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APES Unit 1 Review

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 1hrs 26mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

A ​ (a)   is a group of ecosystems that share similar abiotic and biotic conditions.​

Choose from the below words
biome
climatograph
net primary production
ecosystem
habitat
2.

​ (a)   describes the average conditions, including temperature and precipitation, over long periods of time in a given area.

Choose from the below words
Climate
weather
3.

​ ​ (a)   describes the day-to-day conditions in the Earth's atmosphere.

Choose from the below words
Weather
climate
4.

In the Tropical Rain Forests, the tallest trees form a dense covering called the ​ (a)  

Choose from the below words
canopy.
emergent layer
understory
5.

In the Rain Forest, the tallest trees pop through the canopy and make up the top layer of the forest known as the ​ (a)  

Choose from the below words
emergent layer.
canopy
understory
6.

In the Rain Forest, the shorter trees and plants make up the ​ (a)   , and compete for available light.

Choose from the below words
understory
emergent layer
canopy
7.

​ (a)   measures the amount of salts dissolved in water.

Choose from the below words
Salinity
Estuary
Potassium pump
8.

In Aquatic Biomes, photosynthesis is dependent largely on the water depth. Order the following zones from the most shallow to the deepest.

a)

photic zone

b)

aphotic zone

c)

benthic zone

1)
2)
3)
9.

​ (a)   are bodies of water, partly enclosed by land, that occur where fresh water from land drainage meets the water of the ocean.

Choose from the below words
Estuaries
Swamps
Marshes
10.

Climatographs are useful tools in describing a biome's climate. They typically show patterns in annual

a)

rainfall and snowfall

b)

precipitation and humidity

c)

precipitation and temperature

d)

temperature and sunlight

11.

Matter may be transformed from one type to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed.

a)

The Principle of Matter

b)

The Law of Conservation of Matter

c)

Conservation of Thermodynamics

d)

Behavior of Matter

12.

Match the following

a)

photosynthesis

1.

producers make their own food

b)

consumers

2.

organisms that eat to obtain nutrients

c)

producers

3.

organisms that make their own food

d)

cellular respiration

4.

organisms us oxygen to release energy

e)

biogeochemical cycles

5.

nutrients cycle through the environment

13.

Match the following

a)

herbivore

1.

consume primary producers

b)

carnivores

2.

consume other animals

c)

omnivore

3.

consume both producers and consumers

d)

Decomposers

4.

break down nonliving matter

e)

Detritivores

5.

consume nonliving matter

14.

As organisms feed on one another, matter and energy move through a community's __________________.

a)

food web

b)

energy pyramid

c)

trophic levels

d)

community.

15.

A general rule of thumb is that each trophic level contains ___________% of the energy of the trophic level below it.

a)

75

b)

14

c)

25

d)

10

16.

Match the following

a)

Food Chain

1.

linear series of feeding relationships

b)

food web

2.

map showing many paths of energy flow

c)

biomass

3.

total amount of living tissue

17.

The study of living organisms and their interaction with the nonliving environment.

a)

Chemistry

b)

Ecology

c)

Science

d)

Physics

18.

Reorder the following from the smallest organism to the largest system.

a)

species

b)

population

c)

community

d)

ecosystem

e)

biome

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
19.

Human activities such as the ____ release large amounts of Carbon into our atmosphere.

a)

Burning of fossil fuels

b)

burning of wood

c)

use of synthetic fertilizers

d)

use of detergents

20.

Which of the following biogeochemical cycles does not have an atmospheric phase?

a)

Hydrolic Cycle

b)

Nitrogen Cycle

c)

Sulfur Cycle

d)

Carbon Cycle

e)

Phosphorous Cycle

21.

Energy enters a system as sunlight and a producer is able to produce 10 kilograms of tissue. If eaten, the producer would produce about ___ kilograms of a consumer tissue that would provide about ____ kilograms of tissue for a secondary consumer

a)

100; 10

b)

10; 1

c)

100; 1

d)

1; 0.1

22.

Productivity in an ecosystem has to do with

a)

Efficiency of its primary producers

b)

The number of different species living in the ecosystem

c)

Its longevity

d)

Its rate of producing biomass

23.

An ecosystem consists of

a)

A physical environment within which a biological community lives

b)

The species with which a biological community interacts

c)

A biological community and its physical environment

d)

the primary producers within a biological community

24.

The length and complexity of a food web in the Arctic would be ____ when compared to one in the tropical rainforest.

a)

Short and less complex

b)

short and more complex

c)

long and less complex

d)

long and more complex

25.

