Worksheets1st Semester Exam Review
Total questions: 61
Worksheet time: 3hrs 31mins
What is the difference between an experiment and an observation?
An experiment involves manipulating variables, while an observation involves watching and recording without interference.
An experiment is always conducted in a laboratory, while an observation is done in natural settings.
An experiment requires a hypothesis, while an observation does not.
An experiment is qualitative, while an observation is quantitative.
Create a hypothesis for the following question: What will happen if I mix baking soda and vinegar together?
It will form a solid substance.
It will change color.
It will produce a gas.
If I mix baking soda and vinegar together, then carbon dioxide will be produced.
In an experiment to test how fast a toy car will roll down a ramp at different heights, what are the independent and dependent variables?
Independent variable: Height of the ramp; Dependent variable: Speed of the toy car
Independent variable: Speed of the toy car; Dependent variable: Height of the ramp
Independent variable: Weight of the toy car; Dependent variable: Height of the ramp
Independent variable: Surface of the ramp; Dependent variable: Speed of the toy car
You generate a hypothesis that if you create a boat using aluminum foil, it will be able to hold 200 pennies while floating in the water. What conclusion could you draw from the experiment where your aluminum foil boat sank after adding 53 pennies?
The hypothesis was correct; the boat can hold 200 pennies.
The hypothesis was incorrect; the boat cannot hold 200 pennies.
The boat can hold more than 200 pennies.
The boat can hold exactly 53 pennies.
Silvia conducted an experiment in a laboratory and reports a new discovery relating to a new vaccine that can provide humans with immunity to an infectious disease. Other scientists are unable to reproduce the results of this experiment. How could this happen?
Silvia made an error in her experiment.
The results are not valid.
The other scientists are not skilled enough.
The vaccine is not effective.
A scientist conducted an experiment 25 years ago and has since collected new data that led to a new conclusion. Does this mean that the scientist’s original conclusion was wrong?
Yes, the original conclusion was wrong.
No, the original conclusion was based on the data available at the time.
It depends on the nature of the new data.
The original conclusion is irrelevant now.
After a scientist collects data and inputs it into a chart or graph, what should the next step in the scientific investigation be?
Make a hypothesis
Observe & record results
Share results.
True or false: There is only one way to conduct a scientific investigation.
True
False
Robert goes outside and takes notes on the behaviors of squirrels in the park at the same time each day for 7 days. After he finishes, Jim does the same experiment the following week and the two share notes. In what ways was the experiment of observing squirrel behaviors repeated and replicated by Robert and Jim?
Robert and Jim observed different animals.
Robert and Jim observed squirrels at different times.
Robert repeated multiple trials over 7 days. Jim replicated Robert's experiment.
Robert and Jim observed squirrels in different locations.
Why would a scientist prefer to conduct certain investigations in a laboratory?
To have a controlled environment
To save time
To reduce costs
To avoid ethical issues
Why is it important for a hypothesis to be testable?
To ensure it can be proven or disproven through experimentation
To make it easier to write scientific papers
To allow for more complex theories to be developed
To ensure it aligns with existing scientific beliefs
What are some ways you could organize data in an experiment?
Using tables and charts
Randomly
Ignoring it
Only in memory
What type of scientific investigations would involve making observations?
Descriptive investigations
Theoretical investigations
Computational investigations
What is the difference between repetition and replication?
Repetition involves repeating the same experiment multiple times, while replication involves conducting the experiment by different researchers or in different settings.
Repetition and replication are the same and involve repeating the same experiment multiple times.
Repetition involves conducting the experiment by different researchers, while replication involves repeating the same experiment multiple times.
Repetition and replication both involve conducting the experiment by different researchers.
Which type of experiment would involve using both qualitative and quantitative data?
A survey with open-ended and multiple-choice questions
A mathematical computation
A chemical reaction observation
A historical document analysis
You want to conduct an experiment to see how long it takes for different types of apples to turn brown once you cut them. What is a variable that should remain constant in an experiment to see how long it takes for different types of apple to turn brown once you cut them?
