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2025 AP Biology Midterm Review

Total questions: 60

Worksheet time: 1hrs 9mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Large bodies of water, such as lakes and oceans, do not quickly fluctuate in temperature. What is the reason for this phenomenon?
a)
Water is an acid.
b)
Water is a versatile solvent.
c)
Water has a high heat capacity.
d)
 Water acts as a buffer.
2.
Why does ice stay at the top of oceans instead of sinking to the bottom?
a)
 Ice is colder than liquid water.
b)
Ice is less dense than liquid water.
c)
Ice is more dense than liquid water.
d)
Ice is warmer than liquid water.
3.
A florist places a bouquet of white carnations in water containing blue dye. After a time, the flowers turn blue. What process helped the carnations to change color?
a)
Specific heat 
b)
Surface tension
c)
Cohesion and adhesion of water molecules 
d)
Formation of covalent bonds between hydrogen and oxygen molecules
4.
Attractions between the negative Oxygen atom of one water molecule and the positive Hydrogen atom of another water molecule are called
a)
Covalent bonds
b)
Ionic bonds
c)
Polar bonds
d)
Hydrogen bonds
5.

monosaccharides, fatty acid and glycerol, amino acids, and nucleotides are examples of _____________.

a)

Elements

b)

Compounds

c)

Macromolecules

d)

Monomers

6.
What elements are common to all 4 biomolecules?
a)
Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen
b)
Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus
c)
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
d)
Carbon, Hydrogen, Phosphorus
7.

What macromolecule is shown above?

a)

Carbohydrate

b)

Lipid

c)

Protein

d)

Nucleic Acid

8.

Which biomolecule is this a picture of?

a)

Protein

b)

Nucleic Acid

c)

Lipid

d)

Carbohydrate

9.

​​​Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the chemical reaction illustrated in Figure 5.5?

a)

It is a hydrolysis reaction.

b)

It is a hydrolysis reaction and it results in a peptide bond.

c)

It results in a dehydration reaction that is breaking the two amino acids apart.

d)

It is a dehydration reaction that is joining two amino acids together.

10.

Which macromolecule(s) have sulfur?

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Proteins

c)

Nucleic Acids

d)

Fats

11.
The two types of folding in the secondary structure are.....
a)
alpha-helix & beta-pleated sheets
b)
polypeptide & nucleotide
c)
globular & fibrous
12.

A scientist grew Chlorella, a single-celled photosynthetic algae, for three weeks in a laboratory culture. The culture medium contained dissolved carbon and other nutrients.


Scientists measured the beginning and the end of the three week period. Based on the results of the graph which nutriets were absent from the culture medium?

a)

phosphorus

b)

nitrogen

c)

oxygen

d)

sulfur

13.
A phospholipid has 2 parts. What are they called? 
a)
Hydrophilic Head, Hydrophobic Tail 
b)
Hydrophobic Head, Hydrophilic Tail 
14.
___________ have 2 functions in the cell membrane.
1.) They act like gatekeepers, only let certain things in. 
2.) Enzyme receptors embedded in the membrane.
a)
Carbohydrates 
b)
Proteins 
c)
Phospholipids 
d)
Cholesterol
15.
This picture represents which type of cellular transport?
a)
passive transport
b)
endocytosis
c)
exocytosis
d)
osmosis
16.
A cell in a hypotonic solution will
a)
swell
b)
shrink 
c)
stay the same size
d)
impossible to tell
17.
Hydrophobic region of the cell membrane?
a)
E
b)
B
c)
C
d)
A 
18.
_______________  requires energy in the form of ATP
a)
Osmosis
b)
Active transport
c)
Facilitated diffusion
d)
Passive transport
19.

Your gums are swollen. How will rinsing with warm salt water help the swelling?

a)

swollen gums will absorb the salt

b)

salt lowers the temp

c)

salt goes against the concentration gradient

d)

water in the gums will diffuse out of the cells

20.
Using this image, what organelle is C?
a)
Cell Wall
b)
Mitochondria
c)
Large Cell Vacuole
d)
Chloroplast
21.
I am a protein packaging and shipping machine! Who am I?
a)
vacuole
b)
ribosome
c)
endoplasmic reticulum
d)
golgi apparatus
22.

