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Study Guide 1st Semester Exam

Total questions: 87

Worksheet time: 2hrs 7mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

James is conducting an experiment to see how different amounts of sunlight affect plant growth. He keeps one plant in normal sunlight conditions to see how much a regular plant would be expected to grow. This plant serves as a _____ in his experiment.

a)

dependent variable

b)

independent variable

c)

constant

d)

control

2.

Mia is preparing a large batch of cookies and needs 4.6 kg of flour. How many grams of flour does she need?

a)

460

b)

4,600

c)

46,000

d)

46,000,000

3.

Hannah is filling up water bottles for a school event. She has a large container with 65.8 L of water. How many milliliters of water does she have?

a)

65,800

b)

6,580

c)

0.658

d)

0.0658

e)

0.0000658

4.

During a science class, Zoe asked her teacher what the nucleus of an atom contains.

a)

Protons and neutrons.

b)

Protons and electrons.

c)

Neutrons and electrons

d)

Electrons and protons

5.

During a science fair, Isla was asked to identify the negatively charged subatomic particles in atoms. What should she answer?

a)

Protons.

b)

Electrons.

c)

Neutrons.

d)

Ions.

6.

In a science class, Harper is learning about atoms. Her teacher asks her, "Harper, can you tell me what the atomic number of an atom represents?"

a)

The number of protons in the atom.

b)

The number of electrons in the atom.

c)

The number of neutrons in the atom.

d)

The number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in the atom.

e)

The net electrical charge of the atom.

7.

James is curious about the components of an atom while studying chemistry. He wants to understand what the atomic mass of an atom is.

a)

The number of protons in the atom.

b)

The number of electrons in the atom.

c)

The number of neutrons in the atom.

d)

The number of protons and neutrons in the atom.

e)

The number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in the atom.

8.

When David and Isla were discussing chemistry, David explained that a(n) (a)   forms when two atoms transfer electrons.

9.

Kai is learning about the periodic table in his chemistry class and encounters Chlorine, which has an atomic number of 17 and an atomic mass of 35. How many electrons does a neutral atom of Chlorine have?

a)

20

b)

27

c)

7

d)

17

e)

28

10.

While playing with water, Aiden noticed that water droplets tend to merge together on a surface. This tendency of water molecules to stick to each other is referred to as:

a)

Adhesion.

b)

Polarity.

c)

Cohesion.

d)

Transpiration.

e)

Evaporation

11.

Priya is studying the properties of water for her science project. Which of the following statements about water is true?

a)

A water molecule has two oxygen atoms and one hydrogen atom.

b)

water molecule is polar .

c)

Water molecules have more oxygen atoms than hydrogen atoms.

d)

A water molecule is not important to life.

12.

In a science experiment, Aiden is trying to make a sugar solution. He adds sugar to a glass of water and stirs it until the sugar disappears. In this scenario, what is the sugar considered as?

a)

The dissolving agent of a solution.

b)

The liquid portion of a solution.

c)

Usually water in living cells.

d)

The substance that is dissolved in solution.

13.

In the equation 2 H₂ + O₂ → 2 H₂O, the H₂ molecules are __________ and the H₂O molecules are __________.

(a)  

14.

Oliver is working on a project that involves measuring large distances. He needs to convert the measurements into the metric system and wants to know the prefix for 1000 in the SI system. Can you help him?

a)

kilo

b)

Mega

c)

milli

d)

Giga

15.

While working on a science project, Charlotte noticed that when she poured water onto a glass surface, the water spread out and stuck to the glass. This tendency of water molecules to stick to another substance is referred to as:

a)

Adhesion.

b)

Polarity.

c)

Cohesion.

d)

Transpiration.

e)

Evaporation

16.

During a chemistry class, Oliver learned that a _____ is composed of covalently bonded atoms with a fixed composition.

a)

ionic compound

b)

molecule

c)

compound

17.

During a biology class, Liam was asked to identify which of the following is NOT a biological macromolecule. He was given the options:

a)

Proteins

b)

Nucleic acids

c)

Water molecule

d)

Lipids

e)

Carbohydrates

18.

During a chemistry class, Charlotte asked the teacher about the major difference between organic and inorganic compounds. The teacher explained that

a)

Organic compounds contain the element carbon

b)

Inorganic compounds are more complex and larger

19.

During a biology class, Grace asked her teacher about the type of bond that holds amino acids together in a protein. What is the correct answer?

a)

Peptide Bonds

b)

Double bonds

c)

Ionic Bonds

d)

Triple Bonds

20.

Abigail is working on a project about the SI system in her science class. She needs to find out the prefix for 0.000001. Can you help her?

a)

micro

b)

Mega

c)

milli

d)

nano

21.

