Emma wants to find out how the amount of sunlight affects the growth of her plants. What factor should she change when testing her hypothesis?

Charlotte is conducting an experiment to see how different amounts of sunlight affect the growth of her plants. She makes sure to use the same type of soil, the same amount of water, and the same type of plant in each pot. What is the term for the factors that remain the same throughout her experiment?

Grace is conducting a science experiment and needs to collect information about what she observes. Which component of the scientific method is she using when she gathers data in an orderly way?

Mia notices that some plants in her garden grow faster than others. She starts to speculate about what might be causing this difference and tries to come up with a sensible explanation. What is this process called?

Emma says, "If it rains, then I will bring an umbrella." In this if/then statement, what is the “then” part called?

What term describes the following sentence: “If Abigail owns a dog, then she has a pet”?

Daniel and his team are working on designing a new type of water bottle. After researching and developing possible solutions to the problem, what step should they take next in the engineering design process?

Scarlett is curious about what everything around her is made of. She decides to learn more about the study of matter. What is this field called?

Benjamin observes that every time it rains, the grass in his yard becomes wet. He starts to wonder about the relationship between rain and wet grass. What is the ultimate purpose of Benjamin's inductive reasoning?

Grace wants to start a small garden in her backyard. She is trying to decide what type of soil will help her plants grow best. In what type of soil do plants grow best?

Hannah is helping her family start a garden and notices that the soil in different parts of the yard has different colors. Which of the following is most likely affecting the soil color?

Mia is growing vegetables in her garden and wants to ensure healthy cell division, growth, and maturation of her plants. Which primary plant food element should she focus on providing?

Priya is trying to solve a mystery. She knows a statement of fact that can be used to make a conclusion. What do logicians call this kind of statement?

While digging a well, David notices that water does not easily pass through a certain layer of bedrock. What term describes the ability of this bedrock to inhibit water from easily passing through?

David conducts several experiments to understand why a certain plant grows faster in one type of soil than another. After gathering a set of facts from his experiments, he uses them to explain the plant's growth. This explanation is a(n) _________?

Grace notices that her phone battery doesn't last very long. She decides to use her knowledge of science to design a new type of battery that lasts longer. The use of science to solve practical problems like this is called _________.

Elijah is trying to predict the outcome of a science experiment based on a general scientific principle. The hypothesis he forms is made using _________ reasoning.

When Grace sneezed, the power went out. To say, based on this evidence, that Grace's sneeze caused the power to malfunction is a logic error called the _________ fallacy.

Priya is conducting an experiment to test the acidity and basicity of different household liquids. She records her results using the _________, which has values from 0 to 14.

Charlotte is starting a small garden and wants to make sure her plants have the essential nutrients they need to grow. She learns that the three basic soil substances that plants need to live are called the _________.

Michael is helping his teacher in the school garden. He notices that one soil layer contains more mineral material and less organic material than the others. Which layer is he observing?

Ava is helping her parents in their garden. She notices that the top 5 to 15 cm of soil is darker and softer than the layers below. What is this layer called?

Elijah is helping his teacher in the school garden. He notices that some soil feels very smooth and sticky, and the particles are packed very closely together. What soil material is Elijah most likely touching?

Lily is learning about how different nutrients help plants grow. She wonders which of the following is part of potassium's primary function for plants. What should she choose?

Scarlett is planting flowers in her garden and wants to choose a soil that allows the most air and water to reach the roots. Which type of soil should she use?

During a heavy rainstorm, Evelyn notices that water quickly runs off certain areas of her backyard. Which type of soil in her yard allows the most rain to run off?

Kai is studying the nitrogen cycle in his backyard garden. He learns that certain bacteria help return nitrogen to the atmosphere by converting nitrogen from nitrates into atmospheric nitrogen. What type of bacteria is Kai learning about?

Ethan is learning about how nutrients enter the soil in his garden. He discovers that a basic compound of nitrogen and hydrogen enters the soil through the action of certain bacteria and the decay of plants and animals. What is this compound?

Emma is digging in her backyard and wonders what the general term is for water found below the soil's surface. What is it called?

Emma is digging a well in her backyard and discovers a layer of either porous rock or gravel-soil mixture that holds water. What is this layer called?

Charlotte is digging a well in her backyard and wants to know what the surface of the water under the ground is called. What is it?

Luna is designing a new type of backpack. What are the minimum characteristics that her design must have to function at all?

Hannah is designing a new type of backpack and wants to create a model of her design to test how well it works. What is this model called?

Benjamin is conducting an experiment in his science class. Which of the following is a reason that logic is needed in his experiment?

William is conducting an experiment to test a new medicine. Why can William never be absolutely certain that his scientific idea is proven beyond all doubt?

William observes that every time he waters his plants regularly, they grow healthier. He concludes that watering plants regularly leads to healthier growth. What type of reasoning is William using to reach this general conclusion from specific evidence?

