WorksheetsUnit 1 Midterm Review
Total questions: 112
Worksheet time: 56mins
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the rest-and-digest response?
parasympathetic
central nervous system
somatic
sympathetic
Mukucha's heart is beating rapidly, his pupils are dialated, and his mouth is dry. This response was triggered by which division of his nervous system?
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Somatic
Afferent
Peripheral
Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for processing sensory information?
Cerebellum
Occipital lobe
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
What role does heredity play in determining behavior?
It has no influence on behavior
It solely determines behavior
It interacts with environmental factors to influence behavior
It only affects physical traits
Which neurotransmitter is most commonly associated with mood regulation?
Dopamine
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
GABA
What is the primary purpose of sleep in relation to mental processes?
To increase physical strength
To allow the brain to rest and consolidate memories
To improve digestion
To enhance vision
Which brain structure is primarily involved in forming new memories?
Hypothalamus
Hippocampus
Medulla oblongata
Thalamus
What is the function of the cerebellum in the brain?
To regulate emotions
To coordinate voluntary movements and balance
To process visual information
To control heart rate
How does the prefrontal cortex influence decision-making?
By processing auditory information
By regulating sleep cycles
By analyzing complex thoughts and planning
By controlling reflex actions
Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for language comprehension?
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
Occipital lobe
Medulla oblongata
How does the hypothalamus contribute to homeostasis?
By regulating body temperature and hunger
By processing auditory information
By controlling reflex actions
By storing long-term memories
Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in the reward system of the brain?
Serotonin
GABA
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
Which mental process is most directly affected by REM sleep?
Logical reasoning
Memory consolidation
Language comprehension
Motor skills
Which sensory system is primarily responsible for detecting chemical stimuli?
Visual system
Auditory system
Olfactory system
Tactile system
Veronica is having trouble balancing as she walks and her muscles seem to have lost strength and tone. A neuroanatomist looking into her condition would most likely suspect a problem with Veronica's
medulla oblongata
right cerebral hemisphere
cerebellum
occipital lobe
thalamus
Which of the following neurotransmitter is generally associated with the inhibition of continued neural signaling?
Dopamine
Adrenaline
GABA
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
Which brain structure receives information from all the senses except smell?
hippocampus
amygdala
angular gyrus
thalamus
What is consciousness?
Our subjective awareness of ourselves and our environment.
The interdisciplinary study of brain activity.
A condition where one can respond to a stimulus without awareness.
Processing multiple aspects of a stimulus simultaneously.
What does cognitive neuroscience study?
The principle of dual processing.
The interdisciplinary study of brain activity linked with cognition.
The process of parallel processing.
The condition of blindsight.
What is dual processing?
Processing one aspect of a stimulus at a time.
A periodic, natural loss of consciousness.
Information processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks.
The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed state.
What is blindsight?
A condition where a person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it.
Processing multiple aspects of a stimulus simultaneously.
A recurring sleep stage with vivid dreams.
The interdisciplinary study of brain activity.
What is parallel processing?
Processing one aspect of a stimulus at a time.
Processing multiple aspects of a stimulus or problem simultaneously.
A periodic, natural loss of consciousness.
The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed state.
What is sequential processing?
Processing multiple aspects of a stimulus simultaneously.
Processing one aspect of a stimulus or problem at a time.
A condition where a person can respond to a stimulus without awareness.
The interdisciplinary study of brain activity.
What is sleep?
A condition where a person can respond to a stimulus without awareness.
A periodic, natural loss of consciousness.
Processing multiple aspects of a stimulus simultaneously.
The interdisciplinary study of brain activity.
What is circadian rhythm?
A recurring sleep stage with vivid dreams.
Our biological clock; regular bodily rhythms on a 24-hour cycle.
The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed state.
Processing one aspect of a stimulus at a time.
What is REM sleep?
A condition where a person can respond to a stimulus without awareness.
Rapid eye movement sleep with vivid dreams.
Processing multiple aspects of a stimulus simultaneously.
The interdisciplinary study of brain activity.
What are alpha waves?
The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.
A recurring sleep stage with vivid dreams.
Our biological clock; regular bodily rhythms.
Processing one aspect of a stimulus at a time.
What is NREM sleep?
Non-rapid eye movement sleep; encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep.
Rapid eye movement sleep; includes all sleep stages.
A state of wakefulness.
A type of sleep disorder.
What are hallucinations?
True sensory experiences.
False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus.
Dreams that occur during REM sleep.
A type of sleep disorder.
What are hypnagogic sensations?
Sensations experienced during deep sleep.
Bizarre experiences, such as jerking or a feeling of falling or floating weightlessly, while transitioning to sleep.
Normal sensations during REM sleep.
Sensations experienced during wakefulness.
What are delta waves associated with?
Light sleep.
REM sleep.
The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep.
Wakefulness.
What is the function of the suprachiasmatic nucleus?
Controls hunger and thirst.
Adjusts melatonin production in response to light, thus modifying our feelings of sleepiness.
Regulates body temperature.
Controls voluntary movements.
What is insomnia?
A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks.
Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep.
A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind.
The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation.
