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WorksheetsBiology Review: Homeostasis, Energy, & Proteins
Total questions: 60
Worksheet time: 33mins
The Sun transfers heat to Jane and Theo’s bodies as they sit on the sunny bench, increasing their body temperature. Which of the following responses by their bodies would help decrease their temperature and maintain homeostasis?
A. Vasodilation and sweating; their skin will turn red as blood is moved to the surface of the skin and water released from their skin will evaporate
B. Goosebumps; the muscles under the hair in their skin will contract.
C. Vasoconstriction; their extremities will turn pale or blue as blood moves to the core of the body.
D. Sweating and shivering; the water released from their skin will evaporate and their muscles will begin moving quickly.
Select why temperature regulation in the body is an example of a feedback mechanism (negative or positive - select the correct response).
When temperature varies from its normal set-point, the hypothalamus amplifies the imbalance by initiating a response through a positive feedback mechanism.
When temperature varies from its normal set-point, the hypothalamus reverses the imbalance by initiating a response through a negative feedback mechanism.
When temperature varies from its normal set-point, the hypothalamus amplifies the imbalance by initiating a response through a positive feedback mechanism.
When temperature varies from its normal set-point, the hypothalamus furthers the imbalance by initiating a response through a negative feedback mechanism.
Using information from Figure 2, select the correct statement about how Jane's and Theo's bodies reacted when they stood in the cold room.
A. The initial stimulus Jane and Theo experienced in the first five minutes in the cold room was an increase in body temperature. This was the result of the body moving towards homeostasis. Their bodies responded by lowering their body temperature.
B. The initial stimulus Jane and Theo experienced in the first five minutes in the cold room was an increase in body temperature. This was the result of the body moving away from homeostasis. Their bodies responded by lowering their body temperature.
C. The initial stimulus Jane and Theo experienced in the first five minutes in the cold room was a decrease in body temperature. This was the result of the body moving away from homeostasis. Their bodies responded by lowering their body temperature.
D. The initial stimulus Jane and Theo experienced in the first five minutes in the cold room was a decrease in body temperature. This was the result of the body moving towards homeostasis. Their bodies responded by raising their body temperature.
What is the role of a receptor in helping an organism maintain homeostasis? Choose the correct answer.
A. It receives the messages sent by the control center.
B. It carries out a response to restore internal conditions.
C. It detects stimuli and sends information to the control center.
D. It compares current conditions with ideal values for those conditions.
Which of these does homeostasis most directly relate to? Choose the correct answer.
A. Stability
B. Evolution
C. Scale and structure
D. Interacting systems
The body works to maintain homeostasis in response to what conditions? Choose the correct answer.
A. Tissue and cell formation
B. Production of key vitamins
C. Internal and external changes
D. Cell differentiation and determination
The body’s internal environment must stay (a) . Choose the correct answer.
Exactly the same at all times
The same as its external environment
Within normal ranges that support human life
Away from sudden outside temperature changes
Which of these is a long-term effect of a disruption of homeostasis? Choose the correct answer.
Destruction of organ systems
The immune systems taking control regulation of the internal environment
Establishment of feedback mechanisms
Regulation of the internal environment
Which of the following is an example of positive feedback?
Blood sugar regulation
Childbirth
Body temperature regulation
Osmoregulation
Which of the following is an example of negative feedback?
Body temperature regulation
Breastfeeding
Blood clotting
Childbirth
Select the correct order of the levels of organization in the human body (smallest to largest).
Tissue -> Cell -> Organ system -> Organ -> Organism
Organ system -> Organism -> Cell -> Tissue -> Organ
Organism -> Organ system -> Organ -> Tissue -> Cell
Cell -> Tissue -> Organ -> Organ system -> Organism
A grouping of two or more types of tissue that performs a specific function that contributes to the larger purpose:
Organ system
Organelles
Organism
Organ
What is a cell?
The smallest particle of all matter (living and nonliving)
A group of organisms of the same species
The building blocks of all living things
Genetic material
Which of the following is the correct type of feedback mechanism that the graph best represents?
Negative feedback
Positive feedback
Neutral feedback
Critical feedback
Which of the following is the correct type of feedback mechanism that the graph best represents?
Negative feedback
Positive feedback
Neutral feedback
Critical feedback
Which hormone is released by the beta cells of the pancreas?
A. Glucagon
B. Insulin
C. Cortisol
D. Adrenaline
The pancreas detects the amount of glucose in the blood. What does the pancreas release if blood sugar is too LOW?
The pancreas releases glucagon if blood sugar is too low.
The pancreas releases insulin if blood sugar is too low.
