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WorksheetsNC EOG ESS
Total questions: 151
Worksheet time: 3hrs 29mins
Where is the majority of Earth's freshwater located?
clouds
Pacific Ocean
polar ice caps
rivers
The population density of marine life is denser along the shorelines of the ocean than farther out in the deep waters of the ocean. Which statement provides the BEST reason for this situation?
Ocean currents prevent many smaller marine organisms from living in deep water.
The shallow waters have fewer predators.
Coastal waters are less polluted than the deeper waters of the ocean.
There are more nutrients in shallow waters.
Which is an example of a physical change?
boiling
burning
rotting
rusting
A scientist has a hypothesis that a large volcanic eruption caused a change in global temperature. Which information gained from ice cores is MOST useful in supporting the scientist's hypothesis?
levels of dissolved oxygen
identities of trace metals
estimates of natural radioactivity
amounts of atmospheric dust
Which project is MOST LIKELY to interest a scientist working at a biotechnology company?
study and reconstruction of fossilized bones
conservation of key species within ecosystems
development of genetically modified corn plants
prevention of sewage leaking into water supplies
Which source of water pollution includes oil and gasoline discharge from automobiles and storm sewer discharge?
agriculture
sedimentation
bacteria
urban runoff
Which BEST explains the importance of dissolved gases in the ocean?
They help control pollution.
They help provide oxygen for aquatic animals.
They help maintain a constant water temperature.
They help maintain constant levels of salinity.
Which BEST describes a bio-indicator?
a species that has a short life span
a species that depends on specific conditions to survive
a species that can adapt to a variety of conditions
a species that has been introduced to an ecosystem
Which substance is composed of more than one element?
water
carbon
gold
sodium
In some environments, wolves prey on deer for their source of food. If all of the wolves were taken from the environment, what would most likely happen to the deer population?
The deer population would increase and begin to compete for food.
The deer population would become larger and healthier animals.
The deer population would decrease, because there would be an increase in disease.
The deer population would change color, because they would not have to hide from wolves.
How are mutualism and parasitism different?
Both organisms benefit in mutualism, while in parasitism only one organism benefits at the other’s expense.
Both organisms benefit in parasitism, while in mutualism only one organism benefits at the other’s expense.
Both organisms benefit in mutualism, while in parasitism one organism benefits, and the other is neither harmed nor benefits.
Both organisms benefit in parasitism, while in mutualism one organism benefits, and the other is neither harmed nor benefits.
What would have the greatest long-term impact on reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air?
planting trees around a farm
cutting down trees around a farm
increasing the number of livestock on a farm
decreasing the number of livestock on a farm
Which is the primary source of energy for most cells in the body?
sugar
fat
protein
vitamin
The table shows the food choices for two species of birds.
Which will most likely happen to Questors as a result of Wood Plaxers migrating to their habitat?
The Questors will compete with the Wood Plaxers for food resources.
The Questors will be forced to fly to a different habitat.
The two species will become extinct.
The two species will coexist with no competition.
What happens to most of the energy as it moves throughout a food web?
It is changed into light energy.
It is changed into heat energy.
It is changed into mass.
It is changed into decomposers.
Where do plants get the food they need for energy?
They absorb it directly from the sun.
They absorb it directly from the soil.
They produce it during photosynthesis.
They receive it from atmospheric gases.
Which best represents the flow of energy within an aquatic ecosystem?
algae → insects → fish → turtle → sunlight
insects → algae → fish → turtle → sunlight
sunlight → insects → algae → fish → turtle
sunlight → algae → insects → fish → turtle
A runner is preparing to run a long race. Which would provide the highest level of energy for the runner?
minerals
carbohydrates
proteins
vitamins
Why are digestion and respiration important to the body?
They control the production of hormones in the body.
They build muscle and bone that the body needs.
They store food for the body.
They help provide the energy needed for body functions.
Which best describes a method of obtaining energy that may cause changes in water temperature and harm to fish populations?
burning coal
using ethanol in cars
installing solar panels on a home
generating electricity in a hydroelectric power plant
Which is a nonrenewable resource?
oil
sunlight
water
wood
Which are most responsible for creating acid rain pollution?
nuclear power plants
coal-burning power plants
hydroelectric power plants
wood-burning power plants
The table shows the estimated energy production (in quadrillions of BTUs) from fossil fuels over a 20-year period.
Which conclusion is best supported by the data?
Dependency on oil has increased, therefore energy production from oil is increasing.
