Because of the fear of the recurrence of lack of cooperation among nation-states after WW I and II, political instability and economic turmoil, reduction of barriers to trade and free flow of money among nations became the focus to restructure the world economy and ensure global financial stability.

The expression of currency in terms of gold or gold value to establish a ________.

One of the systems born out of Bretton Woods was the ______ that was established in
1947. It focused on trade goods through
multinational trade agreements conducted in many “rounds” of
negotiation.

___________ is an independent multilateral organization that became responsible for trade in services, non-tariff related barriers to trade, and other broader areas of trade liberalization.

The ____’s main goal was to help countries which were in trouble at that time and who could not obtain money by any means. _____ served as a lender or a last resort for countries which needed financial assistance.

__________ had a more long-term approach, its main goals revolved around the eradication of poverty and it funded specific projects that helped them reach their goals, especially in poor countries.

__________ It is highly influential, despite the group having little formal power. This emanates from the member countries’ resources and economic power.

__________ was formed because member countries wanted to increase the price of oil, which in the past had a relatively low price and had failed in keeping up with inflation.

is made up of 28 member states. Most members in the
Eurozone adopted the euro as basic currency but some Western European nations
like Great Britain, Sweden and Denmark did not.

is a trade pact between the
Unites States, Mexico and Canada created on January 1, 1994 when Mexico
joined the two nations.

is an intergovernmental political forum
consisting of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United
Kingdom and the United States;

is a grouping of the world economies
of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa formed by the 2010
addition of South Africa to the predecessor ________.

The first big economic change, people learned how to
domesticate plants and animals,
they realized that it was much
more productive than hunter-
gatherer societies.

With the rise of industry came new economic tools, like steam
engines, manufacturing and mass production. Factories popped up
and changed how work functioned.

a system in which all
natural resources and means of production are privately owned. It
emphasized profit maximization and competition as the main
drivers of efficiency.

From the idea of______in the 1770s, that if one
leaves a capitalist economy alone, consumers will regulate things
themselves by selecting goods and services that provide the best
value.

emphasizes collective goals, expecting
everyone to work for the common good and placing a higher value
on meeting everyone’s basic needs than on individual profit.

first wrote about socialism, he viewed it as a
stepping stone toward communism, a political and economic
system in which all members of a society are socially equal. In
practice, this has not played out in countries that have modeled
their economies on socialism like Cuba, North Korea, China and the
USSR.

Technology has reduced the role of human labor and shifted it
from a manufacturing-based economy to one that is based on
service work and the production of ideas rather than goods.

includes jobs that provide many benefits to
workers, like high incomes, job security, health insurance, and
retirement packages.

provide fewer
benefits and include lower-skilled jobs and lower-level service
sectors jobs. They tend to pay less, have more unpredictable
schedules, and typically do not offer benefits like health insurance.

defined as
organizations that exist as legal entities and have
liabilities that are separate from its members. They are
their own thing.

The increase in international trade has
both created and been supported by
international regulatory groups, like
WTO, and transnational trade
agreements, like NAFTA.

is borderless, as it does not consider any
particular country as its base, home or headquarters.

These companies that extend beyond borders of one country are called __________. They are also
referred to as global corporations. ______ as an international
identity as belonging to a particular home country where they
are headquartered.

Amnesty International, are significant organizations that put
into question the strength of national autonomy and global politics.

ike Al-Qaeda, ISIS, and
terrorist organizations, which seek power try to depose a
government and replace system with their own ideological belief.

-The declining power of nation-states.

-The vast flows of all sorts of things that run and often right
through the borders of nation-states.

-Mass migration of people and their entry, often illegally, into
various nation-states.

-The horrendous events within nation-states that the states
themselves either foment and carry out, or are unable to control.

-Global financial crises and panic that sweep the world
periodically, which nations are often unable to deal with on their
own.

External intervention like invasion by other countries could be a
challenge to a sovereign state.

_______ demands the states to conform to the rules of free-
market capitalism.

__________ economies requires a state to cooperate in the global
market through free flow of capital, the privatization of services,
and fiscal austerity or constraint.

________ are movements of people that are spontaneous
or that emerge through enormous grassroots organization.

is a distinctive political
community with its own set of
rules and practices and that is
more or less separate from other
communities.

argued that “the role of the state is enduring – and
even increasing – in advanced industrial societies”.

terrorism; economic globalization, threats to national identity and spread of global diseases

is one of the leading political
organizations in the world where nation-states meet
and deliberate.

United Nations functions in four
areas

The term UN was coined by _______ in
1942.

this group of countries
decides what to do when two or more countries are
waging war or are on the verge of fighting.

five
permanent members of the UN Security Council

its primary
goal is to help children around the world. They collect
funds to distribute emergency relief from famine and
poverty and disease.

cover a
range of concerns for the improvement of all aspects of life.

Environmental issues, such as pollution and hazardous
wastes, are addressed through

t took efforts in order to mitigate climate
change.

located in the
Hague, Netherlands where countries can settle disputes in a court
of law, as well as a place where war criminals and rulers can be put
to trial for their crimes.

Since 1948,
human rights have been brought into the realm of international
law.

A variety of of UN-sponsored human rights treaties and agreements
have been done for human protection.

This treaty
and international organization is
based on the idea of collective
security.

________ like Red Cross were
organized to help countries in dire needs of support for
emergency relief such as food, water, and medical supplies
especially for those homes or towns that have been
destroyed by disaster or war.

Since the world is connected because of globalization, it continues to intensify connections between people in different places. his technological paradigm, associated with computer science and modern telecommunication, that replaces industrialism is called _________

the importance lies in
the medium, the way in which the message
is transmitted, not necessary in the content
presented through the medium.

the
sophistication and ubiquity of
spectacular visual in televisions.
This made TV news a form of
entertainment.

Citizenship is associated with rights and obligations, for instance, the right to vote and the obligation to pay taxes.

"as a moral and ethical disposition that can guide the understanding of individuals or groups of local and global contexts, and remind them of their relative responsibilities within various communities”.

involves the systematic government intervention in foreign trade through tariffs and non-tariffs barriers in order to encourage domestic producers and deter their foreign competitors

aims at a more moral and equitable global economic system
in which, for instance, price is not set by the market; instead, it is
negotiated transparently by both producers and consumers.

Increased transparency has been aided by various mechanisms
such as transnational justice systems, international tribunals,
civil society, and particularly the _______

is centered on addressing
the lack of democracy in economic and political affairs
(Fisher & Ponniah, 2003).

which is based on the
“cultural logic of networking” (Juris, 2005) and “virtual
movements”, such as Global Huaren.