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WorksheetsPhysics Third Quarter
Total questions: 79
Worksheet time: 20hrs 45mins
Which of the following is a direct cause of a substance’s temperature increase?
Energy is removed from the particles of the substance.
Kinetic energy is added to the particles of the substance.
The number of atoms and molecules in a substance changes.
The volume of the substance decreases.
Which of the following is proportional to the kinetic energy of atoms and molecules?
elastic energy
temperature
potential energy
thermal equilibrium
What are the energies associated with atomic motion called?
kinetic energy
potential energy
bond energy
internal energy
As the temperature of a substance increases, its volume tends to increase due to
thermal equilibrium.
thermal energy.
thermal expansion.
thermal contraction.
What is the temperature of a system in thermal equilibrium with another system made up of ice and water at 1 atm of pressure?
0°F
273 K
0 K
100°C
If two small beakers of water, one at 70°C and one at 80°C, are emptied into a large beaker, what is the final temperature of the water?
The final temperature is less than 70°C.
The final temperature is greater than 80°C.
The final temperature is between 70°C and 80°C.
The water temperature will fluctuate.
Energy transferred as heat occurs between two bodies in thermal contact when they differ in which of the following properties?
mass
specific heat
density
temperature
Which of the following terms describes a transfer of energy?
heat
internal energy
temperature
kinetic energy
How is energy transferred as heat always directed?
from an object at low temperature to an object at high temperature
from an object at high temperature to an object at low temperature
from an object at low kinetic energy to an object at high kinetic energy
from an object with higher mass to an object of lower mass
To which of the following is high temperature related?
low particle kinetic energy
high particle kinetic energy
large volume
zero net energy transfer
In the presence of friction, not all of the work done on a system appears as mechanical energy. What happens to the rest of the energy provided by work?
The remaining energy is stored as mechanical energy within the system.
The remaining energy is dissipated as sound.
The remaining energy causes a decrease in the internal energy of the system.
The remaining energy causes an increase in the internal energy of the system.
What three properties of a substance affect the amount of energy transferred as heat to or from the substance?
volume, temperature change, specific heat capacity
density, temperature change, specific heat capacity
mass, temperature change, specific heat capacity
mass, temperature change, latent heat
A calorimeter is used to determine the specific heat capacity of a test metal. If the specific heat capacity of water is known, what quantities must be measured?
metal volume, water volume, initial and final temperatures of metal and water
metal mass, water mass, initial and final temperatures of metal and water
metal mass, water mass, final temperature of metal and water
metal mass, water mass, heat added to or removed from water and metal
Which of the following describes a substance in which the temperature and pressure remain constant while the substance experiences an inward transfer of energy?
gas
liquid
solid
substance undergoing a change of state
Which of the following is true during a phase change?
Temperature increases.
Temperature remains constant.
Temperature decreases.
There is no transfer of energy as heat.
Energy is transferred as heat between two objects, one with a temperature of 5°C and the other with a temperature of 20°C. If two other objects are to have the same amount of energy transferred between them, what might their temperatures be?
10°C and 15°C
17°C and 32°C
15°C and 25°C
80°C and 90°C
Why does sandpaper get hot when it is rubbed against rusty metal?
Energy is transferred from the sandpaper into the metal.
Energy is transferred from the metal to the sandpaper.
Friction between the sandpaper and metal increases the temperature of both.
Energy is transferred from a hand to the sandpaper.
If there is no temperature difference between a substance and its surroundings, what has occurred on the microscopic level?
Energy has been transferred from lower-energy particles to higher-energy particles.
Energy has been transferred from higher-energy particles to lower-energy particles.
No energy has been transferred between the substance and its surroundings.
Heat has been flowing back and forth.
At what point on the figure above does the substance undergo a phase change?
A
B
C
E
What accounts for an increase in the temperature of a gas that is kept at constant volume?
Energy has been removed as heat from the gas.
Energy has been added as heat to the gas.
Energy has been removed as work done by the gas.
Energy has been added as work done on the gas.
What thermodynamic process for an ideal gas system has an unchanging internal energy and a heat intake that corresponds to the value of the work done by the system?
isovolumetric
isobaric
adiabatic
isothermal
Which thermodynamic process takes place when work is done on or by the system but no energy is transferred to or from the system as heat?
isovolumetric
isobaric
adiabatic
isothermal
Which thermodynamic process takes place at constant volume so that no work is done on or by the system?
isovolumetric
isobaric
adiabatic
isothermal
During an isovolumetric process, which of the following does not change?
temperature
volume
pressure
internal energy
How is conservation of internal energy expressed for a system during an adiabatic process?
