Select the four things that all cells have in common:

This is a small organelle which synthesizes proteins from amino acids (via dehydration synthesis)

This organelle is where cellular respiration occurs

this large organelle contains the genetic material of the cell (chromosomes) and is surrounded by 2 membranes

this organelle is a stack of flattened compartments where materials are modified, sorted and sent out to other destinations

The endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, and plasma membrane are compartments that are connected indirectly by vesicles that move materials between them. Together, this group of structures is called:

The first cells on Earth were _________________ and appeared about 3.5 billion years ago

The thickest fiber of the cytoskeletal fibers is called a

a protein embedded in a cell membrane which contains a passageway for ions or small molecules to move through the passive transport of ions or molecules across a cell

membrane with the assistance of a channel or carrier protein

the discharge (release) of a vacuole's contents out of a cell which occurs when the vacuole fuses with the plasma membrane.

the uptake of materials into a cell via an invagination of the plasma membrane which then forms a vacuole.

this term includes two processes (endocytosis and exocytosis) which utilize vesicles to move large materials across the plasma membrane.

the uptake of materials into a cell via an invagination of the plasma membrane which then forms a vacuole.

_________ carry out the major functions of biological membranes.

the movement of substances without the expenditure of energy

the movement of substances with a required expenditure of energy

the passive transport of ions or molecules across a cell membrane with the assistance of a channel or carrier protein.

Biological membranes are a mosaic of: (select all that apply)

The main component of cell membranes, composed of 2 layers of phospholipid molecules.

A particular type of lipid molecule that has a hydrophilic head containing phosphate and two hydrophobic fatty acid tails.

This term describes any molecule with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.

In the following diagram, which structure is marked by the letter A?

In the following diagram, which structure is marked by the letter B?

In the following diagram, which structure is marked by the letter C?

In the following diagram, which structure is marked by the letter D?

A lysosome contains

In the following diagram, which structure is marked by the letter A?

In the following diagram, which structure is marked by the letter B?

In the following diagram, which structure is marked by the letter C?

In the following diagram, which structure is marked by the letter D?

Cell theory is comprised of three concepts. Select the three statements from the list below that make up cell theory.

The thinnest fiber of the cytoskeletal fibers is called a

Electron microscopes produce images that are magnified and

The function of the chloroplast is that it contains all of the machinery for

Individual cells are most often microscopic - that is, they cannot be seen without the use of a microscope.

In lecture, Professor Buettner emphasized that in college, you should start thinking of the mitochondrion in terms of its function as

Light microscopes produce images that are magnified and

The ratio of surface area of the plasma membrane to the volume of a cell (SA:V ratio) is larger for cells that have a _________ diameter.

Endosymbiosis is the well-accepted theory that

In the following diagram, a small section of a cell's plasma membrane is depicted, including the phospholipid bilayer and one transport protein.

The extracellular and intracellular spaces are marked.

Two solutes are shown as yellow hexagons and purple diamonds. The concentration gradient (at the beginning of this scenario) of each solute is indicated.

If both the yellow hexagons and the purple diamonds diffuse along their own gradients through the same green transport protein, which term correctly describes this transport protein?

In the following diagram, a small section of a cell's plasma membrane is depicted, including the phospholipid bilayer and one transport protein.

The extracellular and intracellular spaces are marked.

Two solutes are shown as yellow hexagons and purple diamonds. The concentration gradient (at the beginning of this scenario) of each solute is indicated.

If both the yellow hexagons and the purple diamonds move from the extracellular space to the intracellular space through the green transport protein, which term correctly describes this transport protein?

The following diagram depicts a small section of the plasma membrane of a cell, with the phospholipid bilayer visible, as well as one transport protein. The solutes are shown as purple diamonds, and their concentration gradient is indicated.

If the transport protein is allowing diffusion of the solutes through its channel, in which direction will the solutes move?

If water is the only molecule that can cross the cell membrane, which way will the water move via osmosis?

When a cell has intentionally produced a protein (or any other product) which is functional, and the cell needs to release that protein out into the extracellular space in order for it to perform its function, that type of exocytosis is specifically called:

Ions and small monomers (like amino acids and glucose) can pass through transport proteins to enter cells.

But polysaccharides and polypeptides (proteins) are too large for that. They can be taken into a cell in vesicles by a different process called:

If the transport protein begins moving the solutes from the intracellular side to the extracellular side, would this be "facilitated diffusion" or "active transport?"

The illustration above is showing:

Which component is marked by the letter A?

Which component is marked by the letter B?

Which component is marked by the letter B?

Which component is marked by the letter A?

Which component is marked by the letter C ?

Which component is marked by the letter C?

Based on this starting situation, answer the following question:

If only water can cross the cell membrane, which way will water move via osmosis?

Based on this starting situation, answer the following question:

If water is the only molecule that can cross the cell membrane via osmosis, and that process is given time to occur, do you predict that the cell will shrink, or get bigger (and maybe even burst)?

Based on this starting situation, answer the following question:

If only water can cross the cell membrane, which way will water move via osmosis?

Water will move from the inside of the cell into the beaker solution.

Water will move from the beaker solution to the inside of the cell.

Based on this starting situation, answer the following question:

If water is the only molecule that can cross the cell membrane, and osmosis is allowed to proceed, what will be the outcome from this plant cell?

The following diagram depicts a small section of the plasma membrane of a cell, with the phospholipid bilayer visible, as well as one transport protein. The solutes are shown as yellow triangles, and their concentration gradient is indicated.

