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WorksheetsMICR - Quiz 3 (Lectures 12-15)
Total questions: 44
Worksheet time: 49mins
IL-_ starts clonal expansion of naïve T-cells (begins their activation and proliferation)
In B cell signalling, CD40 must occur for a B cell to bind to a T cell. (a) is present on the T cell and (b) is present on the B – this signal helps B cells in their (c) and proliferation. (d) , a cytokine, is also needed for proliferation and (e) of B cells.
A) _____, an immunomodulatory molecule that CANNOT be inactivated by S1P lyase blocks the S1P receptor on a lymphocyte from recognizing S1P gradient, whereas _____ inhibits the T-cell from leaving the lymph node by downregulating the expression of S1PR1, the receptor itself
B) Most lymphocytes exist in B & T cell zones within ____ pump
FTY720, CD69, white
CD69, FTY720, white
FTY720, CD69, red
CD69, FTY720, red
Which of the following are chemokines that form the gradient that mediates firm binding in recruiting lymphocytes to secondary lymphoid organs (e.g., lymph node)?
CD34
CCL21
CCL19
CCR7
GlyCAM-1
T cells are deposted into lymph nodes by ___ and leave through _______
(a)
Which of the following are present on the endothelial surface during slow rolling that bind to selectins (during the process of recruiting lymphocytes to secondary lymphoid organs)?
CD34
CCL21
ICAM-1
GlyCAM-1
CCR7
Which of the following is the chemokine receptor present on the lymphocyte itself that responds to the gradient that mediates firm binding in recruiting lymphocytes to secondary lymphoid organs (e.g., lymph node)?
CD34
CCL21
CCL19
CCR7
GlyCAM-1
A) True or false? A BCR heavy chain expresses both allelic exclusion and isotypic exclusion
B) The difference between a T1 and T2 transitional B cell, is that there is the complement receptor CD21 present on __
True, T1 transitional B cell
True, T2 transitional B cell
False, T1 transitional B cell
False, T2 transitional B cell
A) Replacement of an autoreactive BCR through ______ is limited to immunoglobulin _____ chain only!
B) If a T1 transitional B cell does not receive the survival signal _____, which is provided by ______ cells, it dies
(a)
Match the binding partners that help guide naïve T cell migration into secondary lymph nodes
LFA-1; present on naive T cell
ICAM-1 present on HEV in arrest
L selectin; present on naive T cell
MadCAM-1 on MALT endothelium; rolling
L selectin; present on naive T cell
CD43 on an HEV
LPAM-1 on naive T cells
MadCAM-1 on MALT endothelium; arrest
What are the known co-receptors for T cells?
(a)
A) True or false? During the progression from an immature B cell to a mature B cell, RNA splicing generates IgD
B) Both chemokines CCL19 & CCL21 are produced by stromal cells called fibroblast reticular cells (FRCs). However, one is also produced by HEV (high endothelial venules). Which one?
True, CCL19
True, CCL21
False, CCL19
False, CCL21
Match the following components of a pre-BCR
Equivalent to the constant region of the light chain
Delta 5
Signaling domains
Ig alpha and Ig beta
Equivalent to the variable region of the heavy chain
VpreB
Order the early stages of B Cell development dependent on bone marrow stromal cells...
Early pro-B cell
Late pro-B cell
Large pre-B cell
Small pre-B cell
Immature B cell
Immature B cells have Ig _____
Mature B cells have Ig _____
Immature B cells have IgM and IgD; Mature B cells have IgM
Immature B cells have IgM; Mature B cells have IgM and IgD
Organize these options into the right categories
IgM
IgD
BAFF receptor
CD21
Much higher level of CD21
IgM and IgD
A) A transcription factor and autoimmune regulator that enables thymic epithelial cells to be presented with tissue-specific (tissues outside the thymus) self-antigens. Once turned on, it starts displaying a sample of peripheral antigens to a T-cell that it may encounter once it leaves the thymus
It is turned on by medullary thymic epithelial cells!
B) In the spleen, white pulp is separated from red pulp by the (a)
Thymic emigration (leaving the thymus) is induced by signaling through the (a) on the thymocyte - its ligand is present in high concentrations in blood and lymph
A) If a new TCR cannot recognize any MHC in your body and there is no affinity, _____ occurs.
If a new TCR cannot discriminate between self and foreign antigens and consequently binds MHC with too much affinity leading to autoimmunity, ______ occurs
B) True or false? The adaptive immune response begins in central/primary lymphoid organs
No selection, negative selection, true
No selection, negative selection, false
Negative selection, no selection, true
Negative selection, no selection, false
A) ______ is an important process that prevents the thymocyte from producing more than one functional β (beta) chain as it continues development - recombination SHUTDOWN! This ensures that every T-cell receptor will only have one type of beta chain with a single specificity.
B) In any developing thymocyte at the DN3 stage, its beta chain can combine _ times before it runs out of genetic machinery due to the presence of _ clusters of D beta and J beta gene segments (type the numbers only for the 2nd and 3rd blanks)
C) Early thymic progenitors (ETPs) get deposited into the _______ of the thymus through blood vessels.
(a)
VDJ recombination of the heavy chain occurs in which stage of B cell development? I.e. what kind of B cell precursor?
Immature B cell
Large pre-B cell stage
Early pro-B cell stage
Late pro-B cell stage
Small pre-B cell
DJ recombination of the heavy chain occurs in which stage of B cell development? I.e. what kind of B cell precursor?
Immature B cell
Large pre-B cell stage
Early pro-B cell stage
Late pro-B cell stage
Small pre-B cell
Light chain occurs in which stage of B cell development? I.e. what kind of B cell precursor?
