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WorksheetsUnit 4.1 Urinary System Review
Total questions: 66
Worksheet time: 1hrs 6mins
What is the main function of the urinary system?
To maintain the volume and composition of body fluids within normal limits.
Regulating the concentrations of various electrolytes in the body fluids
Maintaining normal pH in the blood
Controlling red blood cell production
How do kidneys regulate fluid levels?
by secreting the hormone erythropoietin
by secreting the enzyme renin
by filtering waste products from the blood
by regulating the amount of water that is excreted in the urine
Which organs make up the urinary system?
gallbladder, liver, and pancreas
kidney, ureter, urethra, bladder
kidney, ureter, bladder, rectum
stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum
What is the function of the ureters?
Formation of the urine
Carrying urine away from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
Acting as a temporary reservoir for the urine
Carrying urine away from the urinary bladder to the outside
What is the function of the bladder?
Formation of the urine
Carrying urine away from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
Acting as a temporary reservoir for the urine
Carrying urine away from the urinary bladder to the outside
What is the function of the urethra?
Formation of the urine
Carrying urine away from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
Acting as a temporary reservoir for the urine
Carrying urine away from the urinary bladder to the outside
Which organ is represented by label A?
Kidney
Ureter
Bladder
Urethra
Which organ is represented by label B?
Kidney
Ureter
Bladder
Urethra
Which organ is represented by label C?
Kidney
Ureter
Bladder
Urethra
Which organ is represented by label D?
Kidney
Ureter
Bladder
Urethra
What is the outermost region of the kidney called?
medulla
cortex
pelvis
ureter
What is the inner region of the kidney called? Nephrons can be found within this region.
medulla
cortex
pelvis
ureter
The letter "C" points to:
renal capsule
medullary pyramid
ureter
renal pelvis
Urine exits the kidney from which structure?
D
E
C
F
A nephron is...
an enzyme that breaks down ammonia into urea
the structural and functional unit of the kidney
the innermost region of the kidney
a series of collection ducts and tubes that filters macromolecules out of food materials
Which three terms describe the processes which occur so that the nephron can regulate the concentration of water and soluble substances to form urine?
filtration, reabsorption and secretion
emulsification, reabsorption, and secretion
chemical digestion, mechanical digestion and secretion
filtration, absorption, and secretion
Which of the following materials is NOT typical to find in urine in large volumes?
creatinine
urea
uric acid
proteins
Which of the following materials could indicate an individual has diabetes if there is a large concentration of this substance found in the urine?
red blood cells
white blood cells
glucose
creatinine
This disease or disorder occurs when bacteria enters the urinary tract and can affect the urethra, bladder or even the kidneys.
Incontinence
Interstitial cystiti
Urinary tract infections
Prostatitis
In which structure of the kidney does filtration occur?
Glomerulus
Distal tubule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
What is the letter A identifying?
Glomerulus
Bowman's capsule
Renal artery
Renal vein
Collecting duct
What is the letter K identifying?
Renal artery
Distal convoluted tubule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Collecting duct
What is the letter E identifying?
Renal artery
Renal vein
Capillaries
Loop of Henle
Glomerulus
What is the letter F identifying?
Distal convoluted tubule
Renal vein
Capillaries
Loop of Henle
Glomerulus
How many nephrons are shown in this diagram?
1
2
3
4
The process of __________ moves substances from the filtrate to the blood.
Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion
Excretion
What letter is identifying the site of filtration?
A
H
M
K
J
The tough connective tissue that surrounds the outside of the kidney is called the
renal capsule
renal cortex
renal medulla
major calyx
minor calyx
These make up the renal medulla.
renal capsule
renal cortex
renal medulla
renal pyramids
major calyx
the plasma is filtered in the renal corpuscle
tubular secretion
glomerular filtration
tubular reabsorption
none of the above
returns most of the water to the blood
tubular reabsorption
glomerular filtration
tubular secretion
none of the above
Name Structure B
Bowmans Capsule
Loop of Henle
proximal Convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Filtration occurs
from the Glomerulus to the Bowman's capusle
from the Bowman's capsule to the Glomerulus
From the tubules to the capillaries
From the capillaries to the tubules
Reabsorption occurs
from the Glomerulus to the Bowman's capusle
from the Bowman's capsule to the Glomerulus
From the tubules to the capillaries
From the capillaries to the tubules
In reabsorption
Water and useful solutes return into the bloodstream
Waste products pass to the tubules
Waste product return into the bloodstream
Water and useful solutes return into the tubules
What is the cause of polycystic kidney disease?
Bacterial overgrowth
Virus infection
Environmental factors
Mutations in the PKD1 or PKD2 genes
What are the common symptoms of PKD?
High blood pressure, back or side pain, headaches, blood in the urine, frequent urination, kidney stones, kidney failure
Stomach pain, blurred vision, joint pain
Weight loss, muscle weakness, insomnia
Coughing, fever, sore throat
How is polycystic kidney disease diagnosed?