Dependency on oil has increased, therefore energy production from natural gas is decreasing.
Dependency on coal has increased, therefore energy production from coal is increasing.
Dependency on coal has increased, therefore energy production from natural gas is decreasing.
Which is most likely a major concern associated with burning fossil fuels?
Burning fossil fuels can pollute the oceans.
Burning fossil fuels can remove harmful chemicals from precipitation.
Burning fossil fuels can remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Burning fossil fuels can produce smog, which can cause respiratory illnesses.
Which action shows concern for the environment with regards to the resources of the oceans?
developing technology which will allow for an increase in fish harvesting.
allowing factories to release untreated wastewater into the oceans
filling in oceanfront wetlands in order to extend beachfront properties
setting limits on fish harvesting in the oceans
How owuld a large increase in the salinity of an estuary most likely affect the ecosystem of the estuary?
All organisms would die.
All organisms would continue to live as they now do.
The number of salt-tolerant organisms would increase, and the number of salt-intolerant organisms would decrease.
The number of salt-intolerant organisms would increase, and the number of salt-tolerant organisms would decrease.
Which would indicate the water in a lake is not safe for drinking?
many varieties of fish in the lake
high dissolved-oxygen levels in the lake
cold water temperature of the lake
high turbidity levels in the lake
Which best explains why all of the Earth’s freshwater is not available for human use?
Most of Earth’s freshwater is only in lakes.
Most of Earth’s freshwater is underground.
Most of Earth’s freshwater is still in the water cycle.
Most of Earth’s freshwater is frozen water
How can upwellings improve fishing for ocean fishermen?
They cause the ocean water to get warmer.
They cause ocean currents to remain calm.
They bring nutrients from the cold, deep ocean waters
They bring ocean currents from the equator.
If a lake has excess levels of phosphates and nitrates in its water, what will most likely result?
The temperature of the lake water will decrease.
The turbidity levels of the lake will decrease.
The dissolved-oxygen levels in the lake will increase.
The growth of algae in the lake will increase.
What effect does the water cycle have on the total amount of water on Earth?
The total amount of water on Earth is constantly increasing.
The total amount of water on Earth is constantly decreasing.
The total amount of water on Earth remains relatively constant.
The total amount of water on Earth changes due to periods of global warming and cooling.
Which characteristic of water quality provides the most information regarding the health of a water system?
clarity
temperature
concentration of heavy metals
presence of indicator species
Which characteristic of water quality provides the most information regarding the health of a water system?
clarity
temperature
concentration of heavy metals
presence of indicator species
A geologist identifies the identical index fossils in rock layers from two different areas. Which conclusion is best supported by this discovery?
The deposition rate of the two rock layers was identical.
The fossil organism evolved independently in the two separate areas.
The two rock layers were deposited at approximately the same time.
The index fossil will also occur in sediment deposited on top of these rock layers.
Which supports the theory that some mountains were once at the bottom of an ocean?
There are underwater mountains on the ocean floor today.
Freshwater rivers flow to the ocean.
Fossils of marine organisms are found on the tops of some mountains.
Both mountains and ocean floors have similar minerals in their rocks.
Which evidence supports the idea that life on Earth has continually evolved?
evidence from layers of tree rings
evidence from rock layers, fossils, and ice cores
evidence gathered from melting glaciers
evidence that the climate has changed over the past 100 years
Which would most likely increase the genetic variation in a population of organisms?
increase in diseases
decrease in diseases
increase in mutations
decrease in mutations
Which is the most accurate method scientists use to predict the age of Earth?
relative dating of rock layers
radioactive dating of rocks
comparing the ages of different fossils
investigating core samples from the Arctic
Which is the best reason for scientists to study ice cores obtained from Earth’s ice caps?
to evaluate potential oil drilling sites
to study the quality of water stored in glaciers
to determine the rate of melting in polar regions
to study past climates by analyzing trapped gases and particles
Which is the best evidence for evolution?
new rock layers containing fossils of simple organisms
new rock layers containing fossils unlike existing organisms
old rock layers containing fossils unlike existing organisms
old rock layers containing fossils of complex organisms
Which best explains why mammals became dominant after the mass extinction of the dinosaurs?
They had traits that helped them adapt to environmental changes.
They were larger than dinosaurs and ate different foods.
They lived in different areas on Earth than dinosaurs.
They were able to hibernate for thousands of years.
Which demonstrates how genetic variation may result from a change in the environment where an animal lives?