The pancreas releases beta cells if blood sugar is too low.
The pancreas releases glucose if the blood sugar is too low.
The pancreas detects the amount of glucose in the blood. What does the pancreas release if blood sugar is too HIGH?
The pancreas releases glucagon if blood sugar is too high.
The pancreas releases insulin if blood sugar is too high.
The pancreas releases beta cells if blood sugar is too high.
The pancreas releases glucose if the blood sugar is too high.
How does the liver releasing glucose affect blood sugar levels?
Blood sugar increases
Blood sugar decreases
Blood sugar doesn’t change
The liver doesn’t release glucose
What is homeostasis in the human body?
A. A state of powerful focus
B. Full body system failure
C. A disease that is from bacteria
D. The optimal balance within your body
The two types of feedback systems that help organisms maintain homeostasis are:
Positive and negative
Receptor and effector
Static and dynamic
Minor and major
Which chemical equation is correct for photosynthesis?
6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ + energy
6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ + energy → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O
Based on the model, which is the BEST description for the process of photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is the transfer of matter and flow of energy between the plant and its environment.
Photosynthesis requires an input of matter but not an input of energy.
Photosynthesis requires an input of energy but not an input of matter.
Photosynthesis is the transfer of matter and flow of energy between the plant and the Sun.
Which chart BEST identifies the inputs and outputs of the system shown in the photosynthesis model?
Inputs: Carbon dioxide and glucose, Outputs: Water and oxygen
Inputs: Sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide, Outputs: Glucose and oxygen
Inputs: Sunlight, water, and glucose, Outputs: Oxygen and carbon dioxide
Inputs: Carbon dioxide and oxygen, Outputs: Glucose and water
Which chemical equation is correct for cellular respiration?
6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ + energy
6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ + energy → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O
Based on the model, which is the BEST description for the process of cellular respiration?
The process of breaking down sugar in the presence of oxygen to release energy.
The process of breaking down oxygen to release energy.
The process of building energy from oxygen and sugar.
The process of building water and carbon dioxide from sugar.
Which chart BEST identifies the inputs and outputs of the system shown in the photosynthesis model?
Inputs: Glucose and Oxygen; Outputs: Carbon dioxide, Water, and Energy
Inputs: Carbon dioxide, Water, and Energy; Outputs: Glucose and Oxygen
Inputs: Carbon dioxide and Glucose; Outputs: Water, Oxygen, Energy
Inputs: Carbon dioxide and Energy; Outputs: Oxygen, Water, and Glucose
In which organelle does photosynthesis occur?
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Endoplasmic Reticulum
In which organelle does most of cellular respiration occur?
Nucleus
Mitochondrion
Chloroplast
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Which bond is broken in an ATP molecule when it releases energy, forming ADP?
Bond A
Bond B
Bond C
Bond D
In a catabolic reaction, (a) and there is a net (b) of energy.
glucose
heat
In an anabolic reaction, (a) and there is a net (b) of energy.
release
How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration connected?
The reactants of photosynthesis become the products of cellular respiration.
The reactants of photosynthesis become the reactants of cellular respiration.
The products of photosynthesis become the products of cellular respiration.
The products of photosynthesis become the reactants of cellular respiration.
What type of reaction is shown in the image?
A. Endothermic because there is a net release of energy in the form of heat.
B. Endothermic because there is a net absorption of energy in the form of heat.
C. Exothermic because there is a net release of energy in the form of heat.
D. Exothermic because there is a net absorption of energy in the form of heat.
What type of reaction is shown in the image?
Endothermic because there is a net release of energy in the form of heat.
Endothermic because there is a net absorption of energy in the form of heat.
Exothermic because there is a net release of energy in the form of heat.
Exothermic because there is a net absorption of energy in the form of heat.
Select the correct chemical reactions that describe the process of photosynthesis.
Catabolic and Exothermic
Catabolic and Endothermic
Anabolic and Endothermic
Anabolic and Exothermic
Select the correct reactions that describe the process of cellular respiration.
A. Catabolic and Exothermic
B. Catabolic and Endothermic
C. Anabolic and Endothermic
D. Anabolic and Exothermic
Which of the following BEST describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus but lack membrane bound organelles.
Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles.
Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
Prokaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles but do not have a nucleus.
Which organelles do plant cells contain that animal cells do not?
A. Chloroplasts and cell walls
B. Nucleus and mitochondria
C. Nucleus and chloroplasts
D. Mitochondria and cell walls
Based on the passage, which BEST describes why protein functions are diverse?
A. All proteins contain unique three-dimensional structures.
B. Protein formation is an unregulated process.
C. Some proteins are not formed from amino acids.
D. Proteins are formed through different types of bonds.
Which statement BEST describes the process of protein synthesis as described in the passage?
