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WorksheetsPharmacology Fall Semester Exam Review
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 50mins
The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 established which agency?
NDC
DEA
FDA
USP
Each drug is given a ___________ number to identify the manufacturer, the drug, and the package size.
FDA
USP
DEA
NDC
Drug standards regulate which factors in drug preparation?
strength, quality, purity
fillers, color, taste
color, taste, quality
quality, fillers, taste
The Pure Food and Drug Act
requires warning labels on certain medications
sets limitations on prescription use
establishes consumer protection
was passed in 1976
The Food and Drug Administration regulates
prescriber registration
creation of drug schedules
prescription labeling
establishment of drug regulations
Controlled substances include
Digoxin and Tylenol
Benadryl and Cardizem
Ampicillin and Ibuprofen
Valium and Marijuana
What was the USP/NF (U.S. Pharmacopeia/National Formulary) established to do?
Provide a reference for all officially approved medications
Legalize the manufacture of medications
Give the public the information needed to safely make their own drugs
Help providers make clinical judgement
Controlled drugs
are listed by schedule
have no limitations on refills
do not cause dependence
are available over the counter
A good source of drug information is
news magazines
your colleagues
social networks
PDR
Why is Tall Man Lettering used?
It looks appealing to customers.
It highlights differences in sound-alike medications.
It adds confusion.
It helps patients spell the drug names.
The generic name of a drug is
assigned by the drug company
written in capital letters
the common name
the same as the trade name is a common name
The term OTC refers to drugs that
are often controlled
require a prescription
are sold over the counter
are officially certified
Two conditions commonly listed as contraindications for drug administration are
obesity and glaucoma
hypersensitivity and pregnancy
psychosis and seizures
glaucoma and anemia
Before giving a new drug, you must know
its absorption rate
the distribution process it will follow
its excretion rate
its indication for use and side effects
An antibiotic with photosensitivity listed as a side effect could cause
deafness
sunburn
blindness
kidney damage
The initial high dose to quickly elevate drug levels is the
loading dose
maintenance dose
maximum dose
therapeutic dose
Which route is used when only a local effect is desired?
injection
transdermal
oral
otic
An accumulation of a normal drug dosage can best be explained by what pharmacokinetic change?
increase in metabolism
increase in excretion
decrease in metabolism
decrease in absorption
Which of the following describes the study of what a patient experiences after taking a drug, including the intended therapeutics effects, unintended therapeutics effects, or unintended side effects?
Pharmacotherapeutics
Pharmacodynamics
Pharmaceutics
Pharmacokinetics
Patient characteristics affect the processing of drugs in the body. Two of these characteristics are
hair color and gender
skin color and mental status
ethnicity and age
weight and age
Drug toxicity from cumulative effects may result from
intracranial pressure
glaucoma
kidney malfunction
high blood pressure
Idiosyncrasy means
an opposite effect from that expected
an allergic response to a drug
a unique, unusual, and unexpected response to a drug
having an effect from a drug as the result of suggestion
The route of administration most often used is
topical
sublingual
injection
oral
Which of the following routes has the slowest absorption?
intradermal
intramuscular
subcutaneous
intravenous
What is the term for a drug form that comes in many types, shapes, and colors and is a compressed disk of drug?
Lozenge
Syrup
Tablet
Enteric-coated tablet
A form of parenteral administration is
nasogastric tube
injection
oral
rectal
A type of medication that can be crushed and mixed with food to facilitate administration is
time-release capsule
lozenge
scored tablet
enteric-coated tablet
Which angle is used to administer an intramuscular injection?
90 degrees
45 degrees
15 degrees
10 degrees
Topical administration includes which of the following?
nebulizer
cream
sublingual
inhalation
The most rapid form of administration is
PO
IV
IM
subcut
The least accurate system for measuring medication is
metric
apothecary
household
standard
The most frequently used system for measuring medicine is
apothecary
metric
household
standard
Medication orders must contain
patient’s address
alternate drugs
physician’s address
drug name, dosage, and route
The prescription blank for a controlled substance must contain
name of the drug company
physician’s DEA number
physician’s address
lot number of the drug
Which is the correct conversion for 75 kg?
150 pounds
34 pounds
165 pounds
37.5 pounds
The least accurate type of equipment for measuring medicine is a
medicine cup
calibrated utensil
tablespoon
Syringe
What is the first step in dosage calculation?
Write the problem in equation form.
Determine whether an easier dosage is possible.
Check to see whether all the units are in the same system of measurement.
Identify the age of the patient to make pediatric adjustments if needed.
What should you remember when calculating dosages?
Close enough is good enough if there is no alternative.
Using good judgment is important if you must make substitutions.
