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Worksheetsrad physics final
Total questions: 73
Worksheet time: 37mins
current that changes direction in the conductor
indirect current
weak current
direct current
alternating current
electron potential is measured in:
joules
ohms
volts
coulombs
a material that allows electrons to move is:
a conductor
an insulator
an inductor
a semiconductor
alternating current is produced by:
a semiconductor
a capacitor
a generator
a battery
in a parallel circuit:
as more resistors are added total resistance increases
current flow is equal across its parallel branches
ohms law does not apply
voltage is equal across all branches of the circuit
in a series circuit:
voltage can be added to find total
current is always constant
resistance can be added to find total
all of the above
like poles of a magnet _____ each other and opposite poles _____ each other.
attract; repel
repel; attract
repel; repel
attract; attract
ohm's law is mathematically described as:
V=IR
P=IV
C=Q/V
none of these
the ability to do work because of a separation of charges is known as:
electric current
electrostatics
potential difference
electrodynamics
what is the difference between AC and DC
DC travels back and forth, AC travels in only one direction
DC has frequency
AC travels back and forth, DC travels is only one direction
none of these
as more and more electrons build up in the area of the filament, their negative charges oppose the emission of additional electrons. This phenomenon is known as:
space charge effect
thermionic emission
current saturation
biased cloud formation
the autotransformer has _____ winding(s).
1
2
3
4
a single-phase waveform has _____ ripple
4%
14%
96%
100%
which timer is used to eompensate for differences in part thickness by terminating the exposure when ionization from the exposure reaches a certain level?
AEC timer
electronic timer
mAs time
none of the above
the incoming line current is supplied:
as direct current
in the form of a single-phase power cycle
at approximately 60 volts
in the form of three-phase power cycle
variations in power distribution to the x-ray machine are correct by the:
line voltage compensator
automatic exposure control
high voltage autotransformer
full-wave rectifier
x-ray photon production occurs at the:
cathode
stator
anode
filament
when a conductor has a smaller cross-sectional area:
resistance increases
resistance decreases
resistance stays the same
none of the above
a transformer with 100 turns on the primary side and 50 turns on the secondar:
will have 100 times the current on the secondary side
is a step-up transformer
is a step-down transformer
is a transformer that works on self-induction
the _____ converts volts to kilovolts.
step-up transformer
autotransformer
step-down transformer
none of the above
the process of light being released from the phosphor because of stimulation by laser light is known as:
scintillation
photostimulable luminescence
photodetection
phosphorescence
the portion of useful image-forming x-rays is referred to as the _____:
signal
frequency
noise
none of the above
the range of exposures that produce acceptable information to be used in image formation is known as:
exposure latitude
dynamic range
EI
DQE
digital radiographic (DR) systems are divided into two classes:
computed radiography and storage phosphor technology
laser digitizers and selenium plates
storage phosphor and photostimulable plate technology
direct and indirect conversion
a voxel is different than a pixel in that a voxel:
possesses a third dimension
controls the pixel dimension
controls the volume of audio
has only two dimensions
a common feature between indirect and direct DR technology is:
thin film technology (TFT)
casettes
a scintillation layer
imaging plates
the volume of patient tissue that is represented by the individual hardware is called a:
del
matrix
pixel
voxel
the term used to describe the emission of light in all directions is
isotropic
heterogenous
homogenous
scintillation
what is determined by measuring the distance from the center of one del to the center of an adjacent del?
voxel size
pitch
attenuation coefficient
pixel size
during x-ray exposure of a CR image receptor, within its molecular structure the excited electrons get stuck in:
address driver
capacitor
f-traps
analog-to-digital converter (ADC)
the charge created in the detector surface of a thin film transistor (TFT) array is collected in the _____.
capacitor
address driver
f-traps
analog-to-digital converter (ADC)
the inverse square law describes the relationship between _____ and beam intensity.
exposure time
kVp
distance
mAs
the use of the line-focus principle causes a problem known as the _____ effect.
anode heel
space charge
vacuum
quantum mottle
one HVL reduces the intensity of the x-ray beam to _____ of its original.