Type of apple
Temperature of the environment
Time of day the experiment is conducted
Sweetness of the apple
You build 3 different types of filtration systems to clean water for drinking. What type of data would you need to collect on this experiment?
Quantitative
Qualitative
Why are peer-reviewed papers based on scientific investigations considered more trustworthy than ones that are not?
They are reviewed by experts in the field before publication.
They are published in more prestigious journals.
They are longer and more detailed.
They are more frequently cited.
Before you create a hypothesis, what should you do?
Think about a problem or question about the world around you.
Write a conclusion
Perform an experiment
Analyze data
Which container represents a liquid?
Container A
Container B
Container C
64 oz of water will begin to boil at 212°F (100°C). At what temperature would 32 oz of water boil?
212°F (100°C)
200°F (93°C)
180°F (82°C)
220°F (104°C)
Describe how the particle motion in solids and liquids are similar and describe how they are different.
The particles in both are always in motion, but in solids they have a fixed arrangement and in liquids they move freely past each other.
The particles in a solid are not in motion, and the particles in a liquid move freely past each other.
The particles in both are not in motion.
The particles in both are always in motion, but in liquids they have a fixed arrangement and in solids they move freely past each other.
The sun warms a body of water which causes the particles at the surface to gain heat, rise and form clouds. What is this process called in terms of change in state and thermal energy?
Evaporation
Condensation
Sublimation
Freezing
How does condensation differ from evaporation? Describe how they differ in regards to thermal energy.
Condensation releases thermal energy, while evaporation absorbs it.
Condensation absorbs thermal energy, while evaporation releases it.
Both processes release thermal energy.
Both processes absorb thermal energy.
What are the two types of vaporization and what is the main difference between the two?
Evaporation and boiling; evaporation occurs at the surface and boiling occurs throughout the liquid
Condensation and sublimation; condensation is a gas to liquid transition and sublimation is solid to gas
Melting and freezing; melting is solid to liquid and freezing is liquid to solid
Sublimation and deposition; sublimation is solid to gas and deposition is gas to solid
Describe the difference between melting and freezing in regards to thermal energy.
Melting involves the absorption of thermal energy, while freezing involves the release of thermal energy.
Melting involves the release of thermal energy, while freezing involves the absorption of thermal energy.
Both melting and freezing involve the absorption of thermal energy.
Both melting and freezing involve the release of thermal energy.
How could the volume of a gas be increased?
By increasing the temperature
By decreasing the temperature
By increasing the pressure
By decreasing the pressure
Which container represents a solid?
Container A
Container B
Container C
Is there a state of matter in which particles do not move?
Yes, in the solid state
Yes, in the liquid state
Yes, in the gaseous state
No, particles always move
Polar ice caps are melting in the arctic. In terms of thermal energy and change in state, what is happening to the ice caps?
The ice caps are gaining thermal energy and changing from solid to liquid state.
The ice caps are losing thermal energy and changing from liquid to solid state.
The ice caps are gaining thermal energy and changing from liquid to gas state.
The ice caps are losing thermal energy and changing from gas to liquid state.
Which container represents a gas?
Container A
Container B
Container C
What occurs during condensation in this diagram of the water cycle?
The water vapor evaporates from the surface and changes state to liquid in order to form clouds.
The liquid water forms clouds.
Liquid water freezes and falls to Earth as snow.
Water vapor falls to the Earth as fog.
What is the difference between the kinetic energy of the particles in milk versus a milkshake?
The particles in the milk move faster and have more kinetic energy than the particles in the milkshake because the milk has more thermal energy.
The kinetic energy of particles in a milkshake is higher than in milk.
There is no difference in the kinetic energy of particles in milk and a milkshake.
The kinetic energy of particles in milk and a milkshake depends on temperature.
