WorksheetsGeography Chp. 14 & 15
Total questions: 70
Worksheet time: 40mins
The science that specifically studies the origin, evolution, form, and spatial distribution of landforms is
geology
geography
geomorphology
environmental chemistry
All processes that cause reduction and rearrangement of landforms are included in the term of
mass movement
erosion
weathering
denudation
The form that a landscape exhibits results from a balance between
forces acting on the landscape
endogenic and exogenic processes
input and outputs of matter and energy
all of the above
The dynamic equilibrium model refers to
a balancing act between tectonic uplift and rates of denudation by weathering and erosion in a given landscape
a theory involving the cyclic or evolutionary development of a landscape
a sequential development of landforms
an important concept first started by Alfred Wegener
In reality, a landscape behaves as a(an) (a) system
Uplift of the landscape creates ____ energy which is converted to ____ energy when materials begin to move downslope
kinetic; potential
potential; kinetic
potential; chemical
kinetic; chemical
After a threshold is crossed, the landscape
remains unstable thereafter
adjust to a new equilibrium condition
looks identical to the landscape that existed prior to the crossing of the threshold
any of the above are equally likely to occur
(a) threshold is the point at which there is enough energy to overcome resistance against movements
Movement at the geomorphic threshold signals
a conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy
a conversion of kinetic energy to chemical energy
a frictional resistance overcoming the degree of cohesion
a lack of change
A slope is stable if its strength exceeds the weathering and erosion process
True
False
On which part of a slope would rocks tend to fall at the highest speed
concave slope
convex slope
debris slope
free face
The disintegration and dissolving of surface and subsurface rock is called
erosion
mass movement
landmass denudation
weathering
Which of the following is true of joints
Joints are small, localized fault planes along which movements occur
Joints enable more water to move through the ground
Joints enhance the rate of weathering
Only B and C are true
Physical weathering dominates in warm and wet climates
True
False
Chemical weathering is the greatest under conditions of
higher mean annual rainfall and temperature
low mean annual rainfall and temperature
temperatures below freezing
rainfall of less than 25cm per year
In which climates would rock be weathered to the greatest depth
cold and wet
cold and dry
hot and wet
hot and dry
The rate at which rocks weathering depends on
the climate of an area
the type of rock
the amount of vegetation in the area
all of the above
Other than the rock itself, the most important chemical substance needed for the majority of weathering processes is
oxygen
nitrogen
water
carbon dioxide
In most areas, the upper surface of bedrock is partially weathered to broken-up rock called
parent rock
bedrock
sediment
regolith
When rock is broken and disintegrated without dissolving, the process in operation is
physical weathering
chemical weathering
hydrolysis
carbonation
List three forms of physical weathering ____, ____, and ____
(a)
The pressure-release jointing is a physical weathering process that does not always involve water
True
False
The salt crystal growth is primarily found in arid environments
True
False
Exfoliation occurs because
water combines with minerals and increases their size, thereby causing surrounding minerals pop out of the rock matrix
water freezes in joints and expands
overlaying rock is removed, thereby allowing the underlying rock mass to expand and fracture
all of the above are possible causes of exfoliation
Whic of the following is true of spheroidal weathering
it is a physical weathering process
it is a type of exfoliation associated with pressure release
it attacks the corners and edges of rocks
all of the above are true
An example of chemical weathering is
exfoliation
the breakdown of rocks by freezing and thawing
the wearing away of a stream bank by a river
karst topography
The steepness of a slope made of loose material is called the
height of the slope
angle of repose
mass movement gradient
the speed of the particles
The angle of repose depends on the size and texture of the grains
True
False
Landslides occur when
a threshold is reached
the internal friction is overcome by the force of gravity
driving forces exceed resisting forces
all of the above
List two forms of landslides ____ and ____
(a)
A landslide differs from a debris avalanche in that
the materials in a landslide are not saturated with water
the materials in debris avalanche are not saturated with water
a landslide moves more slowly than a debris avalanche
a landslide moves much more quickly than a debris avalanche
A slow persistent mass movement of surface soil is called
a debris avalanche
soil creep
a soil slide
a rock fall
Which of the following can lead to hillslope failure
making a road cut in the side of a hill
increasing the slope angle
excessively watering a slope