Immature B cell
Large pre-B cell stage
Early pro-B cell stage
Late pro-B cell stage
Small pre-B cell
Match the 3 checkpoints in T cell development to their descriptions
Medulla
Positive and negative selection
Inner cortex
Outer cortex
Negative selection
Thymocytes in double positive stage
Thymocytes in single positive stage
Thymocyte tests beta chain to see if rearrangement was productive
Tests the formation of a functioning pre-T-cell receptor
Positive selection by cortical thymic epithelial cells (cTECs) which express MHC I & MHC II
Medullary epithelial cells present peripheral antigens
Decide at this point if they want to display CD4 or CD8 on their surface
Happens in DN3 thymocytes
Negative selection by antigen presenting cells (APCs)
Bind to MHC on dendritic cells
TCR alpha rearrangement
Match the 3 checkpoints in B cell development to their descriptions
Large pre-B cell
Immature B-cell
Between a transitional and mature B cell
Negative selection 1
Negative selection 2
Establishes central tolerance
Establishes peripheral tolerance
Tested against foreign (and self) antigens
Self antigens in bone marrow tested against IgM
Occurs in secondary lymphoid organs (e.g., spleen)
Receptor editing can occur
Receptor editing cannot occur
Tests to see if heavy chain rearrangement is productive
Tests if light chain rearrangement is productive
IL-_ is important in T cell commitment and is also provided by stromal bone cells to give a survival signal to B cells.
A _____ thymocyte has rearranged beta & alpha chains, CD3, CD4 & CD8
double negative thymocyte
A) Immature T-cells are known as ______
B) Beta chain combines with pT alpha, otherwise known as a ______ and ___ to make a pre-TCR – this occurs in stage ___
(a)
A) What is the name of the T cell signaling complex which recruits signaling molecules that are activated upon TCR engagement and thus drives T-cell activation?
B) (a) is the FIRST contact that antigen-specific naive T cells have with an antigen.
A) ______ signaling is needed to commit a CLP (common lymphoid progenitor) to T-cell lineage as well as during early thymocyte differentiation.
B) ______ is a receptor on an ETP aka DN1 (early thymic progenitor)
(a)
A) True or false? Within the thymus, macrophages are present in the medulla solely and take care of dying thymocytes.
B) Thymocytes in outer cortex (just deep to the capsule) are _________ while thymocytes in the inner cortex are __________
True, mature cells undergoing selection, immature proliferating cells
False, mature cells undergoing selection, immature proliferating cells
True, immature proliferating cells, mature cells undergoing selection
False, immature proliferating cells, mature cells undergoing selection
Cortical and medullary ______ cells form the _____, which provide signals that T-cells need to undergo maturation & development.
(a)
Categorize the stages in T-Cell Development in the Thymus to their location
DN means double negative; ETP means Early T-cell Precursor / Early thymic progenitor
CD4+ single positive
CD8+ single positive
CD3+CD4+CD8+
Double-Positive
DN1 (ETP)
DN4
DN2
DN3
Once a CLP (common lymphocyte progenitor) enters the thymus and is committed to form a T-cell, it is known as an/a (a)
More than one possible answer; any one will be accepted.
Beta selection (VDJ rearrangement) is where the beta-chain of a TCR rearranges; analogous to heavy chain rearrangement of a BCR. This occurs in which of the following steps?
DN2
DN1
DN4
DN3
In which of the following steps does a thymocyte decide if they become a gamma/delta or alpha/beta T-cell?
Stage 2: Double positive thymocyte
Stage 1: DN2
Stage 1: DN4
Stage 3: Single positive thymocyte
Stage 1: DN1
Match the following markers of double-negative T-cell precursors in the thymus
Receptor for stem cell growth factor
c-KIT
Alpha chain of IL2 receptor (IL2 helps in T-cell development)
CD25
Adhesion molecule that homes stem cells to the thymus, moves them
CD44
A) True or false? Before delta gamma (γδ) T cells enter the periphery, they must gain either coreceptor CD4 or CD8.
B) A(n) _____ chain can rearrange several times with no real limit until it runs out of machinery or gets positively selected.
True, alpha
False, alpha
True, beta
False, beta
CD25, the alpha chain of the IL2 receptor is present in developing T-cells in which of the following steps within the double negative stage?
Pro-T (DN2)
ETP (DN1)
Small pre-T (DN3)
Large pre-T (DN4)
Classify the following steps within the double negative stage as to whether or not CD4, the adhesion molecule that homes stem cells to the thymus (moves them) is present:
Large pre-T (DN4)
Small pre-T (DN3)
Pro-T (DN2)
ETP (DN1)
c-KIT, the receptor for stem cell growth factor is present in developing T-cells in which of the following steps within the double negative stage?
Pro-T (DN2)
ETP (DN1)
Small pre-T (DN3)
Large pre-T (DN4)
Categorize the following stages in B-cell development as antigen dependent vs. antigen independent
Immature B cell
Mature B cell
Transitional B cell
Small pre-B cell
Large pre-B cell
Late pro-B cell
Early pro-B cell
Stem cell
In a BCR light chain, ____ rearranges first totaling _ shots at rearrangement
Lambda light chain genes, 2
Kappa light chain genes, 2
Lambda light chain genes, 4
Kappa light chain genes, 4
A) True or false? Mature T cells are naïve T cells.
B) If the TCR is specific to the antigen presented, ICAM-1 undergoes a conformation change, opening up and binding LFA-1 with high affinity (strong adhesion)
True, True
False, True
True, False
False, False