During a biology class, Daniel was asked to identify which of the following is not a macromolecule. What should he choose?

a)

carbohydrates

b)

water

c)

nucleic acids

d)

proteins

e)

lipids

22.

David is organizing his digital photo collection and wants to know the prefix for 1,000,000,000 bytes in the SI system. What is it?

a)

kilo

b)

Mega

c)

milli

d)

Giga

23.

During a cooking class, Avery learned that carbohydrates in foods are polymers made of monomers called

a)

amino acids

b)

nucleic acids

c)

monosaccharides

24.

During a science fair, Aiden is presenting his project on the building blocks of proteins. He explains that proteins are polymers formed of structural units called

a)

fatty acids

b)

amino acids

c)

nucleic acids

25.

During a biology class, Kai was learning about protein structures. He discovered that globular proteins are examples of which level of protein structure?

a)

quaternary

b)

primary

c)

secondary

d)

tertiary

26.

Aria is studying biology and wants to understand the role of nucleic acids in living organisms. Which of the following is(are) a function of nucleic acids in living things?

a)

stores and transmits genetic information

b)

it is a molecule that stores energy

c)

it is a primary component of the cell membrane

27.

Kai is preparing a presentation on nutrition and is learning about triglycerides. Which of the following statements about triglycerides is true? Select all that apply.

a)

Consists of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol.

b)

Is hydrophobic.

c)

it is composed by two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom

d)

None of the choices

28.

Ethan is measuring the amount of water needed to fill a swimming pool. What is the SI base unit of volume he should use?

a)

liter

b)

gram

c)

meter

d)

kilometer

29.

Sophia is learning about different types of fats in her nutrition class. She discovers that lipids with double bonds between some of their carbons are said to be:

a)

Unsaturated.

b)

Saturated.

30.

In a biology club meeting, Aria is asked to explain the composition of a phospholipid. What should Aria say?

a)

Two fatty acids

b)

One glycerol

c)

One phosphate group.

d)

All answers are correct

31.

Liam is studying biology and learns that the _(Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, or Quaternary)_ structure of protein consists of a sequence of amino acids assembled in a specific order.

(a)  

32.

Harper is learning about carbohydrates in her biology class. She wants to know what the name for a dimer in the carbohydrate category is. Can you help her?

a)

Dipeptide

b)

Polysaccharide

c)

Nucleotide

d)

Disaccharide

e)

Ion

33.

Grace is planning a picnic and wants to pack foods that are rich in starches and sugars. These foods belong to which group of organic compounds?

a)

Nucleic acids

b)

Proteins

c)

Lipids

d)

Carbohydrates

34.

When Grace uses a special tool to speed up a chemical reaction in her science experiment,

a)

it lowers the activation energy of the reaction.

b)

it raises the activation energy of the reaction.

c)

it becomes a product.

d)

it acts as a reactant.

e)

None of the choices are correct.

35.

In her biology class, Maya is exploring the fundamental components of DNA. Her teacher asks, "Which of the following are components of a nucleotide?" (Select all that apply)

a)

a five-carbon sugar

b)

an amino acid

c)

a phosphate group

d)

all answers are correct

36.

In a science experiment, Ava is studying how enzymes work. She learns that the active site of an enzyme is

a)

the region of a substrate that is changed by an enzyme.

b)

the region of an enzyme that attaches to a substrate.

c)

the region of a product that detaches from the enzyme.

37.

Nora is learning about chemistry and discovers that a Carbon atom can form 4 covalent bonds. Is this true?

a)

True

b)

False

38.

During a biology class experiment, Luna was asked to demonstrate how certain reactions occur in the body. She explained that some reactions use water to break down polymers. What type of reactions was Luna describing?

a)

build polymers releasing a water molecule

b)

Use water to break down polymers

c)

form ionic bonds

39.

Maya is studying cell biology and wants to understand the function of mitochondria. Which of the following functions do mitochondria perform? (select all that apply)

a)

cellular respiration.

b)

to produce energy

c)

protein synthesis

d)

photosynthesis.

e)

to break down large molecules

40.

In a biology class, Charlotte is learning about cell structures. Her teacher explains that one part of the cell is responsible for lipid synthesis. Which part is it?

a)

to produce energy

b)

lipid synthesis.

c)

to produce proteins

41.

In a biology class, Benjamin is learning about cell structures. His teacher asks him, "Benjamin, can you tell us what the main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is in terms of production?"

a)

Sugar

b)

Proteins

c)

Lipids.

42.

In a school science project, Scarlett is explaining the function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell. What does she say it does?

a)

Stores, modifies, and packages proteins.

b)

is the organelle in charge of the cell respiration

c)

produces energy for the cell.

43.

During a biology class, Liam and Arjun were discussing the fundamental principles of life. Which of the following statements are components of cell theory?

a)

All organisms are made up of cells.

b)

Cells can only arise from other cells through the process of cell division.

c)

Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in organisms.

d)

Only A and B.

e)

All of the above.