all of the above
Human-induced mass movements produce a category of processes known as
debris flows
denudation
scarification
translational slides
The two driving forces of fluvial system are ____ and ____
(a)
Of the worlds largest rivers, which has the greatest discharge
Congo River
Amazon River
Yangtze River
Missouri-Ohio-Mississippi River
Watersheds are defined by
drainage divides
stream orders
fluvial units
none of the above
Drainage density refers to
The thickness of the water in the stream
The number of channels in am area
Ratio of the total length of channels to the area of the basin
The arrangement of channels in a given area
Most streams flow into the ocean
True
False
Some streams do not reach the ocean. Water leaves the basin through evaporation or subsurface gravitational flow. Such basins are called (a) basins
(a) separate drainage basins and send flows to the Pacific, the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantics, Hudson Bay, or the Arctic Ocean
A watershed is an open system
True
False
Stream discharge is calculated by multiplying the velocity of the stream by its width and depth for a specific cross section of the channel
True
False
As the discharge of a stream increases, which of the following also happens
Stream channel narrow, become shallower, and lose velocity
The rate of flow decreases
Channel width increases but channel depth decreases
Width, depth, and velocity all increase
Which of the following unit is a correct unit for stream discharge
light-year
half-life
m3/s
kg/m3
cfs is a unit of stream discharge and stands for cubic feet per second
True
False
The relationship between stage and stream discharge is called (a) curve
A graph of stream discharge over time for a specific place called ____
hydrograph
hypsometry
water table
none of the above
The effect of urbanization on a typical stream hydrograph is to
create a base flow
increase lag time between storm peak and peak stream discharge
decrease runoff
decrease lag time between storm peak and peak stream discharge
Although Nile River is the second longest river on Earth, it is not the largest river in terms of discharge
True
False
River discharge usually increases downstream because the area being drained increases
True
False
Some streams may originate in a humid region and subsequently flow through an arid region. Thus, the discharge may decrease with distance, because of high potential evapotranspiration. Such streams are called (a) streams
The length of the individual channels in a dendritic drainage pattern is ________and this increases energy __________
minimized; efficiency
minimized; inefficiency
maximized; efficiency
maximized; inefficiency
Rectangular drainage patterns form primarily as a result of ____
differential resistance to erosion
domal uplift
flow through anticlinal and synclinal topography
flow through faulted landscape
Which of the following stream channel types is likely to develop on gently slopping surfaces composed of rocks or sediments with approximately the same resistance to erosion
radial
annular
deranged
dendritic
The valley and ridge province is characterized by which drainage pattern
dendritic
trellis
deranged
annular
Which drainage pattern is produced by folded topography
radial
dendritic
deranged
trellis
Steep slopes and some relief generally produce which drainage pattern
dendritic
deranged
parallel
annular
A central peak, such as volcanic mountain, generally produces a _________drainage pattern
radial
trellis
parallel
annular
The glacial shield regions of Canada have disrupted surface drainage patterns that are called _______patterns
erratic
parallel
annular
deranged
Stream transport involves all of the following except
saltation
suspension
traction
sheet flow
The suspended load of a stream consists of particles that are
rolled and bounced along the streambed
held aloft in the stream flow
dragged along the stream bed
dissolved in solution
As a stream velocity decreases, which of the following sizes of sediments will be deposited last
gravel
sand
silt
clay
Braided streams are characterized by
sediment deposition in the channel resulting in the formation of sand and gravel bars and numerous small channels
a heavy load in relation to discharge
server erosion of the channel bed
A and B only
A cutoff on meandering stream results in the formation of
an oxbow lake
a levee
a point bare
a terrace
Which of the following is true of the longitudinal profile of most rivers
It always changes at a constant rate from the headwater region to the sea
It is convex in shape
It is conclave in shape
It is gentle upstream and steep downstream
An interruption in a stream’s longitudinal profile of equilibrium is called
(a)
Which of the following will favor stream terrace formation
A large increase in sediment load
Tectonic uplift of the headwaters
A rise in sea level
A decrease in rainfall
Which of the following does not favor delta formation
Strong ocean currents
Shallow ocean water along the coast
A laco of reservoirs upstream
Amlarge sediment load
Since the Amazon River is the largest river in terms of discharge, it also produces a large delta at its mouth
True
False
