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WorksheetsBIOL 108 A&P Lecture Exam4
Total questions: 57
Worksheet time: 39mins
Which of the enzymes below has/have the ability to BOTH separate the strands of the DNA in order to expose the bases AND pair up complementary nucleotides to make new nucleic acid chains?
DNA polymerase
A and B
RNA polymerase
A and C
Helicase
On the X chromosome, there is a dominant gene (we’ll call it Q) for an enzyme that is critical to normal body function. When the defective recessive gene is inherited and expressed, the result is a horrible disease. If a healthy father mates with a sick/afflicted mother, what are the odds that any of the sons will have the horrible disease?
(a)
Which of the following epidermal strata is the most superficial layer in which cells are typically still living?
Lucidum
Basale
Granulosum
Corneum
none of these
What is the name for the class of exocrine glands that produce a water secretion created by exocytosis?
(a)
What is the name for the primary component of the inorganic material found in bone?
(a)
Which of the following cells plays the primary role in the resorption of bone during bone remodeling?
fibroblasts
osteoblasts
osteocytes
osteoclasts
Which of the following hormones is made/secreted in response to high calcium in the blood?
Parathyroid Hormone
Calcitriol
Calcitonin
Two of the above
None of the above
What is the term for a calcium imbalance in the blood that leads to decreased excitability of the nervous and muscular systems and lethargy?
(a)
Removing phosphate from blood into the urine is a good way to maintain higher calcium concentrations in the blood.
True
False
A fracture of a bone that is broken into two distinct pieces that breaks through the skin is:
Incomplete:Open
Complete:Closed
Comminuted:Closed
Linear:Open
Complete:Open
Both males and females typically lose bone density at the same rate as they age.
True
False
Which of the first four statements below is TRUE regarding bone healing?
Bones do not bleed when they are broken.
A soft (fibrocartilage) callus forms within two days following the fracture.
External fixation can be removed once the soft callus has formed.
Granulation tissue forms in the hematoma within the first 48 hours following the fracture.
both C and D are TRUE statements
Name one specific cartilaginous joint and specify the type of cartilage found in it.
(a)
Name one of the three types of fibrous joints and give one location where the specific type of joint you named may be found.
(a)
which of the following is not a component of all synovial joints?
Hyaline cartilage
Synovial fluid
Fibrous capsule
Endosteum
Meniscus are made of fibrocartilage and functions as straps holding the knee joint together.
True
False
What are the ligaments found on the inside of the knee joint connecting to the femur to the tibia called?
(a)
What is the name for the fluid filled sacs that wrap around tendons to provide cushioning and increase slide ability of those tendons?
(a)
What is an example of a condylar joint?
(a)
give an example of a saddle joint
(a)
A high mechanical advantage, gained by the use of levers leads to
more force, less speed
More force, more speed
Less force, more speed
Less force, less speed
What is the relationship of the effort fulcrum and resistance in a 2nd class lever?
(a)
What is the most common type of lever found in the body?
1st class
2nd class
3rd class
When a ballerina rises on point, on her toes, what motion is she preforming?
(a)
what motion is a softball pitcher performing when she swings her arm in a complete circle to deliver a pitch to home?
(a)
Which of the following muscle types are typically under voluntary control?
Smooth
Skeletal
Cardiac
More than one above
Which of the following muscle types has cylindrical fibers?
Smooth
Skeletal
Cardiac
More than one option
What is the name for the connective tissue membrane surrounding a single myofiber within a muscle?
(a)
What is the name for a bundle of muscle fibers packaged within the perimysium in a muscle?
Fascial
Periostracum
Cross bridges
The series elastic components of muscles are elastic fibers that give the muscle extensibility.
True
False
What is the name for the extension of the sarcolemma that projects into the muscle cell forming the center channel of the triad?
(a)
Name the protein that makes up the thick filaments in skeletal muscle.
(a)
A single efferent neuron, with all of the skeletal muscle fibers that it innervates, is called a _____ ____
(a)
Which of the following is the sarcomere band that contains no think filaments?
A-Band
H-Band
I-Band
M-Band
The H-band of the sarcomere is defined by the length of the thick filaments.
True
False
What is the name of the structure that holds the thin filaments in their 3-dimensional alignment in the sarcomere?
(a)
What is the name for the synapse between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber?
(a)
What protein makes up Z-discs?
(a)
ACh is stored in vesicles in the synaptic knob prior to being released by exocytosis.
True
False
The gap between a neuron and the muscle fiber it innervates is called the synaptic chasm.
True
False
What is the name for the infoldings of the sarcolemma covered in ACh receptors located at the motor end plate?
(a)
Which is the name for the effect on membrane polarity caused by a single ACh receptor opening at the motor end plate?
Local Potential
Motor potential
Action Potential
End-Plate Potential
Isolation Potential
Which sarcomere band does not shorten during muscle contractions?
A-Band
M-line
I-band
H-Band
Triad
Which is the location where ATP is broken down to ADP and phosphate during muscle contraction?
T-T complex
ACh receptor
Z-Disc
Myosin Head
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
What enzyme is required to stop the chemical signal being sent from the neuron to the muscle fibers?
(a)
What molecule needs to bind to the complex that regulates the exposure of active sites on the thin filaments?
(a)
Which of the following statements are TRUE relating to muscle contraction and relaxation.
ATP is required for an action potential to travel down the sarcolemma
Junctional folds at the motor end plate contain AChE channels
Calsequestrin binds Ca+ in the terminal cisternae
Voltage-gates channels in the motor end plate open to allow Ca+ into the muscle fiber causing and end plate potential
If a toxin blocks the binding of acetylcholine to its receptor and does not open the ligand-gated channels, what will happen to the muscle?
Spastic Paralysis
Flaccid Paralysis
Nothing, the muscle will act normally
Rigor mortis occurs because after an individual dies there is no ATP to break the ___ ___ between thick and thin filaments.
(a)
What is the term in neuron/ muscle electrophysiology that represents the minimum level of stimulus in order to elicit a response
(a)
Which answer is FALSE with regard to a muscle twitch:
The contraction phase involves increasing tension but no shortening of the anatomical muscle
The latent period is the shortest phase of the muscle twitch
The relaxation phase occurs after contraction phase
The latent period is the time necessary for excitation, contraction-coupling of the myofilaments, and overcoming the extensibility of the series- elastic components
Which of the following is TRUE with respect to phases of muscle contraction?
Isotonic = tension decreasing
Isometric = Muscle shortening
Isotonic = tension increasing
Isometric = tension changing
Glycolysis, in the absence of oxygen, produces no ATP.
True
False
Which is FALSE regarding the process of ATP metabolism in muscles during exercise?
Glycogen is the storage form of glucose for immediate use when a muscle is stimulated
Prior to repayment of the oxygen dept at the end of exercise, the very first and last phases of normal muscle metabolism involve aerobic processes
Aerobic respiration occurs in the muscle once o2 is being effectively delivered to the muscle by the circulatory and respiratory system
Aerobic respiration produces lactic acid which is detrimental to muscle function
What molecule is produced by both enzymes in the phosphagen system?
(a)
Repayment of the oxygen debt at the end of exercise involves hyperventilation to reload (a) with o2
Which of FALSE regarding protein synthesis?
RNA polymerase is needed to read the template strand of the DNA in order to make proteins
Transcription occurs at the template DNA strand
mNRA, tRNA, and ribosomes are all involved in translation
Exons are cleaved out of the Pre-mRNA