What is narcolepsy?
A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep.
A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks.
A disorder where normal REM paralysis does not occur.
A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind.
What is sleep apnea?
A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks.
A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings.
A disorder where normal REM paralysis does not occur.
A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind.
What is REM sleep behavior disorder?
A disorder where normal REM paralysis does not occur, leading to twitching, talking, or even kicking or punching.
A disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks.
A disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep.
A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind.
What is a dream?
A state of wakefulness.
A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind.
A type of sleep disorder.
A state of deep sleep.
What is REM rebound?
The tendency for REM sleep to decrease following REM sleep deprivation.
The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation.
A state of wakefulness.
A type of sleep disorder.
What is the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment?
Perception
Sensation
Transduction
Psychophysics
What are sensory receptors?
The brain's interpretation of sensory information
Sensory nerve endings that respond to stimuli
The minimum stimulus energy needed to detect a stimulus
A theory predicting signal detection amid noise
Which process involves the brain organizing and interpreting sensory information to recognize objects and events as meaningful?
Sensation
Transduction
Perception
Psychophysics
What is bottom-up processing?
Information processing guided by higher-level mental processes
Conversion of one form of energy into another
Information processing that begins with sensory receptors
The study of relationships between physical characteristics of stimuli
What is top-down processing?
Information processing guided by higher-level mental processes
The minimum stimulus energy needed to detect a stimulus
Sensory nerve endings that respond to stimuli
The process by which our sensory receptors receive stimuli
What is transduction in the context of sensation?
The study of relationships between physical characteristics of stimuli
The process by which our brain organizes sensory information
Conversion of physical energy into neural impulses
Information processing that begins with sensory receptors
What does psychophysics study?
The process by which our sensory receptors receive stimuli
The study of relationships between physical characteristics of stimuli and psychological experience
Information processing guided by higher-level mental processes
Conversion of one form of energy into another
What is the absolute threshold?
The minimum stimulus energy needed to detect a stimulus 50 percent of the time
A theory predicting how we detect signals amid noise
Sensory nerve endings that respond to stimuli
Information processing that begins with sensory receptors
What does signal detection theory predict?
The process by which our brain organizes sensory information
How and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus amid background noise
The minimum stimulus energy needed to detect a stimulus
The study of relationships between physical characteristics of stimuli
What is the term for stimuli that are below one's absolute threshold for conscious awareness?
Priming
Subliminal
Sensory adaptation
Intensity
What is the principle that states two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage to be perceived as different?
Difference threshold
Sensory adaptation
Weber's law
Wavelength
What is the term for diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation?
Sensory adaptation
Priming
Intensity
Hue
What is the distance from the peak of one light wave or sound wave to the peak of the next called?
Intensity
Hue
Wavelength
Cornea
What is the dimension of color determined by the wavelength of light?
Intensity
Hue
Cornea
Pupil
What influences what we perceive as brightness or loudness in a wave?
Wavelength
Hue
Intensity
Priming
What is the eye's clear, protective outer layer called?
Pupil
Cornea
Iris
Retina
What is the function of the iris in the eye?
It is the light-sensitive back inner surface of the eye.
It is the transparent structure that helps focus images on the retina.
It is a ring of muscle tissue that controls the size of the pupil opening.
It is the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain.
Which part of the eye changes shape to focus images on the retina?
Iris
Lens
Retina
Optic nerve
What is the role of rods in the retina?
Detect fine detail and give rise to color sensations.
Detect black, white, and gray, and are sensitive to movement.
Carry neural impulses from the eye to the brain.
Control the size of the pupil opening.
Where is the blind spot located in the eye?
At the center of the retina
Where the optic nerve leaves the eye
Around the eye's cones cluster
In the light-sensitive back inner surface of the eye
What is the fovea?
The central focal point in the retina
The nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain
The process by which the eye's lens changes shape
The adjustable opening in the center of the eye
What does the Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory propose?
The theory that opposing retinal processes enable color vision.
The theory that the brain's visual cortex responds to specific features.
The theory that three types of color receptors in the eye can produce the perception of any color.
The theory that sound waves trigger nerve impulses in the cochlea.
What is the opponent-process theory?
The theory that the brain's visual cortex responds to specific features.
The theory that opposing retinal processes enable color vision.
The theory that sound waves trigger nerve impulses in the cochlea.
The theory that three types of color receptors in the eye can produce the perception of any color.
What are feature detectors?
Cells that respond to specific features of a stimulus, such as shape, angle, or movement.
The innermost part of the ear containing the cochlea.
The chamber between the eardrum and the cochlea.
The most common form of hearing loss.
What is audition?
The sense or act of hearing.
The number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time.
A tone's experienced highness or lowness.
The innermost part of the ear.
What does frequency refer to in the context of sound?
The sense or act of hearing.
The number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time.
A tone's experienced highness or lowness.
The innermost part of the ear.
What determines the pitch of a sound?
The sense or act of hearing.
The number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time.
A tone's experienced highness or lowness.
The innermost part of the ear.
What is the function of the middle ear?
It contains the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs.
It is a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear.
