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WorksheetsFinal exam review
Total questions: 54
Worksheet time: 27mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Which risk factor has the strongest association with peripheral arterial disease (PAD)?
a)
Smoking
b)
Hypertension
c)
Female sex
d)
Obesity
2.
Which symptom best differentiates claudication from neuropathic pain?
a)
Pain at rest
b)
Burning sensation
c)
Pain relieved with rest
d)
Nighttime pain
3.
Which arterial layer is primarily affected by atherosclerosis?
a)
Intima
b)
Media
c)
Adventitia
d)
Vasa vasorum
4.
Dependent rubor occurs due to:
a)
Venous reflux
b)
Capillary dilation
c)
Ischemic vasodilation
d)
Increased venous pressure
5.
Which vessel primarily regulates tissue perfusion with vasoconstriction and vasodilation?
a)
Large arteries
b)
Capillaries
c)
Arterioles
d)
Veins
6.
Which condition produces pain at rest with pallor and coldness?
a)
Venous insufficiency
b)
Cellulitis
c)
Critical limb ischemia
d)
DVT
7.
Loss of hair on the lower extremities is most consistent with:
a)
Venous disease
b)
Arterial disease
c)
Neuropathy
d)
Lymphedema
8.
A normal ankle-brachial index (ABI) range is:
a)
0.00–0.40
b)
0.41–0.90
c)
0.91–1.30
d)
>1.30
9.
Which ABI value suggests noncompressible arteries?
a)
<0.40
b)
0.60
c)
1.10
d)
>1.30
10.
Segmental limb pressures are measured to localize:
a)
Venous reflux
b)
Arterial occlusive disease
c)
Neuropathy
d)
Lymphedema
11.
A drop of how many mmHg between adjacent segmental pressures suggests disease?
a)
10 mmHg
b)
15 mmHg
c)
20 mmHg
d)
30 mmHg
12.
Toe pressures are preferred over ankle pressures in patients with:
a)
Normal ABI
b)
Venous disease
c)
Diabetes
d)
Young age
13.
A normal toe-brachial index (TBI) is:
a)
<0.50
b)
0.50–0.70
c)
>0.75
d)
=1
14.
Which artifact can falsely elevate ABI values?
a)
Calcified arteries
b)
Low cardiac output
c)
Venous reflux
d)
Edema
15.
A ≥50% arterial stenosis is best indicated by:
a)
Plaque presence alone
b)
Velocity doubling
c)
Post-stenotic bruit
d)
Loss of triphasic flow
16.
Post-stenotic turbulence is characterized by:
a)
Laminar flow
b)
Spectral broadening
c)
Bidirectional flow
d)
Absent signal
17.
Which waveform is normal in peripheral arteries?
a)
Monophasic
b)
Biphasic
c)
Triphasic
d)
Venous
18.
Low-resistance arterial waveforms are expected in:
a)
Resting extremities
b)
Renal arteries
c)
Diseased limbs
d)
Venous systems
19.
Which finding suggests distal arterial disease?
a)
High PSV
b)
Prolonged acceleration time
c)
Retrograde flow
d)
Increased diastolic flow
20.
Which Doppler angle in vascular imaging provides the most accurate velocity measurements?
a)
0°
b)
30°
c)
45–60°
d)
>70°
21.
Loss of reverse flow in an arterial waveform suggests:
a)
Normal finding
b)
High resistance
c)
Proximal stenosis
d)
Distal disease
22.
A true aneurysm involves dilation of:
a)
Intima only
b)
Media only
c)
All three wall layers
d)
Adventitia only
23.
A popliteal artery aneurysm is defined as a diameter greater than:
a)
1.0 cm
b)
1.5 cm
c)
2.0 cm
d)
2.5 cm
24.
A pseudoaneurysm forms due to:
a)
Wall weakness
b)
Full wall dilation
c)
Contained arterial rupture
d)
Congenital defect
25.
Which complication is most associated with popliteal aneurysms?
a)
Rupture
b)
Embolization
c)
Dissection
d)
Infection
26.
A bypass graft PSV greater than 300 cm/s suggests:
a)
Normal graft
b)
Graft failure
c)
Low-grade stenosis
d)
Mild turbulence
27.
