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rad physics final

Total questions: 73

Worksheet time: 37mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

current that changes direction in the conductor

a)

indirect current

b)

weak current

c)

direct current

d)

alternating current

2.

electron potential is measured in:

a)

joules

b)

ohms

c)

volts

d)

coulombs

3.

a material that allows electrons to move is:

a)

a conductor

b)

an insulator

c)

an inductor

d)

a semiconductor

4.

alternating current is produced by:

a)

a semiconductor

b)

a capacitor

c)

a generator

d)

a battery

5.

in a parallel circuit:

a)

as more resistors are added total resistance increases

b)

current flow is equal across its parallel branches

c)

ohms law does not apply

d)

voltage is equal across all branches of the circuit

6.

in a series circuit:

a)

voltage can be added to find total

b)

current is always constant

c)

resistance can be added to find total

d)

all of the above

7.

like poles of a magnet _____ each other and opposite poles _____ each other.

a)

attract; repel

b)

repel; attract

c)

repel; repel

d)

attract; attract

8.

ohm's law is mathematically described as:

a)

V=IR

b)

P=IV

c)

C=Q/V

d)

none of these

9.

the ability to do work because of a separation of charges is known as:

a)

electric current

b)

electrostatics

c)

potential difference

d)

electrodynamics

10.

what is the difference between AC and DC

a)

DC travels back and forth, AC travels in only one direction

b)

DC has frequency

c)

AC travels back and forth, DC travels is only one direction

d)

none of these

11.

as more and more electrons build up in the area of the filament, their negative charges oppose the emission of additional electrons. This phenomenon is known as:

a)

space charge effect

b)

thermionic emission

c)

current saturation

d)

biased cloud formation

12.

the autotransformer has _____ winding(s).

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

13.

a single-phase waveform has _____ ripple

a)

4%

b)

14%

c)

96%

d)

100%

14.

which timer is used to eompensate for differences in part thickness by terminating the exposure when ionization from the exposure reaches a certain level?

a)

AEC timer

b)

electronic timer

c)

mAs time

d)

none of the above

15.

the incoming line current is supplied:

a)

as direct current

b)

in the form of a single-phase power cycle

c)

at approximately 60 volts

d)

in the form of three-phase power cycle

16.

variations in power distribution to the x-ray machine are correct by the:

a)

line voltage compensator

b)

automatic exposure control

c)

high voltage autotransformer

d)

full-wave rectifier

17.

x-ray photon production occurs at the:

a)

cathode

b)

stator

c)

anode

d)

filament

18.

when a conductor has a smaller cross-sectional area:

a)

resistance increases

b)

resistance decreases

c)

resistance stays the same

d)

none of the above

19.

a transformer with 100 turns on the primary side and 50 turns on the secondar:

a)

will have 100 times the current on the secondary side

b)

is a step-up transformer

c)

is a step-down transformer

d)

is a transformer that works on self-induction

20.

the _____ converts volts to kilovolts.

a)

step-up transformer

b)

autotransformer

c)

step-down transformer

d)

none of the above

21.

the process of light being released from the phosphor because of stimulation by laser light is known as:

a)

scintillation

b)

photostimulable luminescence

c)

photodetection

d)

phosphorescence

22.

the portion of useful image-forming x-rays is referred to as the _____:

a)

signal

b)

frequency

c)

noise

d)

none of the above

23.

the range of exposures that produce acceptable information to be used in image formation is known as:

a)

exposure latitude

b)

dynamic range

c)

EI

d)

DQE

24.

digital radiographic (DR) systems are divided into two classes:

a)

computed radiography and storage phosphor technology

b)

laser digitizers and selenium plates

c)

storage phosphor and photostimulable plate technology

d)

direct and indirect conversion

25.

a voxel is different than a pixel in that a voxel:

a)

possesses a third dimension

b)

controls the pixel dimension

c)

controls the volume of audio

d)

has only two dimensions

26.

a common feature between indirect and direct DR technology is:

a)

thin film technology (TFT)

b)

casettes

c)

a scintillation layer

d)

imaging plates

27.

the volume of patient tissue that is represented by the individual hardware is called a:

a)

del

b)

matrix

c)

pixel

d)

voxel

28.

the term used to describe the emission of light in all directions is

a)

isotropic

b)

heterogenous

c)

homogenous

d)

scintillation

29.

what is determined by measuring the distance from the center of one del to the center of an adjacent del?

a)

voxel size

b)

pitch

c)

attenuation coefficient

d)

pixel size

30.

during x-ray exposure of a CR image receptor, within its molecular structure the excited electrons get stuck in:

a)

address driver

b)

capacitor

c)

f-traps

d)

analog-to-digital converter (ADC)

31.

the charge created in the detector surface of a thin film transistor (TFT) array is collected in the _____.

a)

capacitor

b)

address driver

c)

f-traps

d)

analog-to-digital converter (ADC)

32.

the inverse square law describes the relationship between _____ and beam intensity.

a)

exposure time

b)

kVp

c)

distance

d)

mAs

33.

the use of the line-focus principle causes a problem known as the _____ effect.

a)

anode heel

b)

space charge

c)

vacuum

d)

quantum mottle

34.

one HVL reduces the intensity of the x-ray beam to _____ of its original.

a)

1/4

b)

1/3

c)

1/2

d)

2/3

35.

the efficiency of x-ray production increases as _____ increases

a)

kVp

b)

mA

c)

time

d)

A and B

36.

the primary controlling factor for beam quality is:

a)

mAs

b)

filtration

c)

distance

d)

kVp

37.

the total number of x-ray photons in a beam is referred to as the:

a)

x-ray quantity

b)

x-ray quality

c)

x-ray beam

d)

atomic number

38.