Which of the following cells is most efficient?

Note:  SA = surface area   V = volume

a)

SA: 4  V: 1

b)

SA: 3  V: 2

c)

SA: 2  V: 3

d)

SA: 1  V: 4

23.

Why is the inner membrane of the mitochondria highly folded?

a)

Increase volume of mitochondria

b)

Increase in surface area for oxidative phosphorylation

c)

Decrease volume of mitochondria

d)

Decrease in surface area for oxidative phosphorylation

24.

Pathway to exocytosis

a)

Rough ER → Golgi → Membrane

b)

Rough ER → Lysosome → Membrane

c)

Smooth ER → Golgi → Membrane

d)

Smooth ER → Lysosome → Membrane

25.

If the intracellular concentration is 1.0 M and extracellular concentration is 0.4M. Which direction does water flow?

a)

Both in and out (equilibrium)

b)

Into the cell

c)

Out of the cell

26.

Extracellular solution is 0.5M and the cell is 1.0M – which direction will water flow?

a)

Into cell towards hypertonic solution

b)

Into cell towards hypotonic solution

c)

Out of cell toward hypertonic solution

d)

Out of cell toward hypotonic solution

27.

What is the ionization constant of sucrose?

a)

0

b)

1

c)

24

d)

48

28.

What is the ionization constant of sodium chloride?

a)

0

b)

1

c)

2

d)

3

29.
What is the function of NADP+?
a)
It absorbs light
b)
It is an electron carrier
c)
It is a light-reflecting pigment
d)
It acts as long-term energy storage
30.
The light reactions occur in the ________ and the dark reactions take place in the ________.
a)
Chloroplast / thylakoid membrane
b)
stroma / thylakoid
c)
mesophyl / stomata
d)
thylakoid membrane / stroma
31.
Where does the carbon come from that is used to form glucose?
a)
The soil
b)
CO2 in the air
c)
From other carbohydrates
d)
Calvin Cycle
32.
Where does the Calvin cycle take place?
a)
stroma of the chloroplast
b)
thylakoid membrane
c)
outer membrane of the chloroplast
d)
interior of the thylakoid membrane
33.
When oxygen is released as a result of photosynthesis, it is a direct by-product of
a)
reducing NADP+
b)
splitting water molecules
c)
chemiosmosis
d)
electron transfer in photosystem II and I
34.
What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle?
a)
regenerate ATP for use in the light reactions of photosynthesis
b)
produce carbon dioxide for use in the light reactions of photosynthesis
c)
produce oxygen by oxidizing water
d)
produce simple sugars from carbon dioxide
35.

The H+ concentration gradient is formed to

a)

make NADPH

b)

split a water molecule

c)

generate ATP

d)

form water

36.

Rubisco is important in which step of photosynthesis

a)

energizing the electrons in chlorophyll

b)

carbon fixation when CO2 is connected to RUBP during calvin cycle

c)

regeneration phase as RUBP is made during calvin cycle

d)

reduction of the carbon chain during the calvin cycle

37.

If the proton (H+) pump in the thylakoid was not working which molecule could not be made during the light reaction?

a)

NADPH

b)

ATP

c)

Water

d)

Oxygen gas

38.

Which of the following would have the least affect on photosynthetic rate?

a)

increase the temp from 20°C to 30°C

b)

increasing the CO2 from 400 ppm to 600ppm

c)

increasing the light intesity from 40 Watts to 60 Watts

d)

increasing the amount of O2 from 20% to 30% in the air

39.

Label the parts of the enzyme model

a)Substrate
b)Products
c)Enzyme
d)Active site
1
2
3
4
1)
2)
3)
4)
40.
Which enzyme is most efficient in a basic solution?
a)
A
b)
B
41.