There is no acceptable margin of error in medication dosage calculation and administration.
The math involved is complex and requires a high level of aptitude.
A trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole suspension contains 40 mg/5 mL. The order is for 120 mg. If you use the ratio and proportion method, how should the formula be set up?
120 mg : 40 mg = 5 mL : X mL.
40 mg : X mL = 120 mg : 5 mL
5 mL : 120 mg : 40 mg : X mL.
40 mg : 5 mL = 120 mg : X mL
What should you remember about calculating dosages for children?
The physiology of children is virtually the same as that of adults.
You can typically give half of the adult dose safely.
Children are essentially miniature adults.
The pediatric dosages in drug inserts are a good resource.
Evaluation of the appropriateness of dosages for elderly persons should ____.
reflect reimbursement requirements
be based on the clinician's experience
rely on the information on the drug insert
be done on an individual basis
The order is for Darvon 130 mg q6h prn pain. The bottle containing Darvon capsules is labeled 65 mg/capsule. How many capsules per dose?
1 cap
6 caps
2 caps.
3 caps
Which of the following can lead to serious cumulative effects in older adults?
Slower metabolism
Faster circulation
Better nutrition
Better digestion
Responsibilities of the health care professional in drug administration include
assessing and evaluating patients
checking the order for accuracy
reporting adverse patient outcomes
all the above
Which of the following is a requirement for safe and accurate administration of medications?
Knowing the least expensive pharmacy from which the medication may be purchased
Recognizing the medication by color
Having adequate, up-to-date information, including purpose and potential side effects
Recognizing the medication by shape
After administering medication, you should
inform the patient’s family
document drugs administered
complete additional treatments ordered
administer drugs to the next patient
The most helpful patient information to know when administering medication is
patient’s residence
patient’s disabilities
patient’s health history, including allergies
patient’s occupation
If a medication error is made, once the patient is cared for you should
immediately report the error to the physician
file an incident report
note the error on the patient record
apologize to the patient
Before giving any medicine, it is essential to review the Rights of Medication Administration, including
right medication and right amount
right physician and DEA number
right drug company
right drug lot
Documentation of a controlled drug given PRN for pain requires
review of pharmacy delivery record
re-evaluation of effectiveness
note of the trade name
review of the physician’s comments
Administration by the gastrointestinal route includes which of the following?
PEG tube
oral inhaler
transdermal patch
eye drops
An advantage of the oral route over other routes is that it
absorbs the most quickly
is the best route to treat emergencies
is economical, with few equipment costs
can be used for all patients all the time
If a medication is ordered PO and the patient is NPO, you should
give the medication by injection
give the medication rectally
omit the medication and note on the chart
consult the person in charge
Which of these refers to difficulty swallowing?
Dysphagia
Retention enema
NG tube
Aspiration
Oral medications are usually best administered with
fruit juice
milk
water
hot tea
When preparing the proper dosage of cough syrup, you should
shake the bottle
dilute with liquid
hold the bottle with the label side down
hold the medicine cup at eye level
When administering a rectal suppository, you should
assist the patient to self-administer
provide privacy and use disposable gloves
turn the patient onto the right side
warm the suppository under warm water
The parenteral route least likely to be used for systemic effects is
transdermal
topical
sublingual
inhalation
The route with the slowest action is
transcutaneous
inhalation
sublingual
injection
After instilling eye drops, you should
rub the eyelid vigorously
press on the inner canthus
close the eyelid quickly
discard the eyedropper
Which of the following is not true for intramuscular injections?
pinch the skin
administer at a 45-degree angle of needle
use a 16-inch needle for most patients
always administer Z-track for medications that are irritating to tissue
Which of the following IM injection sites is most commonly used for immunizations?
dorso gluteal
vastus lateralis
ventrogluteal
deltoid
Which of the following is the IV route used for?
correct body fluid imbalances
administer blood
administer medications
all of the above
How many types of IV administration are there?
one
two
three
four
A self-administered inhalational device that utilizes a propellant to deliver the medication is a(an)
DPI
SVN
MDI
PEG
If a 2-year-old accidentally swallows several children’s aspirin tablets, you should
administer ipecac
give activated charcoal
call Poison Control
give 8 oz of milk
If there is doubt about the type of poison ingested by an individual, toxicology tests will be done on body fluids, including
tears and saliva
blood and urine
stool and emesis
emesis and tears
The groups at greatest risk of accidental poisoning are
young children and older adults
adolescents and healthy adults
healthy adults and adults with disabilities
adolescents and dementia patients
Which substance minimizes systemic absorption of ingested poison?
Antidote
Antivenom
Emetic
Activated charcoal
What is the number for Poison Control in the United States?
