WorksheetsDNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis '25
Total questions: 34
Worksheet time: 17mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Which process uses the code on a RNA molecule to make a protein?
a)
Mutation
b)
Replication
c)
Transcription
d)
Translation
2.
A molecule made of a nitrogen base, a sugar, and a phosphate group is called a
a)
DNA
b)
Nucleotide
c)
Allele
d)
Mutation
3.
DNA is responsible for storing information that cells need. How is information stored in the DNA typically expressed/displayed?
a)
sugars
b)
proteins
c)
membranes
d)
chromosomes
4.
How might a mutation in a gene affect an organism?
a)
It might change the protein that the gene codes for.
b)
It always results in a healthier organism.
c)
It guarantees an increase in the organism's size.
d)
It has no effect on the organism.
5.
Which cellular structure is directly involved with translating a genetic code into proteins?
a)
Ribosomes
b)
Nucleus
c)
Mitochondria
d)
Lysosomes
6.
Where does mRNA carry the DNA message?
a)
Outside the nucleus to the ribosome
b)
Inside the nucleus to a mitochondrion.
c)
To the cell wall
d)
Into the bloodstream
7.
What are proteins made up of in a cell?
a)
Vitamins
b)
Sugars
c)
Lipids
d)
Amino acids
8.
Where does the transcription of DNA into mRNA occur?
a)
In the ribosomes
b)
In the nucleus
c)
In the cytoplasm
d)
In the mitochondrion
9.
How is the mRNA read at the ribosome?
a)
3 bases at a time
b)
one base at a time
c)
4 bases at a time
d)
2 bases at a time
10.
What does the term double helix in DNA describe?
a)
The number of chromosomes in a cell.
b)
The shape of a specific protein.
c)
The number of DNA bases.
d)
The twisted ladder structure of DNA.
11.
Why are some genetic mutations described as neutral?
a)
They eliminate genetic diversity.
b)
They cause harm to the organism.
c)
They have no observable impact on the organism.
d)
They always provide a survival advantage.
12.
Why might a substitution mutation not change a protein?
a)
Some amino acids are coded by more than one codon.
b)
Some DNA strands are short.
c)
All mRNA copies have the same sequence.
d)
All proteins have a redundant structure.
13.
Which of the following statements about gene mutations is accurate?
a)
Some mutations can be beneficial, harmful, or have no effect.
b)
All mutations are harmful and should be avoided.
c)
Mutations are not inheritable and only occur once.
d)
Mutations always result n superpowers like in comic books.
14.
When one DNA molecule is replicated, the result is two DNA molecules. What is true of the second DNA molecule?
a)
It is twice the size of the first DNA molecule.
b)
The sequence of bases, from top to bottom, is opposite the sequence in the first DNA molecule.
c)
It is half the size of the first DNA molecule.
d)
It is identical to the first DNA molecule.
15.
What is the role of enzymes in the DNA replication process?
a)
Enzymes link together to form a template for a new DNA molecule to be built.
b)
Enzymes read the DNA code and build a new DNA molecule from scratch.
c)
Enzymes link adjacent nucleosides together, becoming an integral part of the structure of the new strands of DNA.
d)
Enzymes split the DNA molecule into two strands and then transport corresponding nitrogenous bases to each strand.
16.
Which statement best describes the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?
a)
Stores the genetic code in the nucleus.
b)
Splits the DNA molecule into two strands.
c)
Carries an amino acid to the ribosome.
d)
Copies the genetic code from the DNA molecule and carries it to the ribosome.
17.
____ is single-stranded.
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
18.
____ contains a sugar called deoxyribose.
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
19.
____ contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil.
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
20.
Which pair of nitrogenous bases will form a bond in a DNA molecule?
a)
adenine and thymine
b)
cytosine and adenine
c)
thymine and cytosine
d)
guanine and thymine
21.
This form of RNA pairs up with DNA nucleotides and then moves into the cytoplasm of the cell.
a)
mRNA
b)
rRNA
c)
tRNA
22.
Which mRNA sequence complements the DNA sequence below?
a)
Sequence A
b)
Sequence B
c)
Sequence C
d)
Sequence D
23.
This form of RNA forms chemical bonds that attach amino acids to each other.
a)
mRNA
b)
rRNA
c)
tRNA
24.
You are given the following DNA sequence. What would be the mRNA sequence? ATC GCA TTC GTG CAT
a)
TAG CGT AAG CAC GTA
b)
UAG CGU AAG CAC GUA
c)
TUG CGT UUG CUC GTU
d)
UAC CGU AAG GAC GUA
25.
Original DNA: ATC CTG AGG - Identify the type of mutation: ATC TTG AGG
a)
insertion
b)
deletion
c)
substitution
26.
Original DNA: ATC CTG AGG - Identify the type of mutation: ATC TGA GG
a)
insertion
b)
deletion
c)
substitution
27.
Original DNA: ATC CTG AGG - Identify the type of mutation: ATC GCT GAG G
a)
insertion
b)
deletion
c)
substitution
28.
* What base sequence in the original DNA would be transcribed into an mRNA codon that joins with the tRNA anticodon shown below?
a)
AGT
b)
UCA
c)
ACT
d)
AGU
29.
Which tRNA anticodon will complement this mRNA codon?
a)
Anticodon A
b)
Anticodon B
c)
Anticodon C
d)
Anticodon D
30.
Use the codon wheel to write the amino acid sequence for the following mRNA strand: ACG GAC UAG
a)
Stop Asp Thr
b)
Ala Gin Asp
c)
Thr Asp Stop
31.
Use the codon chart to write the amino acid sequence for the following mRNA strand:
GUG CAG UGA
a)
Trp Thr Val
b)
Val Gin Stop
c)
Trp Thr Stop
32.
Describe what a mutation is and explain a situation in which mutations could be beneficial.
a)
A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence and is always harmful
b)
A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence and is always helpful
c)
A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence and can allow variation
33.
Describe what is happening in the diagram.
a)
A protein is being formed
b)
An amino acid is being created
c)
RNA is being created from the original DNA
d)
None of these
34.
Use the illustration to describe the differences between replication, transcription, and translation.
a)
The DNA is translating the mRNA so that the mRNA can replicate and transcribe the amino acids into tRNA
b)
The DNA is replicating itself and then transcribing mRNA so that the tRNA can make proteins
c)
The RNA in the nucleus is replicating itself then transcribing nucleotides to make amino acids out of proteins
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