A salmon swims faster as it enters colder waters.
A snake increases its body temperature because it moves on top of a rock in direct sunlight.
A beetle stands out to predators because it moves among plants that have colors different than its own.
An arctic fox changes its color over time because it migrates to an area with a different climate.
Which is the most accurate way of determining the age of a fossil?
radioactive dating
relative dating
dating index fossils
dating the rock layers above the fossil
Which allows scientists to investigate what Earth’s climate was like over the past 740,000 years?
volcanic deposits
fossils
faults
ice cores
Which best describes uniformitarianism?
The time it takes for erosion to occur has changed since Earth first formed.
The movement of the continents no longer occurs because of changes in ocean currents.
The processes that shape the Earth continue as they have since the Earth formed.
The formation of rock layers has slowed because humans have altered the environment.
If a bat, an alligator, and a bird evolved from a common ancestor, what most likely can be concluded?
They have similar anatomical structures.
They live in the same part of the world.
They are in the same biological classification.
They are able to survive changes in their environments.
Recent changes in species can be found in the upper layers of rock. This provides a link between which two scientific ideas?
cell theory and the theory of evolution
the periodic nature of the elements and cell theory
the theory of evolution and the Law of Superposition
the Law of Superposition and the periodic nature of the elements
Which of these would most likely happen to a species that is not able to adapt to a changing environment?
The species would become extinct over time.
The species would develop mutated cells.
The species would develop resistance to disease.
The species would change the environment.
Which of these would most likely happen to a species that is not able to adapt to a changing environment?
The species would become extinct over time.
The species would develop mutated cells.
The species would develop resistance to disease.
The species would change the environment.
Examine the map that shows the river basins of North Carolina and a star that indicates the location of a farm with runoff containing excess nitrates and phosphates.
Which city(ies) need(s) to be concerned with potential algal blooms caused by the excess nitrate and phosphate pollution, and why?
A. Fayetteville; the pollution will only affect the city that is closest to the source.
B. Raleigh and New Bern; the pollution will travel both upstream and downstream within the river basin.
C. New Bern; the pollution will only travel downstream within the river basin.
D. Fayetteville and Wilmington; the pollution will travel directly south regardless of the river basin in which the source is found.
A student makes a model to demonstrate a functioning ecosystem by filling a glass jar with water and adding two goldfish and two butterfly fish. The student’s teacher says that the model could be improved.
What should the student do to improve the model?
A. The student should add more goldfish or butterfly fish to the jar.
B. The student should keep the glass jar in sunlight.
C. The student should change the water of the jar daily.
D. The student should add small rocks and aquatic plants to the jar.
The diagram shows the temperature variations in two regions (X and Y) as ocean depth increases.
Which statement correctly describes the behavior of dissolved gases in each of the two regions?
A. Region Y would contain more dissolved gases than region X as the water is deeper and colder.
B. Region X would contain more dissolved gases than region Y as the water is deeper and colder.
C. Region Y would contain more dissolved gases than region X as the water is shallower and warmer.
D. Region X would contain more dissolved gases than region Y as the water is shallower and warmer.
The graph shows the percentage of crops pollinated by honey bees in the United States.
It has been estimated that more than 10 million beehives were lost in 2013 in the United States due to colony collapse disorder caused by the widespread use of pesticides. How will the decrease in the honey bee population affect the ecosystem?
A. It will increase the percentages of almond and apple crops because insects other than honey bees will help pollinate these crops.
B. It will increase the percentages of cotton and orange crops because these are less dependent on honey bee pollination.
C. It will decrease the percentages of almond and apple crops because lesser numbers of honey bees are available for pollination.
D. It will decrease the percentages of cotton and orange crops because the populations of other insects will also decline along with honey bees.
Which step of water treatment requires an addition of chlorine?
A. aeration of water
B. disinfection of water
C. filtration of impurities
D. sedimentation of impurities
Examine the information showing the aquatic fish and plant species found in a lake and their pH tolerances.
A researcher measures the pH of the lake water as 5.3. Which conclusion correctly describes the effect on aquatic species if additional acidic water is released into the lake?
A. The pH of the lake will increase, making the water less suitable for the survival of trout.
B. The pH of the lake will increase, making the water more suitable for the survival of water lilies.
C. The pH of the lake will decrease, making the water more suitable for the survival of salmon.
D. The pH of the lake will decrease, making the water less suitable for the survival of plankton.
What makes 97% of the water on Earth unfit for drinking?
