Planning is establishing organizational goals and deciding how to accomplish them.

The strategic planning process is the establishment of an organization’s major goals and objectives and the allocation of resources to achieve them

A mission a statement of the basic purpose that makes an organization different from others.

A goal is an end result that an organization is expected to achieve over a one- to ten-year period.

Approaches and processes that a company performs well that may give it an advantage over its competitors

Is the identification and evaluation of a firm’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.

a specific statement detailing what an organization intends to accomplish over a shorter period of time

an outline of the actions by which an organization intends to accomplish its goals and objectives

An idea

A method of doing something or achieving an end

A set of decisions on how to do something in the future

A tactical plan is a smaller-scale plan developed to implement a strategy.

A contingency plan is a plan that outlines alternative courses of action that may be taken if an organization’s other plans are disrupted or become ineffective.

An operational plan is a type of plan designed to implement tactical plans.

Organizing is the grouping of resources and activities to accomplish some end result in an efficient and effective manner.

A strategic plan is an organization’s broadest plan, developed as a guide for major policy setting and decision making.

Directing is the combined processes of leading and motivating

Leading is the process of influencing people to work toward a common goal.

the process of providing reasons for people to work in the best interests of an organization

Controlling is the process of evaluating and regulating ongoing activities to ensure that goals are achieved.

A middle manager is the highest level of management in a company.

Middle manager is a manager who implements the strategy and major policies developed by top management

A middle manager is responsible for setting the company's overall strategy.

A middle manager only focuses on employee training and development.

A top manager is an upper-level executive who guides and controls the overall fortunes of an organization

A first-line manager is a manager who coordinates and supervises the activities of operating employees

A financial manager is a manager who is primarily responsible for an organization’s financial resources.

An Operations Manager is a manager who manages the systems that convert resources into goods and services

A Marketing manager is a manager who is responsible for facilitating the exchange of products between an organization and its customers or clients

Leadership is the ability to influence others.

Autocratic leadership is task-oriented leadership style in which workers are told what to do and how to accomplish it without having a say in the decision-making process.

Participative leadership is leadership style in which all members of a team are involved in identifying essential goals and developing strategies to reach those goals.

Transactional leadership is leadership style that emphasizes structure, performance and productivity, and reward systems.

Transformational leadership is leadership style that focuses on transforming organizations and industries.

Charismatic leadership is a personality-dependent leadership style.

Decision-making is the act of choosing one alternative from a set of alternatives.

Laissez-Faire Leadership is a hands-off leadership style that provides direction, tools, and resources to employees while delegating responsibility and decision-making authority to them.

A problem is the discrepancy between an actual condition and a desired condition

An organization is a group of two or more people working together to achieve a common set of goals.

An organization chart is a diagram that represents the positions and relationships within an organization.

Job design is structuring the tasks and activities required to accomplish a firm’s objectives into specific jobs so as to foster productivity and employee satisfaction.

The Chain of Command is the line of authority that extends from the highest to the lowest levels of an organization.

Job specialization is the separation of all organizational activities into distinct tasks and the assignment of different tasks to different people.

Departmentalization is the process of grouping jobs into manageable units.

Job rotation is a the systematic shifting of employees from one job to another.

Authority is the power, within an organization, to accomplish an assigned job or task.

Delegation is the assigning part of a manager’s work and power to other workers.

Responsibility is the duty to do a job or perform a task.

Accountability is the obligation of a worker to accomplish an assigned job or task.

A decentralized organization is an organization in which management consciously attempts to spread authority widely across various organization levels.

The span of management is the number of workers who report directly to one manager.

A centralized organization is an organization that systematically works to concentrate authority at the upper levels of the organization.

Organizational height is the number of layers, or levels, of management in a firm.

Line structure is an organizational structure in which the chain of command goes directly from person to person throughout the organization.

Line managers are managers who make decisions and give orders to subordinates to achieve the organization’s goals.

A matrix structure is an organizational structure that combines vertical and horizontal lines of authority, usually by superimposing product departmentalization on a functionally departmentalized organization.

A cross-functional team is a team of individuals with varying specialties, expertise, and skills who are brought together to achieve a common task.

Staff managers are managers who provide support, advice, and expertise to line managers.

A Line-and-Staff structure is an organizational structure that utilizes the chain of command from a line structure in combination with the assistance of staff managers.

A team is two or more workers collaborating to achieve a shared mission, goal, or work product.

A team of knowledgeable employees brought together to tackle a specific problem

Self-managed teams are groups of employees with the authority and skills to manage themselves.

A virtual team is a team consisting of members who are geographically dispersed but communicate electronically.

An ad hoc committee is a committee created for a specific short-term purpose.

A committee created for a specific short-term purpose