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WorksheetsOceanography 2001 Review
Total questions: 82
Worksheet time: 1hrs 9mins
How do plate Tectonics effect the earth?
What are the different types of Tectonic Plate movements?
What percentage of the Earth's surface is covered by oceans?
Over 50%
Over 60%
Over 70%
Over 80%
Which of the following is NOT a discipline within oceanography?
Geo
Bio
Chemical
Astro
Which ocean is the most shallow?
Pacific Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Indian Ocean
Arctic Ocean
How can ocean depth be measured indirectly?
By using a ruler
By measuring the weight of the water
By using pressure, sound waves, satellites, etc.
By calculating the temperature of the water
What geological feature correlates with the youngest seafloor?
Mountain ranges
Ocean ridges
Subduction zones
Continental shelves
Where do hydrothermal vents typically occur?
Near coastlines
In deep ocean trenches
Near mid-ocean ridges and rises
In freshwater lakes
What type of crust is the continental crust usually compared to the oceanic crust?
Basaltic and thinner
Granitic and lighter/thicker
Sedimentary and denser
Metamorphic and similar in thickness
Which of the following factors can cause salinity to vary?
River runoff
Sea ice formation
Evaporation
All of the above
How does the presence of oxygen in our atmosphere affect the ocean in a biological lens? Provide specific examples that we discussed in class.
Explains why
Describes what
Based primarily on observations, but is supported by evidence
Can be changed with new evidence
Based on prior knowledge
Proposed answer to a question based on limited evidence
Can lead to a theory
Can a scientific theory become so well established that it becomes a scientific law? (a)
How is the origin of Earth's Atmosphere related to its oceans?
Have the oceans always been salty? If not, how did they become salty?
How is chemosynthesis different from photosynthesis?
Chemosynthesis uses sunlight to produce food, while photosynthesis uses chemical energy.
Chemosynthesis uses chemical energy to produce food, while photosynthesis uses sunlight.
The main source of energy for all living things comes from what?
The Moon
Biomass
The Sun
The covalent bonds between hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a water molecule form as a result of _____
sharing of electrons between the atoms
polarity of water molecules
transfer of electrons between atoms
surface tension of water
Latent heat is the quantity of heat gained or lost as a substance undergoes a _____
change in state
change in chemical composition
change in subatomic structure
change in atomic mass
Density of water _____ as temperature ____?
increases/decreases
decreases/increases
decreases/decreases
increases/increases
Typical ocean salinity is ____
35 ppt
45 ppt
20 ppt
50 ppt
The principle of Constant Proportions states that ____
The relative concentrations of major ions in seawater does not change
ocean salinity varies w/ geographical location
the % of sodium varies w/ ocean depth
the % of chloride varies with geographical location
(a) Salinity = Adding fresh water to ocean
(a) Salinity = removing water from ocean
Surface water average pH is __
8.1
8.3
8
7
____ is the abrupt change of density with depth
thermocline
pycnocline
halo cline
___ is what separates ocean layers of different salinity
halocline
thermocline
pycnocline
____ is the abrupt change of temperature with depth
pycnocline
thermocline
halocline
As a result of the Coriolis effect in the northern hemisphere, winds always are deflected ____.
to the right of their original direction
to the left of their original direction
to the east of their original direction
at a 45 degree angle from their original direction
Surface ocean currents are driven primarily by ________ and modified by ________.
wind; the Coriolis effect and land
wind; gravity and density
density differences; the Coriolis effect and land
density differences; differences in salinity and temperature
Equatorial currents are driven by the ________.
trade winds
density
westerlies
woman transport
Compared to an eastern boundary current in a gyre, which of the following statements is true for a western boundary current?
Deeper currents, increased current velocity, warmer water, and narrower current are all true of western boundary currents
warmer water
narrower current
deeper current
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is an example of a ________.
divergent plate boundary
convergent plate boundary (continent-continent)
transform fault boundary
convergent plate boundary (continent-oceanic)
Deep ocean trenches are associated with ________.
rift valleys
transform faults
subduction zones
turbidity currents
Which of the following is characteristic of continental-continental convergent plate boundaries?
Volcanic island arcs
Uplifted mountain ranges
Fracture zones
Mid-ocean ridges
The Hawaiian Islands are located where the Pacific plate is ________.
moving over a hot spot or mantle plume
being subducted beneath the North American plate
being thrust over the North American plate
being thrust under Japan
Large volcanoes on the seafloor that are cone-shaped on top because they never reached sea level are called ________.
seamounts
mantle plumes
tablemounts
hotspots
The four principal ocean basins (plus an additional ocean) on Earth are the ________.
Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Southern, and Arctic Oceans
Antarctic, Arctic, Indian, Pacific, and Southern Oceans
Atlantic, Antarctic, Southern, Mediterranean, and Pacific Oceans
Antarctic, Caspian, Southern, Indian, and Pacific Oceans
A tentative, testable statement about the general nature of a phenomenon is called a/an ________.
observation
hypothesis
theory
law
Plate tectonics and evolution, which are held with a high degree of confidence because of rigorous testing and verification, are examples of ________.
theories
laws
observations
hypotheses
The method that is used most frequently to investigate sediment and rock layers of the sea floor is ________.
sound waves (specifically seismic reflecting profiling)
satellite observation
drilling
direct observation
Satellites are used to map the ocean floor because ________.
the shape of the ocean surface reflects large features on the seafloor
they can only "see" small areas of the seafloor at one time
they can't cover areas where ships have not produced surveys
they are affected by surface weather
The correct order of seafloor features from the coast to the mid-ocean ridge is ________.
shelf, slope, rise, abyssal plain
rise, abyssal plain, slope, shelf
abyssal plain, rise, slope, shelf
slope, rise, shelf, abyssal plain
Underwater avalanches of muddy water mixed with rocks and debris are ________.
turbidity currents
white smokers
deep sea fans
black smokers
Volcanic peaks on the deep-ocean floor with conical tops are called ________.
seamounts
tablemounts
oceanic trenches
submarine canyons
Coral reefs
can be found at latitudes about 60 degrees
form when underwater volcanoes are thrust upward during tectonic event
includes atolls, barrier, and fringing reefs
are most common in deep and cold sub-tropical basins
Deep sea fish typically have _ metabolism than shallower water fish.
faster
slower
Which of the following is true about deep sea conditions?
the salinity change is much higher
there are vast differences between the temperature the deeper you go
the season has little to do with the temperature at deeper depths
There is _ dissolved oxygen at depth than in shallower waters.
more
less
Propose a suggestion as to why deep sea invertebrates are bright red in color?
fish are colorblind
red is the first color to be lost at depth
Which of the following is the best answer choice?
mesopelagic fish have large eyes, abyssal and hadalpelagic fish have reduced eyes
mesopelagic fish have reduced eyes, abyssal/pelagic fish have large eyes
Which of the following is NOT an adaptation of deep sea organisms?
large mouths designed to eat objects that are bigger than them
dorsal spine projections to use as lures
invertebrates may be larger than their shallow water counterparts
fish are always smaller than their shallow water counterparts
T/F: The lateral line of a fish helps them detect electrical differences within the water.
True
False
Where are the clicks produced in organisms that use echolocation?
nasal sac behind the melon
the brain
the melon
Baleen whales do not have teeth, what suborder of Cetacea are they part of?
Mysticeti
Odontoceti
Toothed-whales are part of the Order Cetacea, what suborder are they in?
Odontoceti
Mysticeti
Which of the following is NOT true about the difference between a dolphin and a porpoise?
dolphins have elongated beaks and porpoises have short beaks
dolphins have a triangular dorsal fin and porpoises have a curved dorsal fin
dolphins have cone shaped teeth and porpoises have spade shaped teeth
Which of the following is NOT true about the difference between seals and sea lions?
seals do not have ear flaps, sea lions do have ear flaps
seals cannot rotate their pelvis, sea lions can rotate their pelvis
seals do not have claws, sea lions do have claws
seals have small front flippers, sea lions have large front flippers
Which of the following is true about temperature as it is related to water?
water has a higher thermal conductivity than air
you lose heat faster in water than in air
it is more advantageous to be an organism that is larger because they have a low SA/V ratio
all of the above
Many coral reefs thrive in ________ waters, where sunlight can easily reach them.
polluted
dark
shallow
vast
Overfishing can have a ________ impact on fish populations and the overall health of ocean ecosystems.
positive
negative
neutral
minimal
Factories that ________ toxic waste into the ocean contribute to the decline of marine life and overall water quality.
release
remove
produce
recycle
What is a leading cause of the decline in fish populations and coral reefs?
Deforestation
Pollution
Climate Change
Habitat
How do ocean currents affect global climate?
They have no impact on climate
They help distribute heat around the planet
They only affect coastal regions
They are responsible for creating storms
What is the primary threat to coral reefs worldwide?
Overfishing
Climate change
Pollution
Invasive species
What is the role of marine reserves?
To increase fishing quotas
To protect marine biodiversity
To promote industrial development
To facilitate underwater tourism
How do ocean acidification and climate change affect marine life?
They have no effect on marine life
They enhance coral growth
They disrupt food chains and habitats
They increase fish populations
What is homeostasis?
The process by which organisms maintain a stable internal environment.
The process by which organisms change their external environment.
The process by which organisms reproduce.
The process by which organisms migrate.
This is the biggest ocean basin.
Indian
Atlantic
Pacific
This is the habitat on the ocean floor.
Oceanic
Benthic
Pelagic
High tides are higher when it is the _____.
Spring tide
Neap tide
This is the shallow shoreline.
Littoral zone
Neritic zone
Benthic zone
Pelagic zone
The pelagic zone below 6,000 m is called the ____.
Mesopelagic zone
Bathypelagic zone
Abyssal zone
Hadal zone
These are found mainly between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn.
Salt marshes
Mangrove forests
Drag the labels to the correct the locations on the diagram.
convergent boundary
Mid-ocean Ridge
trench
divergent boundary
Label each plate boundary.
Which layer of the ocean would have the highest water pressure
Deep in the ocean, the temperature is near (a) . There is little (b) and living things are generally scarce. One area that contains a lot of life is the (c) . In this area, water sinks into (d) in the ocean floor, where it is (e) before it rises back into circulation.
As you swim deeper towards the ocean floor, (a) and (b) increase.