It contains three tiny bones that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea's oval window.
It is the most common form of hearing loss.
What is the cochlea?
The innermost part of the ear containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs.
A coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear where sound waves trigger nerve impulses.
The chamber between the eardrum and the cochlea.
The most common form of hearing loss.
What does the inner ear contain?
The cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs.
Three tiny bones that concentrate vibrations.
The most common form of hearing loss.
Cells that respond to specific features of a stimulus.
What is sensorineural hearing loss?
The sense or act of hearing.
The most common form of hearing loss, caused by damage to the cochlea's receptor cells or auditory nerve.
A coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear.
The chamber between the eardrum and the cochlea.
What is conduction hearing loss?
A common form of hearing loss due to aging
A less common form of hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea
Hearing loss caused by exposure to loud noises
Hearing loss due to genetic factors
What is the function of a cochlear implant?
To amplify sound for better hearing
To convert sounds into electrical signals and stimulate the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea
To block unwanted noise
To enhance the frequency of sound waves
What does place theory in hearing suggest?
The pitch we hear is linked to the rate of nerve impulses
The pitch we hear is linked to the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated
The pitch we hear is determined by the volume of sound
The pitch we hear is influenced by the outer ear shape
What is frequency theory in hearing?
The theory that the rate of nerve impulses matches the frequency of a tone
The theory that sound frequency is determined by ear shape
The theory that sound frequency is influenced by environmental factors
The theory that sound frequency is constant regardless of pitch
What does the gate-control theory propose?
Pain signals are always blocked by the brain
The spinal cord contains a 'gate' that blocks or allows pain signals to pass to the brain
Pain is only perceived when the brain is damaged
Pain signals are transmitted directly to the brain without any control
What is gustation?
Our sense of smell
Our sense of taste
Our sense of touch
Our sense of sight
What is olfaction?
Our sense of taste
Our sense of smell
Our sense of hearing
Our sense of touch
What does kinesthesis refer to?
Our sense of balance
Our movement sense; sensing the position and movement of individual body parts
Our sense of taste
Our sense of hearing
What is the vestibular sense responsible for?
Our sense of taste
Our sense of smell
Our balance sense; sense of body movement and position
Our sense of touch
What is sensory interaction?
The principle that one sense can influence another
The principle that senses operate independently
The principle that senses are only active during sleep
The principle that senses are unaffected by external factors
What does "embodied cognition" refer to?
The influence of bodily sensations, gestures, and other states on cognitive preferences and judgments.
The process of learning through observation and imitation.
The ability to solve problems using logical reasoning.
The study of brain structures and their functions.
What is the basic building block of the nervous system?
bone
muscle
cell
neuron
Which part of the limbic system is responsible for processing emotions?
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Thalamus
Cerebellum
Which brain scan technique measures electrical activity in the brain using electrodes placed on the scalp?
EEG
PET scan
CT scan
MRI
Which brain scan technique uses X-rays to create cross-sectional images of the brain?
CT scan
Ultrasound scan
PET scan
MRI scan
What is the term for the brain's ability to reorganize and rewire itself?
neurotransmission
neurogenesis
neuroregulation
neuroplasticity
Which part of the neuron receives signals from other neurons?
dendrites
synapse
cell body
axon
What is the function of the temporal lobe in the brain?
Processing auditory information, language comprehension, and memory formation.
Regulating body temperature and hormone production.
Visual perception and recognition.
Motor control, balance, and coordination.
Which lobe of the brain is responsible for processing visual information?
temporal lobe
parietal lobe
frontal lobe
occipital lobe
Damage to Broca's area in the left cerebral hemisphere on the brain would likely result in which of the following?
A repetition of the speech of others
A loss of the ability to speak
A loss of the ability to visually integrate information
A loss of the ability to comprehend speech
An inability to solve verbal problems
During which stage in our sleeping cycle do we experience Active brain activity but no muscle movement?
Awake
Stage 1
Stage 3
REM
These are grey fatty cells that provide support for the neurons to grow on and around.
Stem cells
Post synaptic
Chemicals
Glial cells
The electrical charge that travel down the axon is called __________________________.
chemicals
neurotransmitter
action potential
synapse
The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse.
Threshold
Action Potential
Resting Potential
Refractory Period
A neurons reaction of either firing (with a full length response) or not firing.
all-or-none response
refractory period
threshold
action potential
a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.
sleep apnea
narcolepsy
insomnia
night terrors
Addicts who quit taking a psychoactive substance, may experience pain, fatigue, cramps, vomiting, and sweating. These symptoms indicate a person is experiencing
Tolerance
Withdrawal
Psychological addiction
Psychoactive flu
The need for an increased amount of a drug to achieve the same effect as before is called
Tolerance
Withdrawal
Hallucinogen
Depressant
psychedelic ("mind-manifesting") drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.
barbiturates
hallucinogens
opiates
stimulatnts
opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety.
stimulant
barbiturates
opiates
depressants
the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle.
manifest content
rem rebound
circadian rhythm
latent content
Which neurotransmitter is most commonly associated with the regulation of mood and emotion?
Dopamine
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
GABA
