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Ichthyology Midterm Examination

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 1hrs 15mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is Ichthyology?

a)

The study of amphibians

b)

The study of reptiles

c)

The study of mammals

d)

The study of fish

2.

Which of the following is NOT a type of fish?

a)

Agnatha

b)

Chondrichthyes

c)

Mammalia

d)

Osteichthyes

3.

What percentage of fish species are found in freshwater habitats?

a)

58%

b)

41%

c)

1%

d)

34%

4.

Who is known for the work 'Systema Naturae'?

a)

Charles Darwin

b)

Marc Elieser Bloch

c)

Georges Cuvier

d)

Carolus Linnaeus

5.

Which fish is known as the largest species?

a)

Dwarf goby

b)

Whale shark

c)

Tuna

d)

Catfish

6.

What is the primary function of gills in fish?

a)

To sense vibrations

b)

To aid in digestion

c)

To extract oxygen from water

d)

To help with buoyancy

7.

Which of the following is a characteristic of Chondrichthyes?

a)

Bony skeleton

b)

Cartilaginous skeleton

c)

Jawless

d)

Freshwater habitat

8.

What is the main purpose of the lateral line in fish?

a)

To aid in swimming

b)

To detect vibrations

c)

To regulate temperature

d)

To assist in feeding

9.

Which of the following is a type of scale found in fish?

a)

Bony

b)

Epidermal

c)

Dermal

d)

Placoid

10.

What is the primary diet of herbivorous fish?

a)

Plants

b)

Detritus

c)

Meat

d)

Both meat and plants

11.

Which organ in fish is responsible for producing bile?

a)

Pancreas

b)

Liver

c)

Intestine

d)

Stomach

12.

What is the term for the study of fish anatomy?

a)

Ichthyology

b)

Morphology

c)

Taxonomy

d)

Physiology

13.

Which of the following is a jawless fish?

a)

Shark

b)

Lamprey

c)

Tuna

d)

Catfish

14.

What is the primary function of fins in fish?

a)

To aid in digestion

b)

To provide propulsion and stability

c)

To sense the environment

d)

To regulate temperature

15.

Which of the following is a characteristic of Osteichthyes?

a)

Bony skeleton

b)

Cold-blooded

c)

Jawless

d)

Cartilaginous skeleton

16.

What type of scales are found in sharks?

a)

Cycloid

b)

Placoid

c)

Ganoid

d)

Ctenoid

17.

Why is the lateral line system important to fish?

a)

It aids in detecting vibrations and pressure changes

b)

It helps in respiration

c)

It assists in digestion

d)

It helps in buoyancy control

18.

Which group of fishes has a skeleton made of cartilage rather than bone?

a)

Chondrichthyes

b)

Osteichthyes

c)

Amphibia

d)

Chondrichthyes

19.

How does a fish with a fusiform body shape primarily benefit?

a)

Better defense against predators

b)

Efficient long-distance swimming

c)

Enhanced camouflaging ability

d)

Ability to live in shallow waters

20.

If a fish has a homocercal caudal fin, what is it adapted for?

a)

Quick bursts of speed

b)

Efficient straight-line swimming

c)

Stability on the seafloor

d)

Maneuverability in confined spaces

21.

Which type of environment would you expect to find fish with ganoid scales?

a)

Deep ocean

b)

Freshwater rivers and lakes

c)

Coral reefs

d)

Open ocean

22.

A fish uses its pectoral fins to hover in place. This adaptation is common in fish that:

a)

Navigate coral reefs

b)

Swim rapidly in open waters

c)

Dwell in muddy riverbeds

d)

Live in deep-sea environments

23.

What structural difference separates Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes?

a)

Chondrichthyes lack paired fins

b)

Osteichthyes have a swim bladder, while Chondrichthyes generally do not

c)

Chondrichthyes have bony skeletons

d)

Osteichthyes lack scales

24.

Based on body shapes, how would you classify a fish that is flattened from top to bottom?

a)

Depressiform

b)

Compressiform

c)

Fusiform

d)

Anguilliform

25.