A block of lead has a density of 11.5 g/cm³ and measures 8 cm x 5 cm x 3 cm. What is the mass of the block?
1150 g
1380 g
920 g
960 g
How could you prove to someone that air is matter?
Weigh an empty balloon, then fill it with air and weigh it again and compare the two.
By explaining that air is invisible
By stating that air is a gas
By demonstrating that air is essential for breathing
Find the volume of each:
1. Density = 13.8 g/mL Mass = 27 g
2. Density = 22.7 g/mL Mass = 59 g
3. Density = 5.3 g/mL Mass = 21.6 g
1) 1.96 mL; 2) 2.6 mL; 3) 4.07 mL
1) 2.6 mL; 2) 1.96 mL; 3) 4.07 mL
1) 1.96 mL; 2) 4.07 mL; 3) 2.6 mL
1) 4.07 mL; 2) 2.6 mL; 3) 1.96 mL
How can an object’s weight change but the object’s mass stay the same?
A bowling ball weighs 9 lbs on Earth, but only 1.5 lbs on the moon, but its mass does not change.
The object is heated, causing its mass to change.
The object is compressed, altering its mass.
The object is split into smaller parts, changing its mass.
What is density?
The amount of space an object occupies
The mass of an object per unit volume
The weight of an object in air
The volume of an object per unit mass
People often shake snow globes in order to see them work because the particles sink to the bottom. Why does this happen?
The particles are denser than the liquid inside the globe.
The particles are lighter than the liquid inside the globe.
The particles are magnetic and attracted to the base.
The particles dissolve in the liquid over time.
How do measuring the densities of a regular shape and an irregular shape differ?
By using different methods for finding volume
By using different units of measurement
By using different types of scales
By using different types of liquids for displacement
How does measuring the density of a liquid differ from measuring the density of a solid?
Solids can be measured with a ruler, formula, or water displacement. Liquid volume requires a tool such as a graduated cylinder to measure.
By using a thermometer for liquids and a ruler for solids
By using a barometer for liquids and a scale for solids
By using a hygrometer for liquids and a caliper for solids
Oil spills can be devastating to our marine ecosystems. Oil floats on water. This makes clean up easier than it would be if they were to mix. Why does it float?
Because oil is denser than water
Because oil is less dense than water
Because oil and water have the same density
Because oil is heavier than water
What are the steps involved in finding the density of a substance?
Measure the mass and volume of the substance, then divide mass by volume.
Measure the temperature and pressure of the substance, then divide temperature by pressure.
Measure the color and texture of the substance, then divide color by texture.
Measure the weight and height of the substance, then divide weight by height.
What happens to the density of an object once it’s cut in half?
The density doubles
The density is halved
The density remains the same
The density becomes zero
Find the Density of each:
1. Mass = 20 g Volume= 15 mL
2. Mass = 50 g Volume = 19 mL
3. Mass = 25.6 g Volume = 68 mL
1) 1.333 g/mL; 2) 0.376 g/mL; 3) 2.631 g/mL
1) 0.376 g/mL; 2) 1.333 g/mL; 3) 2.631 g/mL
1) 2.631 g/mL; 2) 1.333 g/mL;3) 0.376 g/mL
1) 1.333 g/mL; 2) 2.631 g/mL; 3) 0.376 g/mL
Which of the following best describes the similarities and differences between these two substances?
Box B has a higher mass than Box A. Both have the same volume, so B has a higher density.
Box B has a higher mass and volume than Box A, so B has a higher density.
Box A has a higher mass and volume than Box B, so A has a higher density.
Box B and Box A have the same mass and volume, so they have the same density.
Find the volume of each:
1. Density = 13.8 g/mL Mass = 27 g
2. Density = 22.7 g/mL Mass = 59 g
3. Density = 5.3 g/mL Mass = 21.6 g
1) 1.95 mL; 2) 4.07 mL; 3) 2.6 mL
1) 4.07 mL; 2) 2.6 mL; 3) 1.95 mL
1) 2.6 mL; 2) 1.95 mL; 3) 4.07 mL
1) 1.95 mL; 2) 2.6 mL; 3) 4.07 mL
Why do scientists find the periodic table to be a useful tool?