Mason is trying to figure out why his plant is not growing. He sets up two pots with the same type of soil, the same amount of sunlight, and the same amount of water. The only difference is that one pot has fertilizer and the other does not. What form of inductive reasoning is Mason using by comparing these two situations that are the same except for one factor?

Priya is building a small version of a city to help her classmates understand how traffic flows. What is anything that provides a partial representation of something else?

Mason is studying different types of soil for his science project. To provide standard names and descriptions of the soil colors, what tool should Mason use?

Maya is learning about what keeps our bodies healthy. She wants to know what the term is for a nourishing substance that helps us grow and stay strong. What is the term for a nourishing substance?

When Nora dips one end of a paper towel into a glass of water, she notices the water moves upward through the tiny spaces in the towel. What is this upward movement of water in response to surface tension called?

MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE: If the statement is true, write true in the blank. If it is false, replace the underlined word(s) with the word(s) that will make the statement true.

David is conducting an experiment and states: The ability of a hypothesis to be proven false is falsifiability.

MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE: If the statement is true, write true in the blank. If it is false, replace the underlined word(s) with the word(s) that will make the statement true.

After seeing dark clouds in the sky, Jackson decides it will probably rain soon. This conclusion based on reasoning is an inference.

MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE: If the statement is true, write true in the blank. If it is false, replace the underlined word(s) with the word(s) that will make the statement true.

Jenna is designing and building a model bridge that must be able to hold 5 kg. She has decided to build her bridge using craft sticks and glue. The bridge's ability to hold 5 kg is a constraint.

MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE: If the statement is true, write true in the blank. If it is false, replace the underlined word(s) with the word(s) that will make the statement true.

Abigail is studying science and reads: "If an object is a planet, then it orbits the sun. Mercury is a planet." Drawing a conclusion about Mercury based on this information would be inductive reasoning.

MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE: If the statement is true, write true in the blank. If it is false, replace the underlined word(s) with the word(s) that will make the statement true.

Emma says: "If a car is electric, then it does not need gasoline. The truck in the driveway needs gasoline. Therefore, the truck is not electric." The conclusion is made using the type of inference called affirming the antecedent.

MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE: If the statement is true, write true in the blank. If it is false, replace the underlined word(s) with the word(s) that will make the statement true.

Noah performed an experiment multiple times with all factors as close to the same as possible. Because he came to the same conclusion each time, this experiment has reproducibility.

MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE: If the statement is true, write true in the blank. If it is false, replace the underlined word(s) with the word(s) that will make the statement true.

While helping Scarlett with her science project, Noah says that soil material derived from living organisms is mineral material.

MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE: If the statement is true, write true in the blank. If it is false, replace the underlined word(s) with the word(s) that will make the statement true.

Harper tests a soil sample and finds its pH is 9. This means the sample is basic.

Nora wants to determine what type of rock dissolves most quickly in vinegar. She gathers three samples each of five different types of rocks. She weighs the rock samples before putting them to soak in vinegar and weighs them every day thereafter. What is the rocks’ weight in her experiment?

Aliyah is using the scientific method to determine what type of fertilizer she should use on her tomato plants. She has already read about different types of fertilizers and the nutritional requirements of tomato plants. What should Aliyah do next?

A group of researchers are testing a new medicine; they want to determine if it will help patients more than giving them no treatment at all. Would a control group be necessary?

Charles wants to build a telescope that will allow him to view distant galaxies. After he has decided to build the telescope, what should he do next?

Chloe is making a visual model of her room by drawing a map on graph paper. She is using a pencil to draw the map. It includes the walls, a door, and windows. What can she do to make this a better model of her room?

One factor that affects how deep a well needs to be drilled to reach water is the size of the pore spaces in the soil. If all factors except water depth and the size of pore spaces are equal, which well would need to be drilled deeper: a well in soil with small pore spaces or a well in soil with large pore spaces? Why?

Aubrey had two identical pieces of paper. She crumpled one up and left the other one flat. She then dropped both pieces of paper at the same time from the same height and saw that the crumpled piece hit the ground before the flat piece. What can she conclude from this data?

Christina read that if a primate is a monkey, it has a tail. She knows that lemurs are primates with tails and thus concludes that lemurs are monkeys. Is she correct in making this conclusion?

Nolan, Jayden, and Madilynn's family has a tradition that if it is someone's birthday, he gets to choose what is for dinner. On Nolan's birthday, they had spaghetti for dinner. Jayden said that Nolan must have chosen to have spaghetti, but Madilynn said they did not have enough information to know. Who is correct?

What would happen if nitrifying bacteria were removed from the nitrogen cycle?

One factor that affects how deep a well needs to be drilled to reach water is the size of the pore spaces in the soil. If all factors except water depth and the size of pore spaces are equal, which well would need to be drilled deeper: a well in soil with small pore spaces or a well in soil with large pore spaces? Why?