Q = W = 0, so ΔU = 0 and Ui = Uf
Q = 0, so ΔU = –W
ΔT = 0, so ΔU = 0; therefore, ΔU = Q – W = 0, or Q = W
ΔV = 0, so PΔV = 0 and W = 0; therefore, ΔU = Q
How is conservation of internal energy expressed for a system during an isovolumetric process?
Q = W = 0, so ΔU = 0 and Ui = Uf
Q = 0, so ΔU = –W
ΔT = 0, so ΔU = 0; therefore, ΔU = Q – W = 0, or Q = W
ΔV = 0, so PΔV = 0 and W = 0; therefore, ΔU = Q
How is conservation of internal energy expressed for a system during an isothermal process?
Q = W = 0, so ΔU = 0 and Ui = Uf
Q = 0, so ΔU = –W
ΔT = 0, so ΔU = 0; therefore, ΔU = Q – W = 0, or Q = W
ΔV = 0, so PΔV = 0 and W = 0; therefore, ΔU = Q
How is conservation of internal energy expressed for an isolated system?
Q = W = 0, so ΔU = 0 and Ui = Uf
Q = 0, so ΔU = –W
ΔT = 0, so ΔU = 0; therefore, ΔU = Q – W = 0, or Q = W
ΔV = 0, so PΔV = 0 and W = 0; therefore, ΔU = Q
Which of the following is a thermodynamic process in which a system returns to the same conditions under which it started?
an isovolumetric process
an isothermal process
a cyclic process
an adiabatic process
Which of the following is not a way in which a cyclic process resembles an isothermal process?
Energy can be transferred as work.
Energy can be transferred as heat.
The temperature of the system remains constant throughout the process.
There is no net change in the internal energy of the system.
How does a real heat engine differ from an ideal cyclic heat engine?
A real heat engine is not cyclic.
An ideal heat engine converts all energy from heat to work.
A real heat engine is not isolated, so matter enters and leaves the engine.
An ideal heat engine is not isolated, so matter enters and leaves the engine.
The requirement that a heat engine must give up some energy at a lower temperature in order to do work corresponds to which law of thermodynamics?
first
second
third
No law of thermodynamics applies.
Which of the following is a way to improve the efficiency of a heat engine?
increase Qh
reduce Qh
reduce Wnet
increase Qc
What occurs when a system’s disorder is increased?
No work is done.
Less energy is available to do work.
No energy is available to do work.
More energy is available to do work.
An ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic process in which it expands and does 20 J of work on its environment. How much energy is transferred to the system as heat?
–20 J
0 J
5 J
20 J
An ideal heat engine has an efficiency of 50 percent. Which of the following statements is not true?
The amount of energy exhausted as heat equals the energy added to the engine as heat.
The amount of work done is half the energy added to the engine as heat.
The amount of energy exhausted as heat is half the energy added to the engine as heat.
The amount of energy exhausted as heat equals the work done.
When a drop of ink mixes with water, what happens to the entropy of the system?
The system’s entropy increases, and the total entropy of the universe increases.
The system’s entropy decreases, and the total entropy of the universe increases.
The system’s entropy increases, and the total entropy of the universe decreases.
The system’s entropy decreases, and the total entropy of the universe decreases.
A thermodynamic process occurs, and the entropy of a system decreases. What can be concluded about the entropy change of the environment?
It decreases.
It increases.
It stays the same.
It could increase or decrease, depending on the process.
If a pendulum is adjusted so that its frequency changes from 10 Hz to 20 Hz, its period will change from n seconds to
n/4 seconds.
n/2 seconds.
2n seconds.
4n seconds.
The standing wave shown in the diagram above would be produced on a string of length L by a wave having wavelength
1/2 L.
L.
2 L.
4 L.
A mass attached to a spring vibrates back and forth. At maximum displacement, the spring force and the
velocity reach a maximum.
velocity reach zero.
acceleration reach a maximum.
acceleration reach zero.
For a system in simple harmonic motion, which of the following is the number of cycles or vibrations per unit of time?
amplitude
period
frequency
revolution
Which of the following is a single nonperiodic disturbance?
pulse wave
periodic wave
sine wave
transverse wave
Two mechanical waves can occupy the same space at the same time because waves
are matter.
are displacements of matter.
do not cause interference patterns.
cannot pass through one another.
Two mechanical waves that have positive displacements from the equilibrium position meet and coincide. What kind of interference occurs?
constructive
destructive
complete destructive
none
Two mechanical waves meet and coincide. One wave has a positive displacement from the equilibrium position, and the other wave has a negative displacement. What kind of interference occurs?
constructive
destructive
complete constructive
none
Waves arriving at a fixed boundary are
neither reflected nor inverted.
reflected but not inverted.
reflected and inverted.
inverted but not reflected.
