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WorksheetsCh. 2 & 3 Savvas Physical Science Exam Review
Total questions: 107
Worksheet time: 1hrs 18mins
Is the following sentence true or false? Every sample of a pure substance has exactly the same composition and the same properties.
True
False
What are the two categories of pure substances?
a. Elements
b. Compounds
Molecules
Matter
What is an element?
A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
A mixture of two or more substances
A compound formed by chemical reactions
A solution of metals
Is the following sentence true or false? The smallest particle of an element is an atom.
True
False
An element has a fixed, uniform composition because:
It is made up of only one type of atom
It contains multiple types of atoms
It can be broken down into simpler substances
It varies in composition
Choose the letters of each element that is a gas at room temperature.
a. carbon
b. oxygen
c. mercury
d. nitrogen
What is a compound?
A substance formed from two or more elements chemically bonded together
A mixture of different substances
A single element in its pure form
A physical combination of substances
Choose the letter(s) of each sentence that is true about compounds.
A compound always contains at least two elements.
The substances that make up a compound are always joined in a fixed proportion.
A compound has the same properties as the elements from which it is formed.
A compound can be broken down into simpler substances.
The properties of a mixture vary because:
The components retain their individual properties.
The components chemically react with each other.
The components are in fixed proportions.
The components form a new substance.
A(n) (a) mixture is a mixture whose parts are noticeably different from one another.
Is the following sentence true or false? A homogeneous mixture is a mixture in which it is difficult to distinguish the substances from one another.
True
False
A mixture can be classified as a solution, a suspension, or a colloid based on the size of its (a) particles.
Choose the letter of the term that identifies the homogeneous mixture that forms when sugar is dissolved in a glass of hot water.
solution
suspension
colloid
substance
Circle the letter before each example of a colloid.
windshield wiper fluid
fog
homogenized milk
muddy water
Is the following sentence true or false? If salt water is poured through a filter, the salt will be trapped on the filter.
True
False
Is the following sentence true or false? A compound can be separated into its elements by physical means.
True
False
Which of the following is an example of a heterogeneous mixture?
Salt water
Air
Sand and iron filings
Vinegar
What is the main difference between a mixture and a compound?
Mixtures are chemically bonded, compounds are not
Compounds are chemically bonded, mixtures are not
Mixtures have a fixed composition, compounds do not
Compounds can be separated by physical means, mixtures cannot
A physical property is any characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the ________ of the substances in the material.
color
state
composition
texture
Why is a wooden spoon a better choice than a metal spoon for stirring a boiling pot of soup?
Wood is a better conductor of heat.
Metal is a better conductor of heat.
Wood is more malleable.
Metal is more malleable.
Is the following sentence true or false? A liquid with a high viscosity flows more slowly than a liquid with a low viscosity at the same temperature.
True
False
Is the following sentence true or false? Discovering which of two materials can scratch the other is a way to compare the hardness of the materials.
True
False
Match the term to its definition: Viscosity
The ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering
The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas
The resistance of a liquid to flowing
The ability to allow heat to flow
Match the term to its definition: Malleability
The ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering
The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas
The resistance of a liquid to flowing
The ability to allow heat to flow
Match the term to its definition: Melting Point
The ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering
The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas
The resistance of a liquid to flowing
The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid
Which of the substances in the lists below are gases at room temperature?
Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Ammonia
Octane, Water, Acetic acid
Hydrogen, Octane, Water
Nitrogen, Ammonia, Acetic acid
Two processes that are commonly used to separate mixtures are __________ and __________.
Filtration and distillation
Filtration and evaporation
Distillation and condensation
Evaporation and condensation
Explain how filtration separates materials based on the size of their particles.
By using a filter that allows smaller particles to pass through while trapping larger particles
By heating the mixture until one component evaporates
By cooling the mixture until one component solidifies
By using a magnet to attract magnetic particles
Explain why distillation works for converting seawater into fresh water.
Because it involves heating seawater until it evaporates and then condensing the vapor back into liquid
Because it involves freezing seawater and then melting the ice
Because it involves using a filter to remove salt particles
Because it involves adding chemicals to remove salt
Explain why the boiling of water is a physical change.
Because it changes the state of water from liquid to gas without changing its chemical composition
Because it changes the chemical composition of water
Because it involves a chemical reaction
Because it changes the color of water
Choose the letter(s) for (a) that is a reversible physical change.