a discrete emission spectrum is a graphic representation of:

a)

bremsstrahlung radiation

b)

remnant radiation

c)

characteristic radiation

d)

none of the above

39.

x-ray beam quality is improved by:

a)

increasing filtration

b)

increasing distance

c)

decreasing filtration

d)

lowering kVp

40.

x-rays are produced by:

a)

bremsstrahlung interactions

b)

outer shell interactions

c)

characteristic interactions

d)

A and C

41.

x-ray quantity increases in direct proportion to increases in:

a)

kVp

b)

mAs

c)

filtration

d)

distance

42.

the process of outer orbital electron absorbing energy from an incident electron causing it to jump up a level, but not ejecting from the atom is known as:

a)

excitation

b)

annihilation

c)

ionization

d)

none of the above

43.

the higher the _____ of the target material used in the anode, the more efficient it is at 'capturing' projectile electrons with more x-rays produced

a)

atomic mass

b)

mass number

c)

atomic number

d)

none of the above

44.

during the process of attenuation, the x-ray photon may interact with:

a)

an orbital electron

b)

the entire atom

c)

the nucleus

d)

all of these

45.

when an x-ray photon with a slightly greater energy than the binding energy of the inner-shell electron interacts with that inner-shell electron, the following interaction results:

a)

photoelectric absorption

b)

coherent scattering

c)

pair production

d)

compton scattering

46.

which interaction has a significant impact on the x-ray image?

a)

compton scattering

b)

coherent scattering

c)

photodisintegration

d)

pair production

47.

during a photoelectric interaction:

a)

electrons for all levels are ejected

b)

no electrons are ejected

c)

an inner-shell electron is ejected

d)

an outer-shell electron is ejected

48.

photoelectric interactions are more likely to occur in:

a)

all types of tissues

b)

soft tissue

c)

air

d)

bone

49.

a primary protective barrier must extend upward from the floor to a height of at least _____.

a)

5ft

b)

6ft

c)

7ft

d)

8ft

50.

pair production occurs when the incident photon interacts with:

a)

the nucleus of the atom

b)

an inner-shell electron

c)

an outer-shell electron

d)

B and C

51.

the three cardinal principles of radiation protection involve:

a)

exposure, shielding, and ALARA

b)

time, distance, and shielding

c)

dose, shielding, and exposure

d)

ALARA, time, and distance

52.

when x-ray photons interact with matter and change direction, the process is called:

a)

extrapolation

b)

absorption

c)

interpolation

d)

scatter

53.

in which process is matter converted back to energy?

a)

nuclear reaction

b)

Compton scatter

c)

annihilation reaction

d)

photodisintigration

54.

the energy imparted directly to electrons per unit mass of air defines the:

a)

kerma

b)

effective dose

c)

exposure

d)

absorbed dose

55.

doses of radionuclides administered to patients for nuclear medicine procedures are measured in:

a)

mrem

b)

mR

c)

mrad

d)

mCi

56.

tissues that x-rays pass through easily are said to be _____.

a)

radiolucent

b)

radiosensitive

c)

radiopaque

d)

none of the above

57.

when a single personnel monitoring device is worn, it should be worn at the _____ level and _____ the lead apron

a)

collar, outside

b)

waist, inside

c)

collar, inside

d)

waist, outside

58.

binary code is a computer language based on:

a)

ones and zeros

b)

ones and tens

c)

tens and zeros

d)

none of the above

59.

RAM is _____

a)

permanent

b)

temporary

c)

long term

d)

none of the above

60.

a small point within an image that has been assigned a particular gray shade or brightness:

a)

resolution point

b)

photo spot

c)

digital element

d)

pixel

61.

for digital imaging, each frame displayed consists of a discrete number of rows and columns of picture elements called the:

a)

matrix

b)

signal plate

c)

detection array

d)

display table

62.

in digital imaging, the limiting factor in spatial resolution is the:

a)

pixel pitch

b)

pixel size

c)

pixel depth

d)

bit depth

63.

the ability to distinguish between structures that attenuate the x-ray beam similarly is:

a)

noise

b)

contrast resolution

c)

brightness

d)

spatial resolution

64.

the range of exposures over which a detector can acquire image data is called:

a)

spatial resolution

b)

contrast

c)

spatial frequency

d)

dynamic range

65.

the range of exposures that produce acceptable information to be used in image formation is called:

a)

exposure latitude

b)

dynamic range

c)

exposure range

d)

none of the above

66.

the process of shifting the values of the raw data in a histogram to match the average brightness and scale of contrast for the study performed is called:

a)

histogram analysis

b)

rescaling

c)

look-up-table

d)

edge enhancement

67.

the window level controls image:

a)

contrast

b)

resolution

c)

speed

d)

brightness

68.

the window width controls image:

a)

contrast

b)

speed

c)

darkness

d)

resolution

69.

the purpose of a look-up-table is to:

a)

apply a predetermined scale of contrast to the digital data set

b)

determine the exposure inex

c)

create the histogram

d)

perform geometric processing in order to reorient the image on display

70.

how much of an x-ray tube's incoming energy is converted into heat?

a)

50%

b)

60%

c)

75%

d)

99%

71.

the process of electrons being emitted from heated metallic surfaces is:

a)

thermionic emission

b)

annihilation reacion

c)

space charge effect

d)

none of the above

72.

which devices open a circuit to prevent damage from power surges or circuit overload?

a)

circuit breakes

b)

fuses

c)

rectifiers

d)

A and B

73.

a current of 4 amperes and a resistance of 20 ohms requires what voltage in a series circuit?

a)

5 v

b)

80 v

c)

2 v

d)

none of the above