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Microbiology 2420 - Lecture Exam 1

Total questions: 50

Worksheet time: 25mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Shared electrons between two atoms creates what type of bond?

a)

Nuclear

b)

Hydrogen

c)

Ionic

d)

Covalent

2.

What group of biomolecules to sterols belong to?

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Lipids

c)

Proteins

d)

Nucleic Acid

3.

A small circular DNA molecule of nonessential genes in bacteria is called a _____.

a)

Chromosome

b)

Plasmid

c)

Genome

d)

Nucleoid

4.

Which of these is the correct way to write a scientific name using binomial nomenclature?

a)

Escherichia Coli

b)

Escherichia coli

c)

Escherichia Coli

d)

Escherichia coli

5.

Chains of spherical cells are ______.

a)

staphylococci

b)

vibrios

c)

bacilli

d)

streptococci

6.

Molecules in which there is unequal sharing of electrons have _______ bonds.

a)

ionic

b)

hydrophobic

c)

nonpolar covalent

d)

polar covalent

7.

Who developed a heating method to prevent wine from souring that is now used to kill pathogens in foods such as milk?

a)

Hooke

b)

Pasteur

c)

Lister

d)

Koch

8.

Which allows hydrophilic solutes to pass into and out of the cell using transport proteins and does not require ATP?

a)

osmosis

b)

active transport

c)

facilitated diffusion

d)

Lysis

9.

Which statement is NOT true about pili?

a)

They cause the bacteria to move in a run and tumble motion.

b)

They may be used to transfers DNA.

c)

They are used for attachment and gliding motility.

d)

They are composed of proteins.

10.

____ is the ability to distinguish closely spaced objects.

a)

Magnification

b)

Refraction

c)

Refraction

d)

Resolution

11.

The ___ stain differentiates bacteria based on whether the cell wall is thick or thin.

a)

simple

b)

Gram

c)

negative

d)

capsule

12.

A basic dye for staining is also called a/an _________ dye.

a)

cationic

b)

anionic

c)

neutral

d)

colorless

13.

Which group of eukaryotic microorganisms act primarily as decomposers?

a)

Bacteria

b)

Archaea

c)

Fungi

d)

Algae

14.

Which type of microbe is not cellular?

a)

Viruses

b)

Archaea

c)

Protists

d)

Plasmids

15.

Why is water a good solvent?

a)

It has a low molecular weight.

b)

It's a liquid.

c)

It is very polar.

d)

It is very nonpolar.

16.

Amino acids are linked together in proteins by ____ bonds.

a)

ester

b)

peptide

c)

glycosidic

d)

sugar-phosphate

17.

What is the general chemical formula for monosaccharides?

a)

(CH2O)n

b)

C6H12O6

c)

CHNOPS

d)

CH3(CH2)nCOOH

18.

Put the levels of polypeptide and protein structure in order from primary to quaternary:

a)

2-1-4-3

b)

1-2-3-4

c)

4-3-2-1

d)

2-1-3-4

19.

Which microbiome is comprised of microbes living in the ocean?

a)

Soil

b)

Atmospheric

c)

Deep Earth

d)

Marine

20.

Sequence the following from smallest to largest size:

A. PROTOZOA

B. VIRUSES

C. PROKARYOTES

D. MOLECULE

a)

D-B-C-A

b)

D-C-B-A

c)

D-A-B-C

d)

D-B-A-C

21.

Where are teichoic acids found in prokaryotic cells?

a)

cytoplasm of archaea

b)

cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria

c)

outer membrane of Gram-negative cells

d)

cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria

22.

Which of these is NOT a property shared by all living organisms:

a)

Information used for cell function and reproduction stored in DNA

b)

Evolutionary adaptation

c)

Response to stimuli

d)

Ability to perform photosynthesis

23.

Which group is found in the broadest range of environments, including some extreme environments?

a)

Archaea

b)

Fungi

c)

Plants

d)

Animals

24.

What type of microscopy is best to view internal structures of cells and viruses at magnifications of 20,000x or higher?

a)

Brightfield light microscopy

b)

Phase-contrast light microscopy

c)

Transmission electron microscopy

d)

Scanning electron microscopy

25.