It organizes elements by increasing atomic number and similar chemical properties.
It provides a list of all known chemical reactions.
It is a historical document of element discovery.
It is used to predict weather patterns.
Explain the relationship that exists between atoms and elements.
Each element is a different type of atom. An element can be identified by how many protons it has in its nucleus, which is unique to each element.
Elements are the smallest units of atoms, which are pure substances consisting of only one type of element.
Atoms and elements are unrelated concepts in chemistry.
Elements are made up of different types of atoms combined together.
What are the charges and the masses of electrons, protons, and neutrons?
Electrons have a negative charge and negligible mass, protons have a positive charge and a mass of approximately 1 atomic mass unit, and neutrons have no charge and a mass similar to protons.
Electrons have a positive charge and a mass of approximately 1 atomic mass unit, protons have a negative charge and negligible mass, and neutrons have no charge and a mass similar to electrons.
Electrons have no charge and a mass similar to protons, protons have a positive charge and negligible mass, and neutrons have a negative charge and a mass of approximately 1 atomic mass unit.
Electrons have a negative charge and a mass similar to protons, protons have no charge and a mass of approximately 1 atomic mass unit, and neutrons have a positive charge and negligible mass.
Which two of these elements share chemical properties? How do you know?
Fe and Ru because they are in the same group.
Fe and Mn because the atomic numbers are in numerical order.
Xe and P because they are both gases.
Ca and Fe because they are in the same period.
Elements in the same group have similar properties because they have the same number of:
Protons
Neutrons
Valence electrons
Electrons
What is the difference between the nucleus of a Sodium (Na) atom and a Magnesium (Mg) atom?
Sodium has 11 protons and Magnesium has 12 protons
Sodium has 12 protons and Magnesium has 11 protons
Sodium has 11 neutrons and Magnesium has 12 neutrons
Sodium has 12 neutrons and Magnesium has 11 neutrons
How could an isotope identify an element?
By the atomic mass, which is the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom.
By the atomic number, which is the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom.
By the number of electrons, which is the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom.
By the number or protons, which is the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom.
Could an element go between Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) on the periodic table? Why or why not?
Yes, because there is space for new elements.
No, because the atomic numbers are consecutive.
Yes, because elements can be added anywhere.
No, because Copper and Zinc are in different periods.
As you go through the periodic table, do each of the elements increase in atomic mass as they increase in atomic number?
Yes, each element increases in atomic mass as atomic number increases.
No, there are exceptions where atomic mass does not increase with atomic number.
Which element is found in group 2, period 6?
Barium
Radium
Calcium
Strontium
What is the difference between the kinetic energy of the particles in milk versus a milkshake?
The particles in the milkshake move faster because it is thicker, so thicker liquids always have more kinetic energy.
The particles in the milk move faster and have more kinetic energy than the particles in the milkshake because the milk has more thermal energy.
Milk and milkshakes have the exact same particle motion because changing a liquid’s temperature does not affect kinetic energy.
The milk has slower-moving particles because liquids with less mass always have lower kinetic energy than thicker liquids.
What are two elements with similar properties to the element found in group 2, period 6?
Calcium (Ca) and Oxygen (O)
Barium (Ba) & Beryllium (Be)
Hydrogen (H) and Lithium (Li)
Neon (Ne) and Argon (Ar)
You want to conduct an experiment to see how long it takes for different types of apples to turn brown once you cut them. What is a variable that should remain constant in this experiment?
Type of apples
Time
Knife used to cut apples
Flavor of the apples
What are some ways you could organize data in an experiment?
Make a booklet
Record a video
Write a paragraph
Make graphs, charts, and tables