In an experiment, fish are exposed to varying levels of dissolved oxygen. Which outcome would likely be observed?

a)

Increased growth rates at higher oxygen levels

b)

No change in behavior

c)

Increased predation due to faster movements

d)

Reduced ability to sense predators

26.

If a species of fish shows a significant decline due to water pollution, which conservation strategy would likely be most effective?

a)

Creating artificial reefs

b)

Reducing pollution levels in their habitat

c)

Limiting fishing quotas

d)

Increasing predator populations

27.

Which adaptation would be most advantageous for a fish living in dark, murky water?

a)

Bright coloration

b)

Electroreception

c)

Lunate caudal fin

d)

Large eyes

28.

Design a study to determine the effect of temperature on fish respiration rates. Which method is most appropriate?

a)

Observe fish behavior in various habitats

b)

Measure the fish's oxygen intake at different temperatures

c)

Record fish movement in a controlled tank

d)

Compare species found in different climates

29.

To demonstrate the evolutionary relationship between fish species, which approach would be most effective?

a)

Creating a genetic map

b)

Comparing physical characteristics in a lab

c)

Observing fish behavior in their natural habitats

d)

Studying fish reproduction patterns

30.

What type of caudal fin is characterized by equal-sized lobes?

a)

Homocercal

b)

Heterocercal

c)

Protocercal

d)

Hypocercal

31.

In fish classification, which group includes sharks, rays, and chimaeras?

a)
Amphibia
b)
Chondrichthyes
c)
Osteichthyes
d)
Mammalia
32.

Why is the operculum important for fish?

a)
The operculum provides buoyancy to fish.
b)
The operculum is important for fish because it protects the gills and aids in respiration.
c)
The operculum is used for communication between fish.
d)
The operculum helps fish swim faster.
33.

What is the primary function of gill filaments in fish?

a)
To provide structural support to the gills.
b)
To filter food particles from the water.
c)
To regulate the fish's buoyancy.
d)
The primary function of gill filaments in fish is to facilitate gas exchange.
34.

How does the structure of a fish’s fusiform body shape benefit it in its environment?

a)
The shape makes fish more visible to predators.
b)
The fusiform body shape allows fish to swim efficiently and maneuver easily in water.
c)
The fusiform shape helps fish to float on the surface.
d)
It allows fish to absorb more sunlight for photosynthesis.
35.

If a fish is primarily nocturnal, which feature would be most developed?

a)
Well-developed eyes
b)
Short tails
c)
Bright colors
d)

Strongly developed lateral line

36.

In a laboratory experiment, fish are placed in water with different pH levels. What is the primary outcome likely to be measured?

a)
Survival rates of fish in varying salinity levels.
b)

Respiration responses of fish to different pH levels.

c)
Behavioral changes in fish due to light exposure.
d)
Fish growth rates at different temperatures.
37.

How does the body shape of benthic fish differ from that of pelagic fish?

a)
Benthic fish are larger and more colorful than pelagic fish.
b)
Benthic fish swim in schools, whereas pelagic fish are solitary.
c)
Benthic fish have a flattened body shape, while pelagic fish have a streamlined, torpedo-like shape.
d)
Pelagic fish have a flattened body shape, while benthic fish are elongated.
38.

If a fish has large, rounded pectoral fins, it is likely adapted for:

a)
maneuverability and stability in the water
b)
increased speed in open water
c)
better camouflage against predators
d)
enhanced ability to dive deep
39.

Analyze the difference in reproductive strategies between oviparous and viviparous fish.

a)
Oviparous fish lay eggs externally, while viviparous fish give birth to live young.
b)
Oviparous fish develop inside the mother before being laid as eggs.
c)
Both oviparous and viviparous fish lay eggs in water.
d)
Oviparous fish give birth to live young, while viviparous fish lay eggs externally.
40.