You have discovered an enzyme that can catalyze two different chemical reactions. Which of the following is most likely to be correct?

a)

The enzyme contains a-helices and b-pleated sheets.

b)

The enzyme is subject to competitive inhibition and allosteric regulation.

c)

Two types of allosteric regulation occur: The binding of one molecule activates the enzyme, while the binding of a different molecule inhibits it.

d)

Either the enzyme has two distinct active sites or the reactants involved in the two reactions are very similar in size and shape.

42.

Match the following

a)

Binds to active site to slow reaction

1.

Competitive

b)

Binds at a different spot on enzyme to change shape

2.

Allosteric

c)

Binds to active site

3.

Substrate

d)

Speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up

4.

Catalyst

e)

Part of enzyme where reactants bind to

5.

Active Site

43.

Where does glycolysis take place?

a)

Cytosol

b)

Mitochondrial matrix

c)

Mitochondrial cristae

d)

Stroma

e)

Thylakoid membrane

44.

What is the input of glycolysis?

a)

Glucose

b)

Pyruvate

c)

NADH

d)

G3P

45.

What is the output of glycolysis?

a)

Glucose

b)

2 pyruvate

c)

2 NADH

d)

2 ATP

e)

2 FADH2

46.

Where does the Krebs Cycle take place?

a)

Cytosol

b)

Mitochondrial matrix

c)

Mitochondrial cristae

d)

Stroma

e)

Thylakoid membrane

47.

What is the input of the Krebs Cycle?

a)

Pyruvate

b)

Acetyl CoA

c)

Glucose

d)

NADH

48.

Where does oxidative phosphorylation take place?

a)

Cytosol

b)

Mitochondrial matrix

c)

Mitochondrial cristae

d)

Stroma

e)

Thylakoid membrane

49.

What is the main function of oxidative phosphorylation?

a)

To complete the breakdown of glucose

b)

To generate a proton gradient and synthesize ATP

c)

To split a glucose molecule in half and synthesize NADH

50.

Which step of cellular respiration REQUIRES oxygen?

a)

Glycolysis

b)

Krebs Cycle

c)

Oxidative Phosphorylation

d)

Calvin Cycle

51.

Which step can be performed by prokaryotes AND eukaryotes?

a)

Glycolysis

b)

Krebs Cycle

c)

Oxidative Phosphorylation

d)

Calvin Cycle

52.

Which of the following are structural polysaccharides?

a)

Cellulose

b)

Glycogen

c)

Chitin

d)

Starch

53.

Which of the following are storage polysaccharides?

a)

Cellulose

b)

Glycogen

c)

Chitin

d)

Starch

54.

Which of the following element(s) are found in proteins?

a)

Carbon / Hydrogen

b)

Oxygen

c)

Phosphorus

d)

Nitrogen

e)

Sulfur

55.

Which of the following is the monomer of a protein?

a)

Amino acid

b)

Monosaccharide

c)

Nucleotide

d)

Steroid

56.

Which of the following bonds is found in the secondary structure of a protein?

a)

Hydrogen

b)

Peptide

c)

Covalent

d)

Ionic

57.

Which of the following structures involves the R groups interacting in a single polypeptide?

a)

Primary

b)

Secondary

c)

Tertiary

d)

Quaternary

58.

The amino acid glutamic acid has a R group with a negative charge. During folding, which of the following describes the orientation of the R group?

a)

Exterior of protein due to negative charge providing hydrophilic properties

b)

Exterior of protein due to negative charge providing hydrophobic properties

c)

Interior of protein due to negative charge providing hydrophobic properties

d)

Interior of protein due to negative charge providing hydrophilic properties

59.

Which of the following identifies the number of water molecules needed to remove the amino acids from a polypeptide with 20 amino acids?

a)

19

b)

20

c)

21

d)

22

60.

What are two types of Nucleic acids?

a)

DNA & BNA

b)

DNA & NNA

c)

RNA & fRNA

d)

DNA & RNA

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