What is an example of a physical property?
Silver is shiny
Alcohols are flammable
Alkali metals are reactive with water
Acids are sometimes corrosive
____________is a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the sample’s composition.
physical property
chemical property
Is the following sentence true or false? The liquid paraffin that is pulled up the wick in a candle do not chemically change when a candle burns.
True
False
Circle the letters of the compounds formed when a candle burns.
paraffin
hydrogen
water
carbon
What is a chemical property?
A characteristic that can be observed without changing the substance
A characteristic that describes the ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change
A measure of the amount of matter in an object
A measure of the gravitational force on an object
Is the following sentence true or false? Flammability is a material’s ability to burn in the presence of carbon dioxide.
True
False
The property that describes how readily a substance combines chemically with other substances is (a) .
Choose the letter(s) of each property that is a chemical property.
hardness
density
flammability
reactivity
Is the following sentence true or false? Nitrogen is a more reactive element than oxygen.
True
False
Why isn’t iron used to make coins?
Iron is too heavy.
Iron is too expensive.
Iron rusts easily.
Iron is too rare.
What is the benefit of pumping nitrogen gas into seawater that is stored in steel tanks?
It prevents corrosion of the steel tanks because nitrogen is less reactive than oxygen.
It increases the oxygen content in the seawater.
It helps in the desalination process.
It reduces the temperature of the seawater.
A(n) (a) change occurs when a substance reacts and forms one or more new substances.
Which of the following are examples of chemical changes?
Melting of ice
Rusting of iron
Boiling of water
Burning of wood
Circle the letters of examples of evidence for a chemical change.
a. a change in color
b. a filter trapping particles
c. the production of a gas
d. the formation of a solid precipitate
Is the following sentence true or false? When iron is heated until it turns red, the color change shows that a chemical change has taken place.
True
False
When matter undergoes a chemical change, the composition of the matter (a) .
What are three common states of matter?
Solid, Liquid, Gas
Solid, Liquid, Plasma
Liquid, Gas, Plasma
Solid, Gas, Plasma
Circle the letter of each phrase that describes how particles at the atomic level are arranged within most solids.
randomly arranged
packed close together
arranged in a regular pattern
spaced far apart
Is the following sentence true or false? A liquid takes the shape of its container.
True
False
What is the state of matter in which a material has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume?
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
What determines the shape and volume of a gas?
The container it is in
The temperature
The pressure
The type of gas
On the sun, where temperatures are extremely high, matter exists in a state known as __________.
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
The state of matter that can only exist at extremely low temperatures is called a _________.
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Bose-Einstein condensate
Which of the following describes all particles of matter in the kinetic theory of matter?
randomly arranged
constant temperature
in constant motion
orderly arrangement
Is the following sentence true or false? There are forces of attraction among the particles in all matter. However, in gases, these forces are considered negligible.
True
False
Do forces of attraction have a stronger effect on the behavior of particles in a gas or in a liquid?
Gas
Liquid
Which factor affects the behavior of liquids?
fixed location of particles
orderly arrangement of particles
forces of attraction among particles
Solids have a(n) __________ volume and shape because particles in a solid vibrate in __________ locations.
definite, fixed
definite, random
indefinite, fixed
indefinite, random
Water is an example of which state of matter?
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
Which state of matter has a definite volume but no definite shape?
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
In considering one particular substance in multiple states, In which state of matter do particles have the highest energy?
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
Which of the following is a property of both gases and liquids?
Fixed shape
Fixed volume
Ability to flow
Incompressibility
Which of the following is NOT a physical state of matter?
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Heat
Which unit is used to express amounts of pressure?
newton
joule
pascal
kilopascal
What causes the pressure in a closed container of gas?
The weight of the gas
The force of the gas particles hitting the walls of the container
The temperature of the gas
The volume of the gas
Which of the following factors affect the pressure of an enclosed gas?
Temperature, volume, and number of particles
Temperature, volume, and mass
Volume, mass, and density
Temperature, mass, and density
In a closed container, increasing the temperature of a gas will decrease the force with which particles hit the walls of the container. Is this statement true or false?
True
False
What effect does raising the temperature of a gas have on its pressure, if the volume of the gas and the number of its particles are kept constant?