1-800-222-1222
1-800-866-9666
1-800-867-5309
1-800-111-1111
In case of suspected poisoning, the best policy is to _____.
induce vomiting
transport the patient to a licensed health care provider
contact the Poison Control Center directly
wait until the patient exhibits signs of poisoning
Prevention is the key to preventing harm and death from poisoning. Key to prevention is
legislation
oversight
regulation
public education
Vitamin C aids in the absorption of
protein
iron
fat
Zinc
Antioxidants
are safe to take in megadoses
consist of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats
are found only in synthetic products
fight against the destructive effects of free radicals
Signs of a vitamin A deficiency may include which of the following?
watery eyes
night blindness
weight gain
accelerated growth
Which of the following herbs can interact with anticoagulants to cause bleeding?
cranberry and milk thistle
garlic and ginkgo
saw palmetto and glucosamine
ginseng and echinacea
Identify the vitamin synthesized in the body through the action of sunlight on the skin and found in fortified food products.
A
B-complex
C
D
Which vitamin is necessary for metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, protein, and amino acids?
A
B₆
C
D
What is one side effect of taking an iron preparation?
blood-tinged stools
brown stools
white stools
black stools
Which side effect may occur after prolonged use of a corticosteroid cream?
hyperglycemia
epidermal thinning with frequent skin tears
immunodeficiency disorders
systemic viral infection
Which type of preparation is used topically to soothe the skin and seal out wetness from diaper rash?
keratolytics
antipruritics
protectants
Enzymatics
Contraindications and precautions for the use of isotretinoins include which of the following?
Type 4 acne
Children under age 6 years
Use of birth control pills
Absolute contraindication in pregnancy
What are keratolytic agents used for?
Loosening epithelial scales
Protecting or soothing minor dermatological conditions
Killing bacteria
Promoting removal of necrotic tissue
Antiseptics are substances that perform which of the following actions?
They inhibit the growth of bacteria
They assist with the chemical debridement of tissue
They enhance the growth of healthy skin flora
They inhibit the replication of a virus
What is an antipruritic?
Substance used to treat dermatological disorders associated with allergic reactions
Substance used to treat viral conditions
Substance used to control conditions caused by fungi
Substance used to relieve itching
A common topical antifungal medication used for athlete’s foot would be
clotrimazole
betamethasone
mupirocin
povidone–iodine
Which of the following is an adrenergic property?
Peripheral vasoconstriction
Increasing blood pressure
Increased secretion
Capillary constriction
Which of the following are indications for adrenergic blockers?
Restoration of cardiac rhythm and dilation of bronchioles
Treatment of hypertension, cardiac arrhythmia, and angina pectoris
Treatment of nonobstructive urinary retention and open-angle glaucoma
Cholinergic crisis and treatment of bronchospasm
Which of the following are actions of cholinergics?
Increased blood pressure, pulse, and respirations, and dilated bronchioles and pupils
Decreased blood pressure and pulse
Increased peristalsis and bladder contractions, decreased respiratory rate, constricted pupils, and decreased intraocular pressure
Drying of secretions, decreased motility of the GI and GU systems, dilated pupils, and increased heart rate
Drugs that mimic the action of the sympathetic nervous system are known as
adrenergics
cardiogenics
adrenergic blockers
cholinergics
You are incredibly excited about an upcoming trip to Asia but are dreading the lengthy flight because you suffer from terrible motion sickness. A friend suggests that you "get the patch" to prevent motion sickness. What category of drug is likely to be in the patch?
Cholinergic
Anticholinergic
Adrenergic blocker
Adrenergic
Adrenergics should be used with caution in patients with
hypotension
angina
asthma
diabetes
Cholinergic blockers would most likely cause which of the following side effects?
hypotension
photosensitivity
dry mouth and constipation
enhanced vision
Which of the following is critical to monitor prior to administering digoxin?
blood pressure
radial pulse rate
apical heart rate
respiratory rate
Digoxin taken in conjunction with what type of medications can increase the chance of arrhythmias?
antacids
macrolides
benzodiazepines
diuretics
Which antiarrhythmic may cause tachycardia?
procainamide
adenosine
verapamil
metoprolol
Which medication could be used to replace an ACE inhibitor when a patient has problems with a dry cough as a side effect?
losartan
metoprolol
digoxin
atorvastatin
The most effective and most commonly used antilipemic medications are called
bile acid sequestrants
statins
nicotinic acids
fibrates
Warfarin is monitored with what laboratory method?
complete blood work with differential
LH levels
TSH levels
INR
Clopidogrel should not be taken with which of the following medications?
OTC Zantac
OTC aspirin
OTC Prilosec
OTC Pepcid