44.

In Sophia's biology class, they learned about plant cells and their structures. She discovered that plant cells often have a large membrane-bound sac used for storing water and other substances. This organelle is called a

a)

nucleus.

b)

chloroplast.

c)

Golgi body.

d)

centriole.

e)

central vacuole.

45.

During a biology class, Priya was asked which structure in the cell acts as the repository of the genetic information that directs all of the activities of the cell. What should she answer?

a)

ER

b)

mitochondria

c)

nucleus

d)

chloroplasts

e)

centriole

46.

In a biology class, Mia was asked where ribosomes are produced in the cell. What is the correct answer?

a)

protein synthesis.

b)

ribosome production.

c)

chromosome replication.

d)

lipid synthesis.

47.

Lily is trying to understand why her plant is not growing well. She thinks it might be due to the type of soil she is using, but she hasn't tested this idea yet. What is this idea called? 

a)

data

b)

theory

c)

hypothesis

d)

fact

48.

Aria is conducting a science experiment. Which of these is NOT true about her hypothesis?

a)

It is testable

b)

It is an educated guess

c)

It can be proven false

d)

It is always true

49.

When Nora conducts her science experiment, she makes sure to take more careful and precise observations. Does this provide stronger evidence for her conclusions?

a)

True

b)

False

50.

Elijah and Olivia are working on a science project to understand why certain plants grow faster in sunlight. They form ____ to explain this natural phenomenon supported by repeated observations and experiments.

a)

Observations

b)

Ideas

c)

Theories

d)

pseudosciences

51.

In a hypothesis the ______ variable is what is being tested, while the ______ variable is the one being measured in response.

a)

independent; dependent

b)

independent; control

c)

dependent; independent

d)

control; dependent

52.

Biology is the study of life and living organisms. Experimentation is one method by which biologists pursue scientific explanations. When other scientist can copy the experiment, it is said to be _________.

a)

plausible

b)

replicable

c)

observable

d)

none of the above

53.

Read the following description of a research project:

A group of researchers noticed that Ponderosa pine trees had more bark beetle damage during and after the 2011-2016 drought. In a greenhouse, researchers grew pine trees in the presence of beetles under two kinds of conditions - Condition A: low water, mild temperatures and Condition B: high water, mild temperatures. They tallied the number of places on the tree trunks that beetle damage was observed. They determined that trees in Condition A had 28.4 damaged places per tree on average and trees grown in Condition B had an average of 18.2 beetle damage spots per tree. The researchers concluded that trees that are drought-stressed are more susceptible to bark beetle damage.

Which step in the scientific method is missing from this description?

a)

Data analysis

b)

Inference (acceptance or rejection of hypothesis)

c)

Hypothesis formation

d)

Data collection and experimentation

e)

Observations

54.

If a company claims that its new vaccine has been scientifically proven effective against the flu, which of the following should have taken place before you would trust taking the vaccine?

a)

The company should have held discussions with leading industry scientists.

b)

Technology should have been used in both the gathering of data and data analysis.

c)

Results should have been peer reviewed and repeated by many scientists producing the same results.

d)

The results of the investigation should have been published in popular magazines.

55.
Things that stay the same throughout the whole experiment are called
a)
controls
b)
dependent variables
c)
independent variables
d)
constants
56.

A _ is a testable prediction

a)

control

b)

hypothesis

c)

dependent variable

d)

theory

57.

What must a hypothesis be in order to be considered scientific?

a)

Broad and general

b)

Testable and falsifiable

c)

Repeatedly tested and not rejected

d)

Accepted as fact

58.

Information gathered from observing a plant grow 3 cm over a two-week period is called

a)

inferences

b)

variables

c)

hypotheses

d)

data

59.

Which of the following is a characteristic of a saturated fat?

a)

Contains more hydrogen atoms than unsaturated fats.

b)

Liquid at room temperature.

c)

Solid at room temperature.

d)

Contains double bonds between carbon atoms.

60.

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the human body?

a)

To store genetic information.

b)

To provide energy.

c)

To build muscle tissue.

d)

To insulate the body.

61.

Which of the following is a property of enzymes?

a)

They are made of nucleic acids.

b)

They are specific to the substrates they bind.

c)

They increase the activation energy of reactions.

d)

They are consumed in the reaction they catalyze.

62.

Which of the following is a characteristic of a covalent bond?

a)

It results in the formation of ions.

b)

It forms between metals and non-metals.

c)

It involves the sharing of electrons.

d)

It involves the transfer of electrons.

63.

Which of the following is NOT a property of water?

a)

High surface tension.

b)

High specific heat capacity.

c)

Universal solvent.

d)

Non-polar molecule.