1/4
1/3
1/2
2/3
the efficiency of x-ray production increases as _____ increases
kVp
mA
time
A and B
the primary controlling factor for beam quality is:
mAs
filtration
distance
kVp
the total number of x-ray photons in a beam is referred to as the:
x-ray quantity
x-ray quality
x-ray beam
atomic number
a discrete emission spectrum is a graphic representation of:
bremsstrahlung radiation
remnant radiation
characteristic radiation
none of the above
x-ray beam quality is improved by:
increasing filtration
increasing distance
decreasing filtration
lowering kVp
x-rays are produced by:
bremsstrahlung interactions
outer shell interactions
characteristic interactions
A and C
x-ray quantity increases in direct proportion to increases in:
kVp
mAs
filtration
distance
the process of outer orbital electron absorbing energy from an incident electron causing it to jump up a level, but not ejecting from the atom is known as:
excitation
annihilation
ionization
none of the above
the higher the _____ of the target material used in the anode, the more efficient it is at 'capturing' projectile electrons with more x-rays produced
atomic mass
mass number
atomic number
none of the above
during the process of attenuation, the x-ray photon may interact with:
an orbital electron
the entire atom
the nucleus
all of these
when an x-ray photon with a slightly greater energy than the binding energy of the inner-shell electron interacts with that inner-shell electron, the following interaction results:
photoelectric absorption
coherent scattering
pair production
compton scattering
which interaction has a significant impact on the x-ray image?
compton scattering
coherent scattering
photodisintegration
pair production
during a photoelectric interaction:
electrons for all levels are ejected
no electrons are ejected
an inner-shell electron is ejected
an outer-shell electron is ejected
photoelectric interactions are more likely to occur in:
all types of tissues
soft tissue
air
bone
a primary protective barrier must extend upward from the floor to a height of at least _____.
5ft
6ft
7ft
8ft
pair production occurs when the incident photon interacts with:
the nucleus of the atom
an inner-shell electron
an outer-shell electron
B and C
the three cardinal principles of radiation protection involve:
exposure, shielding, and ALARA
time, distance, and shielding
dose, shielding, and exposure
ALARA, time, and distance
when x-ray photons interact with matter and change direction, the process is called:
extrapolation
absorption
interpolation
scatter
in which process is matter converted back to energy?
nuclear reaction
Compton scatter
annihilation reaction
photodisintigration
the energy imparted directly to electrons per unit mass of air defines the:
kerma
effective dose
exposure
absorbed dose
doses of radionuclides administered to patients for nuclear medicine procedures are measured in:
mrem
mR
mrad
mCi
tissues that x-rays pass through easily are said to be _____.
radiolucent
radiosensitive
radiopaque
none of the above
when a single personnel monitoring device is worn, it should be worn at the _____ level and _____ the lead apron
collar, outside
waist, inside
collar, inside
waist, outside
binary code is a computer language based on:
ones and zeros
ones and tens
tens and zeros
none of the above
RAM is _____
permanent
temporary
long term
none of the above
a small point within an image that has been assigned a particular gray shade or brightness:
resolution point
photo spot
digital element
pixel
for digital imaging, each frame displayed consists of a discrete number of rows and columns of picture elements called the:
matrix
signal plate
detection array
display table
in digital imaging, the limiting factor in spatial resolution is the:
pixel pitch
pixel size
pixel depth
bit depth
the ability to distinguish between structures that attenuate the x-ray beam similarly is:
noise
contrast resolution
brightness
spatial resolution
the range of exposures over which a detector can acquire image data is called:
spatial resolution
contrast
spatial frequency
dynamic range
the range of exposures that produce acceptable information to be used in image formation is called:
exposure latitude
dynamic range
exposure range
none of the above
the process of shifting the values of the raw data in a histogram to match the average brightness and scale of contrast for the study performed is called:
histogram analysis
rescaling
look-up-table
edge enhancement
the window level controls image:
contrast
resolution
speed
brightness
the window width controls image:
contrast
speed
darkness
resolution
the purpose of a look-up-table is to:
apply a predetermined scale of contrast to the digital data set
determine the exposure inex
create the histogram
perform geometric processing in order to reorient the image on display
how much of an x-ray tube's incoming energy is converted into heat?
50%
60%
75%
99%
the process of electrons being emitted from heated metallic surfaces is:
thermionic emission
annihilation reacion
space charge effect
none of the above
which devices open a circuit to prevent damage from power surges or circuit overload?
circuit breakes
fuses
rectifiers
A and B
a current of 4 amperes and a resistance of 20 ohms requires what voltage in a series circuit?
5 v
80 v
2 v
none of the above