Considering environmental conservation, why is it important to protect spawning areas of fish?

a)
To increase fishing quotas and profits.
b)
It is important to protect spawning areas of fish to ensure their reproduction and survival, which supports biodiversity and ecosystem health.
c)
To create more recreational fishing areas.
d)
To reduce the number of fish in the ocean.
41.

Why might a fish with limited ability to change colors be at a disadvantage?

a)
It may be more vulnerable to predators and less effective in communication.
b)
It can survive in any water condition.
c)
It has a larger size than its predators.
d)
It can swim faster than other fish.
42.

Design a study to examine the effects of light intensity on fish behavior. Which would be a key component?

a)
Use a single light intensity throughout the study.
b)
Conduct the study in natural sunlight only.
c)
Observe fish behavior without any light source.
d)
Establish different light intensity levels in a controlled environment.
43.

You are tasked with creating an infographic about fish scales. Which of these would you include to best illustrate scale types?

a)
Images and descriptions of cycloid, ctenoid, and ganoid scales.
b)
Charts comparing fish sizes
c)
Descriptions of fish habitats
d)
Images of fish without scale types
44.

Which structure helps fish maintain buoyancy?

a)
Gills
b)
Fins
c)
Lungs
d)
Swim bladder
45.

What is the function of chromatophores in fish?

a)
To provide buoyancy in water
b)
To aid in digestion of food
c)
To enhance swimming speed
d)
The function of chromatophores in fish is to change color and patterns for camouflage, communication, and temperature regulation.
46.

Why are fish in deep-sea environments often bioluminescent?

a)
To help them swim faster
b)

To communicate, attract prey, and evade predators.

c)
To regulate their body temperature
d)
To camouflage with the ocean floor
47.

What advantage does a fish gain from having a homocercal tail fin?

a)

Streamlined propulsion for steady swimming

b)
Ability to breathe underwater more efficiently.
c)
Increased speed in open water.
d)
Enhanced camouflage against predators.
48.

Why do fish scales vary in shape and texture among species?

a)
The shape and texture of fish scales are determined by their diet alone.
b)
Fish scales are always smooth and uniform across all species.
c)
Fish scales do not serve any purpose and are purely decorative.
d)

Due to evolutionary adaptations to their environments.

49.

If a fish has bright colors, what can you infer about its likely habitat?

a)
Cold, dark caves
b)
Freshwater lakes and rivers
c)
Coral reefs or shallow, colorful waters.
d)
Deep ocean waters with low light
50.

Which fin modification would you expect in fish that glide above the water's surface?

a)
Elongated, wing-like pectoral fins
b)
Large, flat dorsal fins
c)
Short, rounded pectoral fins
d)
Narrow, elongated caudal fins
51.

If a fish has a pointed snout and sharp teeth, what type of diet does it most likely have?

a)
Carnivorous
b)
Detritivorous
c)
Omnivorous
d)
Herbivorous
52.

When examining fish anatomy, what does the absence of a swim bladder suggest about a fish’s habitat?

a)

It is likely a bottom-dwelling species

b)
The fish is adapted to live in brackish water environments.
c)
The fish prefers warm, stagnant ponds.
d)
The fish is likely a bottom dweller in shallow waters.
53.

Why would a species of fish have larger, more developed eyes?

a)

It is adapted to see in low-light or deep-sea environments

b)
To protect against predators in open water.
c)
To attract mates with their appearance.
d)
To help the fish swim faster.
54.

You’re asked to design an informational brochure on fish skin coloration. Which concept would best explain how coloration helps fish avoid predators?

a)
Fish use sound to avoid predators.
b)
Coloration has no effect on predator avoidance.
c)
Bright colors attract predators.
d)

  • Camouflage and counter-shading

55.

If you wanted to demonstrate the impact of pollution on gill function, which experimental setup would be most effective?

a)

Varying levels of light exposure

b)

Increasing oxygen concentration

c)

Altering tank temperature

d)

Changing water pH levels

56.

What is the primary role of the dorsal fin in fish?

a)
To assist in breathing underwater.
b)
To store energy for long migrations.
c)
To help fish swim faster.
d)

To provide stability and balance.