If the transport protein is allowing diffusion of the solutes through its channel, in which direction will the solutes move?

The following diagram depicts a small section of the plasma membrane of a cell, with the phospholipid bilayer visible, as well as one transport protein. The solutes are shown as yellow triangles, and their concentration gradient is indicated.

If the transport protein is performing an active transport of these solutes, in which direction will the solutes move?

Based on this starting situation, answer the following question:

If only water can cross the cell membrane, which way will water move via osmosis?

Based on this starting situation, answer the following question:

If water is the only molecule that can cross the cell membrane, and osmosis is allowed to proceed, what will be the outcome from this plant cell?

Based on this starting situation, answer the following question:

If only water can cross the cell membrane, which way will water move via osmosis?

Based on this starting situation, answer the following question:

Which solution is correctly called "hypertonic" in this starting scenario?

When proteins have been modified and sorted at the Golgi, they are then sent out by vesicle to the plasma membrane, where they are released from the cell. This process is an example of

Very large macromolecules and even entire bacterial cells can be ingested by (taken into) eukaryotic cells. This occurs through the process named:

According to the lecture, "death" has occurred when

The capacity or ability to do work

the study of transformations of energy

adenosine triphosphate; the energy currency of the cell

the study of transformations of energy

a biological catalyst, usually a protein, that increases the rate of specific reactions

without being consumed in the reaction.

the energy that must be processed by a molecule in order for it to undergo a

specific chemical reaction.

the biosynthetic or constructive part of metabolism which requires energy input;

those chemical reactions involved in biosynthesis.

in a cell, those metabolic reactions that result in the breakdown of complex

molecules into simpler compounds, often with the release of energy

In biology, which type of energy is considered a "wasted" form?

From the following list, select all that are examples of potential energy:

Radiation, such as heat and light, is considered __________.

According to the lecture, if a cell no longer exchanges molecules or energy with its environment, then the cell is:

Select one or more of the statements below that are part of the Second Law of Thermodynamics:

Select all of the statements below that are part of the First Law of Thermodynamics:

Select one or more of the statements below that are part of the Second Law of Thermodynamics:

Consider a chemical reaction in which the reactants have more energy than the products.

Select from the list below all statements that must also be true about this reaction.

Consider a chemical reaction in which the reactants have more energy than the products.

Select from the list below all statements that must also be true about this reaction.

Consider a chemical reaction in which the reactants have more energy than the products.

Is this reaction "endergonic" or "exergonic"?

Consider a chemical reaction in which the reactants have more energy than the products.

Is this reaction "endergonic" or "exergonic"?

Can these two reactions be coupled?

Reaction1 : C-P --> C + P (ΔG = -8 units)

Reaction2: A + P --> A-P (ΔG = +9 units)

What is being shown in the following chemical reaction:

ATP + H2O --> ADP + P (ΔG = -12 units)

Can these two reactions be coupled?

Reaction1 : A + P --> A-P (ΔG = +1 units)

Reaction2: C-P --> C + P (ΔG = -2 units)

What is being shown in the following chemical reaction:

ADP + P --> ATP (ΔG = +12 units)

If an enzyme requires a particular cofactor or coenzyme, but that ion or molecule is not present, what will happen?

Some poisons act as __________________ toward the respiratory enzymes in your body.

For enzymes that are proteins, which environmental conditions will typically cause them to denature (unfold)? Choose all correct answers.

Starting with the substrate binding to the active site, put the events of the catalytic cycle of an enzyme into the correct chronological order.

1. The stress on the bonds of the substrate causes bonds to break or form.

2. 2. The substrate enters the active site of the enzyme.

3. After the reaction occurs, the products are released. The enzyme is available for another substrate to bind.

4. 4. The substrate and enzyme form the "enzyme-substrate complex," and there is "induced fit" which means the enzyme squeezes or pulls on the substrate.

True or False: According to Professor Buettner's lecture, energy flow through the biosphere is a "dead-end street," rather than a "cycle."

Covalent bonds that are intact are considered to have:

From the following list, select all that are examples of kinetic energy:

Catabolism refers to chemical reactions that are __________

Anabolism refers to chemical reactions that are __________

Based on this starting situation, answer the following question:

If water is the only molecule that can cross the cell membrane via osmosis, and that process is given time to occur, do you predict that the cell will shrink, or get bigger (and maybe even burst)?

Put the following events of protein secretion into the correct chronological order:

1. 1. Proteins are synthesized by ribosomes and deposited in the endoplasmic reticulum space.

2. The vesicle is moved along microtubule tracks to the Golgi.

3. The vesicle travels to the plasma membrane, fusing with it, and dumping the proteins out of the cell.

4. The vesicle fuses with the Golgi and the proteins are dumped into the Golgi space.

5. A vesicle containing proteins buds off of the endoplasmic reticulum.

6. The proteins are modified and sorted, and a new vesicle buds from the Golgi.

The cell is the fundamental unit of life, all cells come from other cells by cell division, and all organisms are composed of one or more cell

These three statements together are called:

The cytoskeleton serves to provide support and shape for the cell, and also for

Put the following events of intracellular digestion into the correct chronological order:

1. Large macromolecules are brought into the cell in a vesicle called the "food vacuole"

2. The food vacuole fuses with a lysosome, and hydrolytic enzymes mix with the macromolecules.

3. Hydrolysis of the macromolecules occurs, and the monomers produced are allowed to pass out of the lysosome into the cytosol.

4. Any remaining undigested materials are released out of the cell by the fusion of the lysosome with the plasma membrane.

The peroxisome is an organelle that