64.

You should be able to label this masterpiece, go ahead and take the challenge! (5 minutes)

65.

The SI unit for mass is the (a)   .

66.

During a biology lesson, Emma learned that the powerhouse of the cell, responsible for producing energy, is known as the

a)

chloroplast

b)

ribosome

c)

mitochondria

d)

nucleus

67.

During a chemistry lesson, Olivia learned about the pH scale. What is the pH of a neutral solution?

a)

0

b)

7

c)

14

68.

In a science class, Noah is studying the structure of DNA and Rna. What are the building blocks of DNA and RNA called?

a)

Nucleotides

b)

Amino acids

c)

Fatty acids

69.

In a biology class, Liam is learning about the structure of DNA. Which of the following components is not part of a nucleotide?

a)

Nitrogenous base

b)

Deoxyribose sugar

c)

Ribose sugar

d)

Phosphate group

70.

During a chemistry lesson, Olivia is asked to identify the type of bond formed when atoms share electrons. What should she choose?

a)

Hydrogen bond

b)

Ionic bond

c)

Metallic bond

d)

Covalent bond

71.

In a science class, Noah is learning about the periodic table. His teacher asks him, "Noah, can you tell me which element has the atomic number 6?"

a)

Carbon

b)

Helium

c)

Nitrogen

d)

Oxygen

72.

During a chemistry experiment, Olivia observed that a substance dissolved in water and formed a solution. What type of bond is most likely present in the solute molecules?

a)

Ionic bond.

b)

Covalent bond.

c)

Hydrogen bond.

d)

Metallic bond.

73.

In a biology class, Noah learned about the process by which plants convert sunlight into chemical energy. What is this process called?

a)

Respiration.

b)

Transpiration.

c)

Photosynthesis.

d)

Fermentation.

74.

In a chemistry class, Olivia is learning about the states of matter. Which of the following is not a state of matter?

a)

Solid

b)

Liquid

c)

Gas

d)

Plasma

e)

Energy

75.

During a biology class, Liam was asked to identify the type of bond that holds the two strands of DNA together. What should he answer?

a)

Covalent bonds

b)

Hydrogen bonds

c)

Ionic bonds

d)

Peptide bonds

76.

In a chemistry class, Emma learned about the pH scale. She wants to know what a pH of 1 indicates. Can you help her?

a)

Neutral

b)

Alkaline

c)

Acidic

d)

Basic

77.

During a physics class, Noah was asked to identify the SI base unit for Length. What should he choose?

a)

micrometer

b)

centimeter

c)

meter

d)

hectometer

78.

In a biology class, Noah is learning about the process by which plants convert sunlight into chemical energy. What is this process called?

a)

Transpiration

b)

Fermentation

c)

Photosynthesis

d)

Respiration

79.

How many meters are in a kilometer?

a)

10 m

b)

100 m

c)

1000 m

d)

.001 m

80.

What is true of the SI (International System of Measurement)? Mark all that apply.

a)

A measurement System based on the number 10.

b)

It is used to measure mass, length and volume.

c)

It is used throughout Science and in all other countries other than the US.

d)

It includes inches, feet and pounds.

81.

What happens to the remaining G3P molecules after the Calvin cycle produces six molecules of G3P but uses only one to form carbohydrates?

a)
  • Any unused CO2 is absorbed back into the plant.

b)

The remaining five G3P molecules are used to regenerate RuBP

c)
  • Any unused G3P molecule is converted into amino acids.

d)
  • The remaining five G3P molecules are stored as lipids.

82.

The products of the light-dependent reaction of the photosynthesis is:

a)

ATP, NADPH, O2

b)

glucose (as G3P), water, O2

c)

Protons, ATP, NADP+, CO2

d)

Oxygen, NADP+, hydrogen ions

83.

The electrons in Photosystem I comes from....

a)

Hydrogen Peroxyde

b)

Oxygen

c)

Carbon Dioxide

d)

 the end of the electron transport chain

84.

Which membrane protein complex produces ATP as H+ ions move down their concentration gradient during cellular respiration?

a)

phospholipid transporter

b)

cytochrome oxidase

c)

ATP synthase

d)

proton channel

85.

Oxidation is ....

a)

sharing electron/s

b)

the loss of electron/s

c)

the gain of electrons

d)

transferring electrons

86.

Where do the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place?

a)

Matrix

b)

Cytoplasm

c)

Thylakoid membrane

d)

Stroma

87.

Imagine you're walking in a garden and notice how lush and green the plants look on a sunny day. A curious friend asks you, “I know plants use sunlight for photosynthesis, but where do they get the electrons needed to start the process? Do you know?"

a)

From the air around them.

b)

From nutrients in the soil.

c)

From sunlight itself.

d)

From water molecules.