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WorksheetsAs PSYCHOLOGY HOLZEL ET AL STUDY.
Total questions: 41
Worksheet time: 27mins
What was an aim of this study?
To measure changes in brain structure related to mindful practice
To measure stress relief in Participants
To measure changes in the Participants grades as a result of mindful practice
To measure the time spent in practice to compare brain scans
Which of the following apply to the sample used in this study? (multiple)
Students under age 18
opportunity sample
33 adults
All Participants were right handed
The mean age was 55
How long was the study?
8 days
Two days
Two years
8 weeks
What was a conclusion made from this study?
There was no changes in the brain that resulted from mindfulness practice
The Limbic system of the brain was altered by mindfulness practice
The grey matter of the brain increased by the mindfulness practice group
Mindfulness practice does not reduce stress
What kinds of data was collected in this study?
Participant questionaires before and after the study
Exercise logs kept by the Participants
Brain scans before and after the study
quantitative data
What type(s) of questions were used for the questionnarie?
Closed questions using a scale
open-ended questions
both qualitative and quantitative types
Only brain scans were used
Which of the following was an independent variable of the study?
The five facets of mindfulness questionnaire
If participants received the MBSR or not
grey matter concentration
What type of design was this study?
Independent design
Longitudinal study
Repeated measures design with questionaires
Pilot study before the large scale study was conducted
Experimental design with two groups
The study’s findings suggest mindfulness training affects regions involved in what functions?
Motor control and physical coordination
Vision and visual processing
Learning, memory, and emotion regulation
Speech and language processing
control group got scanned with MRI ______ times
1
4
2
3
What is mindfulness?
Living in the now, practicing kindness without judgement, meditating, and learning how your brain works.
Thinking of negative memories, worries, thoughts. Also, only being kind to people that are respectful of you. Last, meditation.
Being fun, making fun of people, meditating, not really caring about the environment or other people.
Living in the now, focusing on negative thoughts and bad memories, and meditating.
This part of your brain deals with memory...
Prefrontal cortex
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Fight or flight
Which of the following apply to the sample used in this study? (multiple)
Students under age 18
opportunity sample
33 adults
All Participants were right handed
The mean age was 55
In Holzel et al., what is the psychology being investigated?
Mindfulness: awareness of who we are, where we are, and what we are doing; not becoming overwhelmed
Mindfulness: "the development of awareness of present-moment experience with a compassionate, non-judgemental stance."
Localisation of function: how different parts of the brain perform specific functions (here, changing brain density or volume, which is linked to increased performance abilities)
All of the above
Which of the following criteria had to be met by participants in Hozel et al.?
be right-handed
have an IQ of 100 or above
be between 18 and 34 years old
none of the above
Which of the following criteria had to be met by participants in Hozel et al.?
be psychologically and physically healthy
be in a leadership role in their career
be good at puzzles
none of the above
Which of the following criteria had to be met by participants in Hozel et al.?
not be taking any prescribed medication
commitment to attend all eight MBSR lessons and do the daily homework
have had no more than four meditation classes in the last five years and no meditation classes in the last six months
all of the above
Which of the following criteria had to be met by participants in Hozel et al.?
ability to participate in an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) brain scan (so, no metal implants, claustrophobia, etc.)
willingness to be interviewed multiple times per day for a series of several weeks
ability to demonstrate mindfulness techniques upon demand (to show efficacy of training)
all of the above
True or false? Participants in Hozel et al. gave informed consent.
True. All participants gave written consent, and the study was ethically approved by the Massachusetts General Hospital and the University of Massachusetts Medical School.
False; deception was necessary in this study, so some participants were not informed of the potentially harmful elements (but were debriefed at the end).
What was the total number of participants in the Hozel et al. study?
13,674 people participated in an online meditation class, but only 16 voluntarily participated in the MRI scans for the study; of these, only 5 completed the follow-up interviews, so the total is 5
13,674 participants volunteered to be MRI scanned for the study; 74 withdrew due to schedule constraints preventing involvement in the MBSR class
Originally, 18 participants were part of the experimental group, but two withdrew due to MRI scan discomfort, leaving 16.
There were 17 participants in the control group for a total of 33 (35 originally).
none of the above
What was involved in the MBSR program in Hozel et al.?
eight weekly group meetings for 2.5 hours each
in the sixth week, participants attended a full-day (6.5 hours) session
body scan (feeling the body as a complete whole; noting awareness of sensations)
mindful yoga (gentle stretching, slow movement, coordinated with breathing patterns; appreciating the limits of one's body)
Which of the following applies to the Hozel et al. study?
Sitting meditation was included. This included awareness of the sensation of breathing before moving on to other senses (e.g., taste and sound).
Later in the MBSR course, the emphasis switched to awareness meditation (based on anything that comes into one's consciousness).
Participants chose their own meditation exercises, selecting from among exercises including "Leaves in a Stream,"
All of the above
this study had low (a) because it was not standardized as participants could choose what exercise they wanted to do
Which Biological study was about sleep and dreams?
Dement and Kleitman
Holzel et al
Hassett et al
Which Biological study was about mindfulness and brain scans?
Holzel et al
Hassett et al
Dement and Kleitman
Which of the following was an independent variable of the study? ( Holzel)
The five facets of mindfulness questionnaire
If participants received the MBSR or not
grey matter concentration
What was a weakness of this study? ( Holzel)
Conclusions could not be applied to Elderly people or children
there were ethical issues about medical records
They did not use the scientific method
The researcher was a yoga teacher
How were changes in brain structure measured in the study? ( Holzel)
Electroencephalography (EEG)
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Which area of the brain showed increased gray matter concentration in the mindfulness group? (Holzel)
Frontal cortex
Amygdala
Left hippocampus
Right insula
What is the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program?
A cognitive behavioral therapy approach
A physical exercise routine
An eight-week mindfulness training program
A diet plan for stress relief
What was the main focus of the Hölzel et al. study?
Effects of diet on mental health
Effects of sleep on memory
Effects of mindfulness on brain structure
Effects of exercise on brain function
What method was used to measure mindfulness in participants?
Mindfulness Assessment Scale
Emotional Regulation Questionnaire
Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)
Cognitive Flexibility Scale
What type of research design was used in the study?
Cross-sectional design
Longitudinal design
Case study design
Meta-analysis
What was a significant finding of the study regarding the control group?
They showed significant changes in gray matter
They did not show significant changes in gray matter
They had higher mindfulness scores
They participated in the MBSR program
What does neuroplasticity refer to?
The brain's ability to process emotions
The brain's ability to store memories
The brain's ability to regulate sleep
The brain's ability to change its structure
What is one of the weaknesses of the study mentioned?
Large sample size
Use of objective measurements
Self-report bias
Longitudinal design
what were the 3 areas of the brain that Holzel focused on
cerrebelluem, temporal lobe, prefrontal cortex
cerebellum, temporal lobe, left hippocampus
posterior junction, left hippocampus, brain stem
cerebellum, posterior junction, left hippocampus
MBSR
(a)
particpants practised what MBSR teqniques
mindful yoga, mediation, body scans
mindful yoga, nature walks, hypnosis
meditation, nature walks, hypnosis
meditation, body scans, breath work
followed ethical code because
S's were given accommodated therapy after
control group was given MBSR after study was complete
S's were payed finical compensation
S's had right to withdrawal at any time
this study had high day to day generalizability
because they chose S's from all different types of life
because MBSR was incorporated in S's everyday life with HW
because it was a large sample
because MBSR doesn't have to be practiced in a lab