Urine color examination
Blood type analysis
Temperature measurement
Medical history, physical examination, imaging tests, genetic testing
What complications can arise from polycystic kidney disease?
Joint pain, vision problems, hearing loss
Low blood pressure, liver failure, lung cysts
Heart disease, brain tumors, skin infections
High blood pressure, kidney failure, cysts on other organs, kidney stones, urinary tract infections, aneurysms
Is PKD more common in males or females?
males
both
females
children
Can PKD be passed down through generations?
No
Maybe
Rarely
Yes
What imaging tests are used to diagnose PKD?
PET scan
Ultrasound, CT scan, MRI
Echocardiogram
X-ray
What lifestyle changes can help manage PKD?
Eating high-sodium foods
Engaging in extreme physical activities
Maintain a healthy diet, stay hydrated, avoid smoking and excessive alcohol, manage blood pressure, stay physically active
Avoiding sunlight exposure
What is the role of genetics counseling in PKD?
Genetics counseling in PKD focuses on dietary recommendations only
Genetics counseling in PKD guarantees a cure for the disease
Genetics counseling in PKD provides treatment for the disease
Genetics counseling in PKD helps individuals and families understand the genetic aspects of the disease, assess the risk of inheritance, and make informed decisions about family planning and medical management.
What is the difference between autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive PKD?
The main difference is the number of gene copies involved in causing the disease: one copy for autosomal dominant PKD and two copies for autosomal recessive PKD.
The difference lies in the severity of symptoms: autosomal dominant PKD is more severe than autosomal recessive PKD.
Autosomal dominant PKD affects only males, while autosomal recessive PKD affects only females.
Autosomal dominant PKD is caused by environmental factors, while autosomal recessive PKD is purely genetic.
How does PKD affect kidney function over time?
PKD leads to the growth of healthy kidney tissue
PKD affects kidney function over time by causing the formation of cysts that replace normal kidney tissue, leading to a decline in kidney function.
PKD affects kidney function by improving overall kidney health
PKD has no impact on kidney function over time
What are the dietary recommendations for individuals with PKD?
High-protein diet
Avoid drinking water
Low-sodium, low-protein diet, stay hydrated, avoid high potassium and phosphorus foods
High-sodium diet
What is the significance of kidney size in diagnosing PKD?
Kidneys with irregular shape due to infection
Enlarged kidneys due to multiple cysts formation
Shrunken kidneys due to excessive scarring
Normal kidney size with no cysts
How does PKD impact other organs in the body?
PKD leads to improved organ function
PKD only affects the kidneys
PKD has no impact on other organs
Complications such as high blood pressure, kidney stones, liver cysts, brain aneurysms, and heart valve abnormalities.
What is the prognosis for individuals with PKD?
Prognosis varies depending on the severity of the condition, but early detection and management can help improve outcomes.
PKD has a 100% survival rate
PKD is always fatal within a year of diagnosis
PKD can be cured with over-the-counter medications
What are the risk factors for developing PKD?
Family history, age (30-59), high blood pressure
Smoking, gender (male), low cholesterol levels
What is Chronic Kidney Disease?
Inability of kidneys to filter blood
Inability of kidneys to filter urine
Inability of blood to circulate through the kidneys
What is a sign of CKD?
Less urination
Dehydration
Swollen feet and ankles
What is the BEST treatment option for CKD?
Hemodialysis
Kidney Transplant
Peritoneal Dialysis
What are examples of kidney problems that correlate with abnormalities in the urine?
congestive heart failure
injury to glomerulus or tubules from heavy metals and drugs, and viral infections
diabetes, hypertension, and kidney stones
all of the above
What three elements does urinalysis consist of?
Collection, analysis, disposal
Cup, wipe, test tube
macroscopic examination, chemical analysis, microscopic examination
water, blood, urine
What are the colors of abnormal urine?
colorless
dark yellow
red, green, brown or black
all of the above
What does abnormal clarity of urine look like?
turbid
hazey
cloudy
all of the above
What does the Ph tell you?
it there is oxygen in the urine
if the urine is acidic,basic or neutral
if the patient has an infection
if the patient has been using narcotics
The normal pH for urine ranges from what to what
4.6 to 8.0
3.9 to 10.0
-4.0 to 4.0
1.2 to 11.0
What does specific gravity tell you?
the concentration of particles in the urine
evaluates the body's water balance
the Ph of the persons
evaluates the function of the thyroid
options I & II
What does glucose chemical analysis test tell you?
the amount of ketones in the sample
the amount of salt in the sample
the amount of sugar in the sample
the overall health of the person
What is not found is normal urine?
red blood cells
whater
Ph
glucose
Blood in the urine is referred to as:
Hematuria
Glycosuria
Polyuria
Nocturia
Urinary incontinence refers to:
Overactive bladder
Inability to empty bladder completely
Peeing some each time you cough, sneeze, or laugh
Bedwetting
What condition is indicated by red urine?
Presence of bile
Lower specific gravity
Hematuria
Higher specific gravity