A. Amino acids are attached to each other by peptide bonds. Many amino acids together form a polypeptide chain. The sequence of amino acids determines the way a protein will fold. Protein shape determines its function.
B. Amino acids are attached to each other by peptide bonds. Many amino acids together form a polypeptide chain. The sequence of amino acids determines the way a protein will fold. Protein function determines its shape.
C. Amino acids are attached to each other by hydrogen bonds. Many amino acids together form a polypeptide chain. The sequence of amino acids determines the way a protein will fold. Protein shape determines its function.
D. Amino acids are attached to each other by hydrogen bonds. Many amino acids together form a polypeptide chain. The sequence of amino acids determines the way a protein will fold. Protein function determines its shape.
Which statement BEST describes proteins?
Polypeptides chains are formed in the nucleus.
DNA is the original source of protein structure.
The function of a protein is determined by the RNA.
Each nucleotide base is encoded into a single amino acid.
What makes DNA and RNA similar?
They are both double stranded.
They both contain deoxyribose sugar.
They are both made up of nucleotides.
They both contain the nitrogenous base Thymine.
The sides or backbone of a DNA molecule are made of (a)
Hydrogen bonds
Ribose sugars of the nucleotide
Sugar and phosphate
The nitrogenous bases
The rungs or middle of a DNA molecule is made up of (a) .
Ribose sugars of the nucleotide
Sugar and phosphate
The phosphate group
The nitrogenous bases
Both sides of DNA strands run (a) in relation to each other.
Parallel
Antiparallel
Perpendicular
Transverse
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
Oxygen group, 6-carbon sugar, and nitrogenous base
Phosphate group, 6-carbon sugar, and nitrogenous base
Phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, and nitrogenous base
Oxygen group, 5-carbon sugar, and nitrogenous base
In DNA, the nitrogen base Cytosine is complementary (always pairs up) to
A. Adenine
B. Guanine
C. Thymine
D. Uracil
mRNA codons are read in groups of (a) nucleotides.
2
3
4
6
In transcription, DNA is transcribed to create (synthesize) mRNA, however, the nitrogenous base Thymine is replaced with the nitrogenous base (a) .
Guanine
Cytosine
Uracil
Adenine
Francis Crick proposed about the flow of genetic information that it follows a specific pathway. What is this pathway called?
Central Dogma
Genetic Drift
Natural Selection
Gene Flow
What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?
To carry amino acids to the ribosome
To serve as a template for protein synthesis
To catalyze the formation of peptide bonds
To modify proteins after synthesis
Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?
What is the function of tRNA during translation?
To carry amino acids to the ribosome
To transcribe DNA into mRNA
To form the structure of ribosomes
To replicate DNA
How does the structure of a protein influence its function?
The structure determines the protein's solubility.
The structure dictates the protein's function.
The structure affects the protein's color.
The structure has no impact on the protein's function.
A student wants to explain the role of mRNA in the body. Which explanation should she share to best describe the function of mRNA in the transcription process? Choose the correct answer.
The mRNA makes DNA in the body (nucleus).
The mRNA forms new proteins from old DNA.
The mRNA replaces old DNA in the body (nucleus).
The mRNA carries the copy of DNA to ribosomes.
What role does a gene play in protein synthesis?
It produces an exact copy of the protein.
It carries the code for protein development.
It delivers a copy of the DNA to form a protein.
It binds to the mRNA and carries it through translation.
Select the correct steps/sequence of the Central Dogma process.
DNA is unzipped -> DNA is transcribed -> mRNA carries a copy of DNA -> translation of mRNA -> a protein is formed
mRNA carries a copy of DNA -> translation of mRNA -> DNA is unzipped -> DNA is transcribed -> a protein is formed
DNA is unzipped -> DNA is transcribed -> translation of mRNA -> mRNA carries a copy of DNA -> a protein is formed
DNA is transcribed -> DNA is unzipped -> mRNA carries a copy of DNA -> translation of mRNA -> a protein is formed
Which best describes the process of translation?
The process of reading and translating mRNA one nucleotide at a time to construct a protein.
The process of reading and translating mRNA one codon at a time to construct a protein.
The process of reading and translating DNA one nucleotide at a time to construct a protein.
The process of reading and translating DNA one codon at a time to construct a protein.
What role does tRNA play in translation?
It reads and translates the mRNA.
It contains an anticodon and delivers amino acids to a growing polypeptide chain.
It contains a copy of DNA.
It contains a codon and delivers amino acids to a growing polypeptide chain.