Microorganisms capable of causing disease are _______.

a)

prokaryotes

b)

normal microbiota

c)

endosymbionts

d)

pathogens

26.

Monosaccharides are joined together by _____ bonds.

a)

hydrogen

b)

glycosidic

c)

saccharide

d)

peptide

27.

Which of these is NOT a lipid?

a)

triglyceride

b)

cholesterol

c)

wax

d)

ATP

28.

Nucleotides are composed of pentose sugar, phosphate, and ________.

a)

fatty acid

b)

nitrogenous base

c)

amino acid

d)

triglyceride

29.

The acid-fast technique is used to identify a certain genus of bacteria because their cell walls contain ________.

a)

peptidoglycan

b)

teichoic acid

c)

mycolic acid

d)

lipopolysaccharide

30.

Which type of reaction is used to form covalent bonds between monomer subunits or components of biomolecules? (hint: forms bonds while losing a water molecule)

a)

Osmotic

b)

Hydrolysis

c)

Dehydration

d)

H-bond

31.

Who developed a set of guidelines for determining a specific microbe caused a specific disease?

a)

Louis Pasteur

b)

Robert Hooke

c)

Anton von Leeuwenhoek

d)

Robert Koch

32.
a)

3-1-2-4

b)

1-2-3-4

c)

4-3-2-1

d)

3-2-1-4

33.

Which scientist first proposed the germ theory of disease?

a)

Joseph Lister

b)

Louis Pasteur

c)

Ignaz Semmelweis

d)

Robert Koch

34.

Compared to saliva (pH 6), vinegar (pH 3) has a H+ concentration _______ than saliva.

a)

half as much

b)

1000x greater

c)

30x greater

d)

unable to determine

35.

Atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons are called:

a)

isotopes

b)

ions

c)

acids

d)

inert elements

36.

What is the name of the microbiome consisting of microbial communities living in and on our bodies?

a)

Human

b)

Marine

c)

Atmospheric

d)

Pathogenic

37.

Anions have a __________ charge with _________ electrons than protons.

a)

positive, fewer

b)

negative, fewer

c)

positive, more

d)

negative, more

38.

The tertiary structure of a protein is its:

a)

amino acid sequence.

b)

3-D shape.

c)

assembly from two or more polypeptide chains.

d)

initial folding of the polypeptide using only H-bonds.

39.

Most atoms found in molecules and salts prefer to have ___ electrons in their outer shell.

a)

2

b)

8

c)

1-6

d)

14

40.

The primary function of nucleic acids is:

a)

genetic information.

b)

act as enzymes.

c)

structural support.

d)

selective barrier.

41.

Which of these is NOT a type of organic molecule found living organisms?

a)

lipids

b)

proteins

c)

salts

d)

nucleic acids

42.

Members of this group can live in extreme environments like hot springs at Yellowstone or extreme salt of the Dead Sea.

a)

Fungi

b)

Protozoa

c)

Bacteria

d)

Archaea

43.

The primary structural component of bacterial cell walls is

a)

peptidoglycan

b)

pseudopeptidoglycan

c)

chitin

d)

cellulose

44.

Which type of microscopy that has the greatest resolution?

a)

Bright field

b)

fluorescence

c)

TEM

d)

SEM

45.

Which type of microscopy uses UV light to excite a dye?

a)

fluorescence microscopy

b)

phase-contrast microscopy

c)

brightfield microscopy

d)

transmission electron microscopy

46.

Cell membranes are composed mostly of:

a)

proteins and carbohydrates

b)

phospholipids and proteins

c)

triglycerides and sterols

d)

lipopolysaccharides

47.

Chemicals that reduce changes in pH are _____.

a)

bases

b)

acids

c)

nonpolar

d)

buffers

48.

Which component is unique among the 20 types of amino acids?

a)

R group

b)

Carboxyl group

c)

Amino group

d)

Central carbon

49.

Archaeal cell walls are ____ compared to bacterial cell walls.

a)

identical

b)

chemically different, but functionally similar

c)

much thinner and less complex

d)

more like eukaryotic membranes

50.

Who first observed bacteria and "animalcules"?

a)

Robert Hooke

b)

Antoni von Leeuwenhoek

c)

Carollus Linnaeus

d)

Louis Pasteur