A. It is highly saline.
B. It is frozen.
C. It has a low density.
D. It has a high specific heat.
A teacher asks her students to classify the substances listed in the table shown as elements, compounds, or mixtures.
A student claims that all of the substances are compounds. Which statement correctly describes the student’s claim?
A. The student’s claim is correct because a substance that contains more than two of the same atom is a compound.
B. The student’s claim is incorrect because a substance that contains more than one element is always a mixture.
C. The student’s claim is incorrect because the atoms in the substances are physically combined to form a mixture.
D. The student’s claim is correct because the atoms in the substances are chemically combined to form a compound.
The table shows four examples of interactions between two organisms.
Which examples represent parasitic relationships?
A. 1 and 3
B. 1 and 4
C. 2 and 3
D. 2 and 4
Use the diagram that shows a river basin with three parts labeled X, Y, and Z to answer the question.
Which option correctly identifies the parts of the river basin labeled X and Y?
A. X: river; Y: tributary
B. X: tributary; Y: estuary
C. X: tributary; Y: river
D. X: river; Y: estuary
Use the diagram that shows a river basin with three parts labeled X, Y, and Z to answer the question.
What process is occurring at the location labeled Z?
A. condensation
B. evaporation
C. infiltration
D. transpiration
The image shows an aquatic food chain. Which organism(s) will be unaffected if the krill are removed from the aquatic food web?
A. fish
B. penguin
C. phytoplankton
D. squid
A student observes four actions, as described in the table.
Which actions are physical changes?
A. P and Q
B. Q and R
C. R and S
D. S and P
In 1911, a small population of 25 reindeer was introduced on Saint Paul Island. The graph shows the increase in the population of reindeer on the island between 1911 and 1940 with four lines (W, X, Y, and Z) that represent the estimated reindeer population by 1950.
If the reindeer population overgrazed their food supply in 1940, which line would likely represent the estimated population of reindeer on the island by 1950?
A. W
B. X
C. Y
D. Z
Which are sources of freshwater on Earth’s surface?
A. atmosphere, rivers, swamps, soil, and living things
B. aquifers, atmosphere, estuaries, rivers, and soil
C. rivers, aquifers, swamps, soil, and oceans
D. oceans, atmosphere, rivers, soil, and living things
A group of researchers analyzed the water samples from four polluted lakes (P, Q, R, and S) for the presence of four different substances, as shown in the table.
Which lakes’ water samples exceed only one of the EPA’s maximum permissible levels?
A. Lakes P and Q
B. Lakes Q and S
C. Lakes Q and R
D. Lakes P and S
A researcher analyzes the water in a stream and observes that the water contains many snails, crayfish, shrimp, caddisflies, mayflies, and stoneflies. These organisms are invertebrates that are used as bioindicators for bodies of water.
What can be concluded correctly about the water in the stream?
A. The presence of any living organisms indicates the water is safe to drink.
B. The presence of many different types of invertebrates indicates the water is polluted.
C. The presence of insects indicates that decomposition is taking place in the water.
D. The presence of a variety of invertebrates indicates that the water is suitable for aquatic life.
Examine the diagram of a food web.
A small population of eagles is introduced in the food web. The eagles feed on mice and reproduce at high rates. What is the most likely consequence of the introduction of eagles in the food web?
A. The eagles will coexist with the hawks.
B. The hawks will prey on grasshoppers.
C. The eagles will compete with the hawks.
D. The hawks will establish a mutualistic relationship with mice.
This chart describes an experiment using a sample of water and three solids made of different substances.
* three different solids were dropped into a wide beaker of water.
*Solid 1 sinks half way down in the water and remains suspended. Solid 2 sinks to the bottom. Solid 3 floats to the top of the water.
Which property of water is being tested?
solubility
cohesion
polarity
buoyancy
Which of the following are factors that could cause extinction?
Destruction of animals' habitat
Climate change
Pollution
Increased human population (more people)
ALL of the above could cause extinction
There is a flu outbreak every 20-40 years, why?
The flu virus becomes immune to antibiotics
The flu virus mutates into a new strand
The people all die because of the flu virus
The flu parasite adapts
Which is older: Selective Breeding or Genetic Engineering
Selective Breeding
Genetic Engineering
plants grow better. You divide the
plants into four groups.
Plant Groups Group Music Type
A jazz
B classical
C rock
D none
What is group D called??
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Where is the largest amount of energy found in this food-web
hawk
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mouse
grasshopper
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