It decreases the pressure
It increases the pressure
It has no effect on the pressure
It decreases the volume
How does reducing the volume of a gas affect its pressure if the temperature of the gas and the number of particles are constant?
It decreases the pressure
It increases the pressure
It has no effect on the pressure
It decreases the temperature
Increasing the number of particles of a gas will ________ its pressure if the temperature and the volume are constant.
decrease
increase
not change
decrease the volume
Jacques Charles recorded the behavior of gases on a graph. His data showed that the volume of a gas increases at the same rate as the ________ of the gas.
pressure
temperature
number of particles
volume
A temperature equal to 0 K on the Kelvin temperature scale is known as ________.
absolute zero
freezing point
boiling point
room temperature
What does Charles’s law state?
The volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure.
The volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature.
The pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature.
The number of particles in a gas is directly proportional to its volume.
If the temperature and number of particles of gas in a cylinder do not change, and the volume of the cylinder is reduced by half, the pressure of the gas will be ________ as the original pressure.
the same
half
double
quadruple
Boyle’s law states that there is an inverse relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas. Choose the letter of the correct expression of this relationship.
P1V1 = P2V2
P1V2 = P2V1
P1/V1 = P2/V2
P1P2 = V1V2
Circle the letters of the factors that are included in the expression of the combined gas law.
temperature
number of particles
volume
pressure
The picture shows two completely identical mason jars. They're both filled with the same gas, only one of them has more in it (more molecules). What can you say about the pressures of both jars?
P1 > P2 (greater pressure in jar 1)
P1< P2 (greater pressure in jar 2)
P1 = P2 (same pressure in both)
There's not enough info to tell
As you push down the plunger of air pump, the pressure inside the cylinder of the pump...
decreases
increases
remains the same
Which container will have lower pressure?
First container
second container
What is a phase change?
A change in temperature
A change in the state of matter
A change in color
A change in volume
Match the term with the letter of the phase-change description that best describes it.
Gas to liquid
Condensation
Liquid to solid
Freezing
Gas to solid
Deposition
Liquid to gas
Vaporization
Solid to gas
Sublimation
What happens to the temperature of a substance during a phase change?
It increases
It decreases
It remains constant
It fluctuates
Is the following sentence true or false? The temperature at which a substance freezes is lower than the temperature at which it melts.
True
False
Circle the letter that describes the behavior of a substance during a phase change.
neither absorbs nor releases energy
only absorbs energy
only releases energy
either absorbs or releases energy
A substance absorbs energy from its surroundings during a(n) ________ change.
exothermic
endothermic
physical
chemical
The energy absorbed by one gram of ice as it melts is known as the ________ for water.
heat of fusion
heat of vaporization
specific heat
thermal energy
As water freezes, it releases heat to its surroundings. Freezing is an example of a(n) ________ change.
endothermic
exothermic
physical
chemical
Water molecules have a more orderly arrangement in ice than in liquid water.
True
False
When liquid water freezes at 0 Celsius, the average kinetic energy of its molecules ___________ because the temperature does not change, however the arrangement of the molecules becomes more orderly.
increases
decreases
remains the same
fluctuates
Vaporization is the phase change in which a substance changes from a(n) ________ into a(n) ________.
solid, liquid
liquid, gas
gas, liquid
solid, gas
The energy absorbed by one gram of water as it changes from its liquid phase into water vapor is known as the ________ for water.
heat of fusion
heat of vaporization
specific heat
thermal energy
When water vapor collects above the liquid in a closed container, the pressure caused by the collisions of this vapor and the walls of the container is called vapor pressure.
True
False
The phase change in which a substance changes from a gas into a liquid is called ________.
vaporization
condensation
sublimation
deposition
A gas absorbs energy as it changes into a liquid.
True
False
Dry ice can change directly from a solid to a gas without forming a liquid first. This process is an example of ________.
condensation
deposition
sublimation
vaporization
What is deposition?
The process in which a gas changes directly into a solid without forming a liquid first.
The process in which a solid changes directly into a gas without forming a liquid first.
The process in which a liquid changes into a gas.
The process in which a gas changes into a liquid.
Which state of matter is steam?
solid
liquid
gas
plasma
What is the boiling point of water?
3.3 What weather precipitation occurs when water vapor changes directly to a solid?
rain
snow
mist
wind
