process of hearing and repeating the numbers. On average, Group A remembered 3 numbers, and Group B remembered 8 numbers on average. The difference in numbers remembered between the groups was statistically significant. What memory component was most involved in Dr. Kniga study?

Please use this description of a research study to answer the next three questions. Dr. Tyro obtained the data from over 150 different articles published on the areas of the brain that are activated when someone is recalling a personal memory. After statistically combining all the results, Dr. Tyro determined that the frontal lobes were most involved in summoning these personal memories. What type of research technique did Dr. Tyro use?

Long-term potentiation refers to

Hermann Ebbinghaus' use of nonsense syllables to study memory led to the discovery that

Lars was feeling depressed at the time he read a chapter of his history textbook. Lars is likely to recall best the contents of that chapter when he is

The effortful processing of information

Based on Herman Ebbinghaus' "forgetting curve" how will your memories for psychological concepts change?

When asked to recall their attitudes of 10 years ago regarding marijuana use, people offer recollections closer to their current views than to those they actually reported a decade earlier. This best illustrates

Although Yusef was having difficulty recalling the capital of the Netherlands, he quickly and correctly identified it after being given a list of cities in the Netherlands. Yusef's initial inability to recall the answer was due to a failure in

The often unconscious activation of particular associations in memory is called

Compared with false memories, true memories are more likely to

The organization of information into meaningful units is called

The fact that older people are often less able than younger adults to recall recently learned information can be best explained in terms of the greater difficulty older people have with

Repression most clearly involves a failure in

Arnold so easily remembers his old girlfriend's telephone number that he finds it difficult to recall his new girlfriend's number. Arnold's difficulty best illustrates

Words, events, places, and emotions that trigger our memory of the past are called

The prolonged stress of sustained physical abuse may inhibit memory formation by shrinking the

Rehearsal is to encoding as retrieval cues are to

Using the mnemonic ROY G. BIV to remember the colors of the rainbow in the order of wavelength illustrates the use of

Research participants who were exposed to very convincing arguments about the desirability of frequent tooth brushing mis-recalled how frequently they had brushed their teeth in the preceding two weeks. This best illustrates

The serial position effect best illustrates the importance of

Mnemonic devices such as the peg-word system make effective use of

What conclusion can Dr. Luz draw from the data?

When Bryan's girlfriend broke up with him, he felt very down. As he sat in his bedroom, he thought about all of the other times his heart had been broken. Bryan's experience provides an example of

Although Mr. Kameda has recently learned to play poker quite well, he cannot consciously remember ever having played poker. It is likely that he has suffered damage to his

Repeating someone's name several times shortly after being introduced to that person is an effective strategy for

Group 1 is asked to write down the names of the seven dwarfs. Group 2 is asked to look at a list of possible names of the dwarfs and circle the correct seven. Why might Group 2 be more likely to recall more names?

After looking up his friend's phone number, Alex was able to remember it only long enough to dial it correctly. In this case, the telephone number was clearly stored in his ________ memory.

Reading a romantic novel caused Claudia to recall some old experiences with a junior high school boyfriend. The effect of the novel on Claudia's memory retrieval is an illustration of

On the telephone, Dominic rattles off a list of 10 grocery items for Kyoko to bring home from the store. Immediately after hearing the list, Kyoko attempts to write down the items. She is most likely to forget the items

Craik and Tulving experimentally demonstrated that people effectively remember seeing a specific word after they decide whether that word fits into an incomplete sentence. This research highlighted the effectiveness of

The serial position effect demonstrates that people are more likely to remember:

The phenomenon of "tip of the tongue" is an example of a failure in:

Which type of long-term memory is involved in the storage of factual information?

Which of the following best exemplifies the concept of "state-dependent memory"?

The inability to remember information that was available prior to a traumatic event is known as:

The term "chunking" refers to:

The concept of "flashbulb memory" suggests that:

Short-term memory is best described as

Which of the following best describes episodic memory?

The Ebbinghaus forgetting curve illustrates that memory loss:

Which of the following is a difference between episodic and semantic memory?

Which of the following is an example of procedural memory?

Which of the following best describes the process of encoding in memory?

Which type of memory is responsible for holding a small amount of information for a brief period?

What is the term for the phenomenon where old information interferes with the recall of new information?

When we use the term Latino to refer to a category of people, we are using this word as a(n)

Which of the following are we likely to recognize first as belonging to the category “mammal”?

Injury to certain areas of the ________ lobes can destroy imagination while leaving reading, writing, and arithmetic skills intact.

Cognitive psychologists are most directly concerned with the study of

The representativeness heuristic refers to our tendency to

Because she believes that boys are naughtier than girls, Mrs. Vedder, a second-grade teacher, watches boys

more closely than she watches girls for any signs of misbehavior. Mrs. Vedder's surveillance strategy best

illustrates

Smokers with a greater fear of flying than of smoking's toxicity best illustrate that we often have a greater fear of risks that are

In testing thousands of different materials for use as lightbulb filaments, Thomas Edison best illustrated a problem-solving approach known as

Consumers respond more positively to ground beef advertised as “75 percent lean” than to ground beef described as “25 percent fat.” This illustrates that consumer reactions are influenced by

People are likely to take less time to recognize a woman as a nurse than a man as a nurse because a woman more closely resembles their nurse

In contrast to our explicit conscious reasoning, our seemingly effortless and automatic feelings or thoughts 

are called

Our tendency to judge the likelihood of an event on the basis of how readily we can remember instances of

its occurrence is called the

Encouraging people to elaborate on why their own personal views on an issue are correct is most likely to promote

The value of generating positive first impressions in your initial interactions with a new employer is best underscored by the research on

Although intuition can at times hinder rationality, it is often valuable because it facilitates

A $100 coat marked down from $150 can seem like a better deal than the same coat priced regularly at $100. This best illustrates the importance of

Which of the following best illustrates confirmation bias?

 Daniel was asked to write down as many words as he could think of that contained the letter d. To complete this task Daniel would rely on

Dr. Lebo asked participants to guess the favorite dessert of individuals living in the United States. He was surprised to find different results in the summer months when it was hot outside compared to the winter months when it was cold outside. Consulting the data in the table below, what psychological concept best explains the different answers provided in the summer and in the winter?

The danger of using the representativeness heuristic is that it may lead us to

When someone mentions hamburgers, Trisha immediately thinks of McDonald's. In this instance, McDonald's

is a