Vaccination, healthy lifestyle promotion, regular screenings, public health education.

Ignoring symptoms

Relying solely on herbal remedies

Antibiotic overuse

These initiatives are primarily concerned with increasing healthcare costs.

Health promotion initiatives focus solely on physical fitness activities.

Health promotion initiatives are only relevant to urban areas.

Health promotion initiatives enhance community health by fostering healthy behaviors, raising awareness, and providing resources for disease prevention.

Financial constraints, lack of transportation, inadequate insurance, language barriers, geographic location, and limited provider availability.

High-quality medical education

Universal healthcare access

Excessive healthcare funding

Global health policies have no effect on local health systems.

Global health policies shape local health systems by influencing funding, standards, and practices.

Global health policies only focus on urban health issues.

Local health systems operate independently of global health policies.

It prioritizes funding for health initiatives without evidence.

It ensures decisions are based on the best available evidence, improving health outcomes and resource allocation.

It relies on outdated practices and ignores new research.

It focuses solely on public opinion rather than scientific data.

Community engagement has no impact on the effectiveness of health promotion campaigns.

Community engagement leads to increased competition among health organizations.

Community engagement is primarily focused on individual health rather than collective well-being.

Community engagement enhances health promotion by fostering trust, tailoring initiatives to community needs, and empowering individuals.

Informed consent, equity, potential stigmatization, transparency, and autonomy.

Promotion of unhealthy lifestyle choices

Increased surveillance of personal data

Mandatory vaccination without exceptions

Governments implement policies, fund initiatives, promote vaccinations, and ensure healthcare access to prevent diseases.

Governments have no influence on public health initiatives.

Governments focus solely on treating diseases rather than preventing them.

Governments only provide funding for private healthcare companies.

Regulatory public policy in which the government use regulation, laws and other instruments to deliver desired outcomes.

BPJS is an example of regulatory public policy.

Redistributive public policy aims to reallocate government funds or resources from one group in society to another.

Distributive public policy use government funds to pay for public goods and services.

Improve public health

Ensure equity and access

Quantity assurance

Health resource allocation

Prevention and management of health crisis

Cost control by regulating prices, encouraging best practices

Health promotion, disease prevention, and patient or consumer protection

All of the answers are correct

The example of of distributive public policy is village fund allocation in Indonesia

An example of redistributive policy is regulations published for veterans in Indonesia

Example of regulatory policy is environment regulation such as deforestation, illegal logging, pollution, etc.

An example of constituent public policy is indigenous people rights (including land right, culture heritage, etc.)

Agenda setting

Policy formulation

Policy development

Policy implementation

Limited resources, the complexity of health systems and diverse stakeholder interest

Political interference and lack of will, data and evidence gap, and resistance to change

Health care financing, health inequalities, evolving demographics and transitions

All of the answers are correct