Producers rely on _____ to release chemical energy and consumers rely on ____ to release chemical energy.

a)

Cellular Respiration; photosynthesis

b)

Cellular Respiration; cellular respiration

c)

photosynthesis; cellular respiration

d)

photosynthesis; photosynthesis

26.

Ecologists study....

a)

Living things and their genetic makeup

b)

Genetic Patterns and the chemistry in them

c)

The physical world and its processes

d)

Relationships between organisms and their environment

27.

In the Nitrogen cycle, what is one Natural way that Nitrogen gets into our soil?

a)

Fertilizers

b)

Human Waste through septic tanks

c)

Decomposing animals

d)

Industrial waste

28.

In the _____, there is no wet/dry season. But we do see more lower plants with a thicker epidermis..

a)

Tundra

b)

Boreal

c)

Savanna

d)

Desert

e)

Taiga

29.

There are less nutrient rich soils in the Rain Forest due to the dense tree canopy and water runoff.

a)

True

b)

False

30.

We see saltier soils due to the evaporation rate in which biome?

a)

Forest

b)

Grasslands

c)

Tundras

d)

Deserts

31.

Which biome has the lowest average Temperature, and the lowest Precipitation?

a)

Tundra

b)

Savanna

c)

Rainforest

d)

Taiga

32.

Select the two characteristics that determine which type of biome an ecosystem is.

a)

Climate

b)

Temperature

c)

Elevation

d)

Precipitation

33.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a state factor for a biome?

a)

Human Interaction

b)

Forest Fires

c)

Topography

d)

Biomass

34.

Which is the only biogeochemical cycle that doesn't occur in our atmosphere?

a)

Nitrogen

b)

Phosphorus

c)

Hydrogen

d)

Carbon

35.

Which of the following is an example of a biotic factor?

a)

Temperature

b)

Light

c)

Atmosphere

d)

Population

e)

Water

36.

Intraspecific Competition is between the same species. true or false?

a)

True

b)

False

37.

Diurnal and Nocturnal creatures share their resources through the use of which of the following processes?

a)

Competition

b)

Resource Partitioning

c)

Different trophic levels

d)

Coevolution

38.

In a food pyramid, which organism can be found on the bottom?

a)

Primary Consumers

b)

producers

c)

Secondary Consumers

d)

Herbivores

39.

One species benefits and the other is not affected is an example of which symbiotic relationship?

a)

Parasitism

b)

Commensalism

c)

Mutualism

d)

Predation

40.

Human activities such as the ____ release large amounts of Carbon into our atmosphere.

a)

Burning of fossil fuels

b)

burning of wood

c)

use of synthetic fertilizers

d)

use of detergents

41.

Which of the following biogeochemical cycles does not have an atmospheric phase?

a)

Hydrolic Cycle

b)

Nitrogen Cycle

c)

Sulfur Cycle

d)

Carbon Cycle

e)

Phosphorous Cycle

42.
Which habitat exhibits the greatest biodiversity?
a)
A habitat with 15 different species with about 300 individuals each
b)
A habitat with 10 different species with about 75 individuals each
c)
A habitat with 4 different species with about 150 individuals each
d)
A habitat with only one species with about 2000 individual
43.
Currently sharks are on a rapid decline due to overfishing. If sharks go extinct will this affect the biodiversity of the ocean?
a)
No, sharks are not important.
b)
No, sharks will only affect the seal populations.
c)
Yes, it will disrupt the entire food chain in the ocean.
d)
Yes, but only a little.
44.
Areas defined by their geographical location and ecological similarity are called?
a)
ecozones
b)
biotopes
c)
biomes
d)
biodomes
45.
This biome is found around the equator and is home to a large amount of biodiversity.
a)
Deserts
b)
Tropical Rain Forests
c)
Savannas
d)
Chaparral 
46.

What is is the study of how and why plants and animals live where they do?

a)

Evolution

b)

Adaptive Radiation

c)

Biogeography

d)

Biogeology

47.

The type of species that are vulnerable to fragmentation are ___ because they require large plots of land.

a)

apex predators

b)

herbivores

c)

generalists

d)

primary consumers

48.

One solution to connect fragmented habitats is to build habitat corridors.

a)

True

b)

False

49.

Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following is the most likely reason that an island in the ocean that is 5 kilometers from a continent would have a higher number of species than one that is 15 kilometers from a continent?

a)

There are more species that have the ability to travel 5 kilometers than can travel 15 kilometers.

b)

Islands that are closer to continents always have a wider range of habitats than more distant islands do.

c)

There are smaller populations of each species on islands that are at greater distances from continents.

d)

Islands that are closer to continents always have more ecological niches than more distant islands do.

50.

The four types of ecosystem services are

a)

Provisioning, regulating, cultural, moderating

b)

Provisioning, regulating, supervision, intervention

c)

Regulating, provisioning, supporting, cultural

d)

Regulating, provisioning, moderating, reoccurring

51.

The four types of ecosystem services are

a)

Provisioning, regulating, cultural, moderating

b)

Provisioning, regulating, supervision, intervention

c)

Regulating, provisioning, supporting, cultural

d)

Regulating, provisioning, moderating, reoccurring

52.

Species richness is

a)

a measure of how all of the individual organisms in an ecosystem are balanced between the different species.

b)

the total number of different species found in an ecosystem

53.

Highest species richness will be found on ____ and ___ islands and less species richness will be found on ___ and ___ islands.

a)

small and near; large and far

b)

large and far; small and near

c)

large and near; small and far

d)

small and far; large and near

54.

What prediction is correct about island biogeography?

a)

Smaller islands have more resources, and will have more biodiversity

b)

Larger islands have more space for resources, but will have less biodiversity due to competition

c)

Islands closer to mainland will be more diverse due to more successful dispersal.

d)

There is more diversity far away from the mainland because some species fly.

55.

The theory of island biogeography suggests that species richness is affected by which of the following factors?


I. island distance from mainland

II. how the island is formed

III. island size

a)

II only

b)

III only

c)

I and III

d)

II and III

56.

A reduction in the genetic diversity of a population caused by a reduction in its size.

a)

genetic drift

b)

gene flow

c)

bottleneck effect

d)

founder effect

57.
The three types of biodiversity are
a)
genetic, species and ecosystem
b)
medical, agricultural, ethical
c)
habitat loss, pollution, overharvesting
d)
camera traps, invasive species, cookies
58.

Obtaining lumber from a forest would be considered what type of ecosystem service?

a)

Provisioning

b)

Regulating

c)

Supporting

d)

Cultural

59.

Which statement below would not indicate a bottleneck occurred in a population?

a)

there are reduced population numbers

b)

there is lower genetic diversity

c)

species are better suited to adapt to future environmental changes

d)

extinction may occur

60.

Zone where small numbers can survive these difficult conditions

a)

range of tolerance

b)

zone of intolerance

c)

optimal range

d)

zone of physiological stress

61.

Zone where a stable healthy population survives

a)

zone of intolerance

b)

optimal range

c)

zone of physiological stress

d)

limiting factors

62.

Zone where organisms cannot survive

a)

zone of intolorance

b)

range of tolerance

c)

optimal range

d)

zone of physiological stress

63.

Which of the following is NOT a factor that impacts ecological tolerance?

a)

Temperature

b)

pH

c)

Humidity

d)

Level of biodiversity

64.

The study of environmental science primarily considers

a)

interactions among human systems and those found in Earth

b)

the effect of human systems

c)

abiotic factors that influence the state of our environment

d)

factors that affect global climate change

65.

An ecosystem is a location on Earth that includes

a)

only biotic components

b)

only abiotic components

c)

interacting biotic and abiotic components

d)

positive and negative feedback loops

66.

Living in a sustainable way refers to

a)

recycling all paper, plastic, and metals

b)

using resources in a way that does not deprive future generations

c)

using Earth's resources efficiently

d)

eating locally whenever possible

67.

Which is a biotic factor?

a)

producers

b)

pH

c)

energy

d)