What is the fewest number of nodes a standing wave on a string can have?
1
2
3
4
Sound waves
are a part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
do not require a medium for transmission.
are longitudinal waves.
are transverse waves.
The trough of the sine curve used to represent a sound wave corresponds to
a compression.
the wavelength.
the amplitude.
a rarefaction.
Which of the following is the region of a sound wave in which the density and pressure are greater than normal?
rarefaction
compression
amplitude
wavelength
The highness or lowness of a sound is perceived as
compression.
wavelength.
ultrasound.
pitch.
Pitch depends on the ____ of a sound wave.
frequency
amplitude
power
speed
In general, sound travels faster through
solids than through gases.
gases than through solids.
gases than through liquids.
empty space than through matter.
At a large distance from a sound source, spherical wave fronts are viewed as
wavelengths.
troughs.
rays.
plane waves.
A train moves down the track toward an observer. The sound from the train, as heard by the observer, is ____ the sound heard by a passenger on the train.
the same as
a different timbre than
higher in pitch than
lower in pitch than
The Doppler effect occurs with
only sound waves.
only transverse waves.
only water waves.
all waves.
The property of sound called intensity is proportional to the rate at which energy flows through
an area perpendicular to the direction of propagation.
an area parallel to the direction of propagation.
a cylindrical tube.
a sound wave of a certain frequency.
The perceived loudness of a sound is measured in
hertz.
decibels.
watts.
watts per square meter.
A sound twice the intensity of the faintest audible sound is not perceived as twice as loud because the sensation of loudness in human hearing
is approximately logarithmic.
is approximately exponential.
depends on the speed of sound.
is proportional to frequency.
When the frequency of a force applied to a system matches the natural frequency of vibration of the system, ____ occurs.
damped vibration
random vibration
timbre
resonance
When an air column vibrates in a pipe that is open at both ends,
all harmonics are present.
no harmonics are present.
only odd harmonics are present.
only even harmonics are present.
When an air column vibrates in a pipe that is closed at one end,
all harmonics are present.
no harmonics are present.
only odd harmonics are present.
only even harmonics are present.
The wavelength of the fundamental frequency of a vibrating string of length L is
1/2 L.
L.
2L.
4L.
The quality of a musical tone of a certain pitch results from a combination of
fundamental frequencies.
harmonics.
transverse waves.
velocities.
Audible beats are formed by the interference of two waves
of slightly different frequencies.
of greatly different frequencies.
with equal frequencies, but traveling in opposite directions.
from the same vibrating source.
Of the following materials, sound waves travel fastest through
helium at 0°C.
air at 0°C.
copper at 0°C.
air at 100°C.
The point at which a ray crosses a wave front corresponds to a ____ of a sound wave.
wavelength
compression
trough
source
The distance between wave fronts of plane waves corresponds to ____ of a sound wave.
one wavelength
two amplitudes
one compression
two rarefactions
If you are on a train, how will the pitch of the train’s whistle sound to you as the train moves?
The pitch will become steadily higher.
The pitch will become steadily lower.
The pitch will not change.
The pitch will become higher, then become lower.
At a distance of 3 m, the intensity of a sound will be ____ the intensity it was at a distance of 1 m.
one-ninth
one-third
3 times
9 times
The intensity of a sound at any distance from the source is directly proportional to the sound’s
wavelength.
pitch.
power.
frequency.
The Tacoma Narrows bridge collapsed in 1940 when winds caused ____ to build up in the bridge.
a compression wave
a longitudinal wave
a standing wave
friction
For a standing wave in an air column in a pipe that is open at both ends, there must be at least
one node and one antinode.
two nodes and one antinode.
two antinodes and one node.
two nodes and two antinodes.
Two violin players tuning their instruments together hear 8 beats in 2 s. What is the frequency difference between the two violins?
2 Hz
4 Hz
8 Hz
16 Hz
How many beats per second are heard when two vibrating tuning forks having frequencies of 342 Hz and 345 Hz are held side by side?
687 Hz
343.5 Hz
5 Hz
3 Hz
How many beats per second are heard when two vibrating tuning forks having frequencies of 216 Hz and 224 Hz are held side by side?
6 Hz
8 Hz
9 Hz
3 Hz
A vibrating guitar string emits a tone just as a 5.00 × 10 Hz tuning fork is struck. If five beats per second are heard, which of the following is a possible frequency of vibration of the string?
2500 Hz
1500 Hz
605 Hz
495 Hz
If a guitar string has a fundamental frequency of 500 Hz, what is the frequency of its second harmonic?
250 Hz
750 Hz
1000 Hz
2000 Hz