57.

How do counter-shaded fish benefit in open water?

a)

Their dark tops and light undersides provide camouflage from predators above and below

b)
They have no specific adaptations for open water.
c)
They rely on speed to escape predators.
d)
They use bright colors to attract mates.
58.

Which organ in fish is responsible for producing sperm?

a)
Gills
b)
Ovary
c)
Testes
d)
Liver
59.

Which type of digestive enzyme is primarily involved in breaking down proteins in fish?

a)
Lipase
b)
Amylase
c)
Cellulase
d)

Protease

60.

What is the primary role of the liver in fish digestion?

a)

To produce bile and process nutrients.

b)
The liver regulates the fish's body temperature.
c)
The liver stores oxygen for the fish.
d)
The liver filters toxins from the blood.
61.

Why do herbivorous fish generally have longer intestines than carnivorous fish?

a)
Herbivorous fish have longer intestines to better digest fibrous plant material.
b)
Herbivorous fish have shorter intestines to reduce energy expenditure.
c)
Carnivorous fish have longer intestines to process plant material more efficiently.
d)
Herbivorous fish have longer intestines to absorb more water from their diet.
62.

Which of the following correctly explains external fertilization in fish?

a)
In fish, external fertilization involves the release of eggs and sperm into the water for fertilization.
b)
In fish, fertilization occurs inside the female's body.
c)
Fish fertilize their eggs by laying them on land.
d)
External fertilization in fish involves the use of specialized mating structures.
63.

A fish living in cold water experiences a decrease in metabolic rate. How would this affect its digestion?

a)
The fish's digestion would slow down.
b)
The fish's digestion would remain unchanged.
c)
The fish would stop digesting food altogether.
d)
The fish's digestion would speed up.
64.

If a fish’s gills were damaged, what immediate function would be impaired?

a)
Breathing (oxygen uptake) would be impaired.
b)
Hearing ability would be impaired.
c)
Color perception would be impaired.
d)
Swimming ability would be impaired.
65.

Which characteristic differentiates oviparous fish from viviparous fish?

a)
Oviparous fish lay eggs; viviparous fish give birth to live young.
b)
Oviparous fish have scales; viviparous fish do not have scales.
c)
Oviparous fish are found only in freshwater; viviparous fish are found in saltwater.
d)
Oviparous fish give birth to live young; viviparous fish lay eggs.
66.

Why do carnivorous fish have simpler stomachs compared to herbivorous fish?

a)
Carnivorous fish have more complex stomachs to handle their diet.
b)

Carnivorous fish digest protein-rich diets that are easier to process, unlike herbivorous fish that need complex stomachs for fibrous plant material.

c)
Carnivorous fish require multiple stomachs for their feeding habits.
d)
Herbivorous fish digest protein-rich diets more efficiently.
67.

Which of the following is an example of a hermaphroditic fish?

a)
Goldfish
b)
Betta
c)
Guppy
d)
Clownfish
68.

How does sequential hermaphroditism differ from simultaneous hermaphroditism?

a)
Sequential hermaphroditism changes sex over time, while simultaneous hermaphroditism has both sexes at the same time.
b)

Sequential hermaphroditism occurs only in plants; simultaneous hermaphroditism has both sexes at the same time.

c)

Simultaneous hermaphroditism changes sex over time; Sequential hermaphroditism changes sex over time,

d)
Sequential hermaphroditism has both sexes at the same time.
69.

In protandrous hermaphroditism, which reproductive organ develops first?

a)
Male reproductive organ
b)
Female reproductive organ
c)
Both male and female reproductive organs develop simultaneously
d)
No reproductive organs develop
70.

If a hermaphroditic fish species experiences a significant reduction in female population, how might this affect its reproductive strategy?

a)
The fish will only reproduce during specific seasons.
b)
The fish will stop reproducing altogether.
c)
The fish will migrate to find more females.
d)

Male fish might convert to females.

71.