humidity

68.
Which of these is not an example of a commons?
a)
Aquifers
b)
The ocean
c)
Privately owned farms
d)
Highways
69.
The lorax realized that the trufulla trees were like a commons and would eventually
a)
overpopulate the area
b)
destroy the land
c)
become underappreciated and therefore leave the area
d)
Become depleted over time
70.
What can be done to solve problems related to the tragedy of the commons?
a)
Privatization
b)
Regulations, restrictions and quotas
c)
Public education
d)
All of the above
71.
All of these fields of study contribute to environmental science except
a)
linguistics.
b)
biology and earth sciences
c)
social sciences
d)
physics and chemistry
72.
Global warming is caused by
a)
greenhouse gases
b)
fossil fuel use
c)
cars and boats
d)
all of the above
73.
Which is NOT a process of the water cycle?
a)
precipitation
b)
freezing
c)
transpiration
d)
evaporation
74.
The process of plants losing water through their leaves is called ____.
a)
condensation
b)
evaporation
c)
transpiration
d)
exhaling
75.
What is the only process that removes carbon from the atmosphere?
a)
combustion
b)
cellular respiration
c)
photosynthesis
d)
decomposition
76.
These gases, such as carbon dioxide, trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere causing global warming
a)
Global warming gases
b)
Hot House gases
c)
Green House gases
d)
Thermal pollution
77.
The elements carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen combined make up about 96% of our bodies (carbon is about 18%).  Carbon is necessary for life because it is a(n)
a)
uncommon element in all living things.
b)
element found only in the atmosphere
c)
excellent bonder
d)
is found mostly in dead things.
78.
Phosphorous is needed in organisms for the production of
a)
ADP and ATP.
b)
Cellular membranes.
c)
Deoxyribonucleic and ribonucleic acids.
d)
All of the answers are correct
79.
This is released by the weathering of rocks.
a)
Carbon
b)
Oxygen
c)
Phosphorus
d)
Nitrogen
80.
Identify the cycle pictured.
a)
The Water cycle
b)
The Carbon cycle
c)
The Nitrogen cycle
d)
The Phosphorus cycle
81.
Identify the cycle pictured.
a)
The Water cycle
b)
The Carbon cycle
c)
The Nitrogen cycle
d)
The Phosphorus cycle.
82.
How do animals get nitrogen?
a)
the atmosphere 
b)
eating other organisms
c)
rainwater
d)
lightning 
83.
Organisms require nitrogen to make which of the following?
a)
glucose and starch
b)
lipids and nucleic acids
c)
proteins and nucleic acids
d)
carbohydrates and proteins
84.
What happens during the process of nitrogen-fixation?
a)
Nitrogen compounds turn into free nitrogen
b)
Free nitrogen turns into nitrogen compounds
85.
Where is carbon stored in the environment?
a)
Fossil fuels
b)
Wood of trees
c)
Calcium carbonate (shells and bones)
d)
All of the above
86.

where is sulfur stored?

a)

sun

b)

plants

c)

deep sea

d)

underground in rocks

87.
Sulfur can be added to the atmosphere by
a)
burning coal, oil and gasoline
b)
respiration
c)
nitrogen fixing bacteria
d)
decomposition
88.
What role do decomposers play in the phosphorous cycle?
a)
absorb phosphorous 
b)
release phosphorous into atmosphere
c)
return phosphorous into the soil
d)
combustion
89.

An algal bloom is the rapid growth of a population of

a)

fungi

b)

protozoans

c)

algae

90.

In general, algal blooms occur when

a)

toxins accumulate in shellfish.

b)

nutrients decrease in the water.

c)

nutrients increase in the water.

91.
The efficiency of energy transfer from a lower trophic level to the next highest level is roughly
a)
1%
b)
10%
c)
100%
d)
1000%
92.
Trophic levels are represented by 
a)
squares
b)
circles
c)
pyramids
d)
lines
93.
Which animal is the apex predator?
a)
hawk
b)
lizard
c)
snake
d)
grass
94.
In the energy pyramid here, how much of the energy in each level gets lost as heat or used by the organism for survival?
a)
80%
b)
90%
c)
10%
d)
20%
95.
Eat primary consumers (can be carnivores and omnivores)
a)
Tertiary Consumers
b)
Secondary Consumers
c)
Quaternary Consumers 
d)
Top Predators 
96.
An organism that uses an outside source of energy like the sun to create energy-rich food molecules.
a)
Consumer
b)
Producer
c)
Decomposer
d)
Parasite 
97.

In which biome would you expect to find an area with an average temperature of 10oC and 200 cm of precipitation annually?

a)

Temperate seasonal forest

b)

Temperate rainforest

c)

Woodland/shrubland

d)

Tropical seasonal forest

98.

In which biome would you expect to find an area with an average temperature of 4oC and 50 cm of precipitation annually?

a)

Tundra

b)

Boreal forest

c)

Temperate grassland/cold desert

d)

Woodland/shrubland

99.
The diagram below shows the cycling of nutrients in an ecosystem.
The removal of which of the following groups would cause an immediate decrease in the amount of energy flowing through the system?
a)
Producers
b)
Consumers
c)
Decomposers
d)
Inorganic nutrients
100.
In the food web shown, the snail would be considered...
a)
primary consumer
b)
secondary consumer
c)
tertiary consumer
d)
producer

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