When evaluating a AAA, to allow for proper stent anchoring, there should be at least _______ of normal aorta between the left RA and the aneurysm.
a)
.1 mm
b)
2mm
c)
1 mm
d)
1cm
28.
Low graft velocities may be normal when graft diameter is:
a)
<4 mm
b)
4–6 mm
c)
>6 mm
d)
>8 mm
29.
Which symptom is most associated with arterial thoracic outlet syndrome?
a)
Neck pain
b)
Cold sensitivity
c)
Arm swelling
d)
Paresthesia
30.
A brachial pressure difference greater than ____ mmHg suggests subclavian disease:
a)
10
b)
15
c)
20
d)
30
31.
Which artery forms the superficial palmar arch?
a)
Radial
b)
Ulnar
c)
Brachial
d)
Axillary
32.
Which would be a candidate for radial artery harvest?
a)
ulnar dominant arch
b)
radial dominant arch
c)
dual dominating arch
d)
complete arch
33.
Upper extremity arterial disease most commonly affects the:
a)
Axillary artery
b)
Subclavian artery
c)
Ulnar artery
d)
Radial artery
34.
Which condition is a contraindication to upper extremity arterial pressures?
a)
Hypertension
b)
Dialysis graft
c)
Smoking history
d)
Cold hands
35.
Which type of thoracic outlet syndrome is most common?
a)
Arterial
b)
Venous
c)
Neurogenic
d)
Mixed
36.
Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is most commonly used for:
a)
Thoracic aneurysm
b)
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
c)
Femoral aneurysm
d)
Popliteal aneurysm
37.
A Type I endoleak results from:
a)
Branch vessel filling
b)
Graft migration
c)
Poor proximal or distal seal
d)
Graft porosity
38.
Which endoleak is caused by retrograde collateral flow?
a)
Type I
b)
Type II
c)
Type III
d)
Type IV
39.
Fabric tear of an endograft produces which endoleak?
a)
Type I
b)
Type II
c)
Type III
d)
Type V
40.
Endotension is classified as which endoleak type?
a)
Type I
b)
Type II
c)
Type III
d)
Type V
41.
Which endoleak type often resolves spontaneously?
a)
Type I
b)
Type II
c)
Type III
d)
Type V
42.
Persistent sac enlargement after EVAR suggests:
a)
Successful repair
b)
Endoleak
c)
Graft patency
d)
Normal finding
43.
The transtemporal window is used to evaluate which artery?
a)
Basilar
b)
MCA
c)
Vertebral
d)
Ophthalmic
44.
Normal MCA flow direction is:
a)
Toward the transducer
b)
Away from the transducer
c)
Bidirectional
d)
Absent
45.
The basilar artery is insonated via which window?
a)
Transtemporal
b)
Suboccipital
c)
Transorbital
d)
Submandibular
46.
In TCD, normal vertebral artery flow direction is:
a)
Toward the brain
b)
Away from the brain
c)
Retrograde
d)
Bidirectional
47.
Which vessel supplies the posterior cerebral hemispheres?
a)
MCA
b)
ACA
c)
PCA
d)
Basilar
48.
A renal artery ratio (RAR) greater than ____ indicates significant stenosis.
a)
2.5
b)
3
c)
3.5
d)
4
49.
Normal adult kidney length is approximately:
a)
7–9 cm
b)
8–10 cm
c)
9–12 cm
d)
10–15 cm
50.
Portal veins are identified by:
a)
Thin echolucent walls
b)
Thick echogenic walls
c)
Absent walls
d)
High resistance flow
51.
Which condition allows venous emboli to enter arterial circulation?
a)
Pulmonary hypertension
b)
Right-to-left shunt
c)
Left-to-right shunt
d)
Venous reflux
52.
An abnormal penile/brachial index is defined as less than:
a)
0.9
b)
0.8
c)
0.7
d)
0.6
53.
A sudden drop in ankle-brachial index (ABI) after exercise suggests:
a)
Lymphedema
b)
Normal arterial flow
c)
Arterial obstruction
d)
Venous insufficiency
54.
Which artery is commonly used for coronary artery bypass grafting?
a)
Axillary artery
b)
Popliteal artery
c)
Femoral artery
d)
Radial artery
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