In a population of protogynous hermaphrodites, what happens when the dominant male is removed?

a)
The largest male takes over as the new dominant male.
b)
The population decreases in size.
c)
All females remain submissive and do not change.
d)
The largest female becomes the new dominant male.
72.

All hermaphroditic fish can self-fertilize.

a)
False
b)

True

73.

Simultaneous hermaphrodites possess both male and female reproductive organs at the same time.

a)

True

b)

False

74.

Hermaphroditism in fish allows flexibility in reproductive roles depending on environmental conditions.

a)

True

b)

False

75.

Which of the following digestive organs does not belong to the group?

a)
Liver
b)
Stomach
c)
Pancreas
d)
Heart
76.

Which of the following fish is NOT a hermaphrodite?

a)
Goldfish
b)
Clownfish
c)
Guppy
d)
Seahorse
77.

Which of the following structures does not belong to the digestive system of fish?

a)
Stomach
b)
Intestines
c)
Gills
d)
Pancreas
78.

Which of the following fish species does not belong in a group known for sequential hermaphroditism?

a)
Grouper
b)
Clownfish
c)

Tuna

d)
Parrotfish
79.

Which family includes lampreys?

a)
Petromyzontidae
b)
Chondrichthyes
c)
Osteichthyes
d)
Actinopterygii
80.

Which of the following does not belong to the class Chondrichthyes?

a)
Sharks
b)

Salmon

c)
Rays
d)
Skates
81.

Which of the following orders includes sharks?

a)

Heterodontiformes

b)

Hexanchiformes

c)

Squaliformes

d)

All of these

82.

Which family does the Giant Trevally (Caranx ignobilis) belong to?

a)
Scombridae
b)
Lutjanidae
c)
Mullidae
d)
Carangidae
83.

Which of the following does not belong to the family Clupeidae?

a)

Sardines

b)

Anchovies

c)

Herring

d)
Mackerel
84.

Which of the following fish belongs to the family Clupeidae?

a)

Sardinella albella

b)

Lutjanus campechanus

c)

Caranx ignobilis

d)

Sphyraena barracuda

85.

Which scientific name corresponds to a species of Manta Ray?

a)

Dasyatis kuhlii

b)

Mobula birostris

c)

Rhincodon typus

d)

Pristis pristis

86.

What is the scientific name of the Banded Needlefish?

a)
Strongylura pterophyllum
b)
Strongylura leptura
c)

Strongylura leiura

d)
Strongylura scomber
87.

Which of the following genus names belongs to the family Serranidae?

a)
Epinephelus
b)
Lutjanus
c)
Mola
d)
Carcharhinus
88.

Which of the following combinations of scientific and common names is incorrect?

a)

Thunnus albacares - Yellowfin Tuna

b)

Carcharodon carcharias - Great White Shark

c)

Sphyrna mokarran - Great Hammerhead

d)

Diodon holocanthus - Longspine Porcupinefish

89.

Evaluate which of these fish species, known by scientific name, is a popular aquarium species:

a)

Amphiprion percula

b)

Lutjanus sebae

c)

Thunnus obesus

d)

Carangoides equula

90.

Which of the following scientific names could belong to a species that is highly endangered?

a)

Lutjanus argentimaculatus

b)

Rhincodon typus

c)

Pterocaesio tile

d)

Arius thalassinus

91.

Provide at least one (1) scientific name of Sardines.

4 lines
92.

Provide at least one (1) scientific name of Spotted catfish.

4 lines
93.

What is the scientific name of Flat needlefish.

4 lines
94.

What is the scientific name of African pompano.

4 lines
95.

What is the scientific name of Yellowspotted trevally?

4 lines
96.

What if the scientific name of Shortfin scad?

4 lines
97.

What is the scientific name of Milkfish?

4 lines
98.

Which of the SorSU CORE values or characteristics do you possess? why? (10 points)

4 lines
99.

What are the five core values of Sorsogon State University? Correct spelling wrong (20 points)

4 lines
100.

SORSU VISION:

A research university with a culture of excellence in developing globally competitive and (a)   and professionals.

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