WorksheetsTopic 4 Lesson 3 Test
Total questions: 50
Worksheet time: 25mins
What force causes stress on Earth's crust, potentially changing its shape or volume?
Wind
Tectonic plate movement
Ocean currents
Human activity
Which type of stress involves pulling and stretching rock?
Compression
Tension
Shearing
Conduction
What can result from stress on Earth's crust?
Folds and faults
Hurricanes
Landslides
Fossil formation
What effect does compression have on Earth's crust?
It pulls and stretches rock
It squeezes and bends rock, forming mountains
It causes rock to break apart
It causes earthquakes
Which type of stress causes rocks to move in opposite directions, potentially leading to breaks or faults?
Tension
Compression
Shearing
Expansion
What are faults in Earth's crust?
Areas of the Earth's mantle where heat accumulates
Breaks in Earth's crust where stress deforms the rock
Locations where volcanoes form
Plates that float on the Earth's surface
What occurs in a normal fault?
The footwall slips downward relative to the hanging wall
The hanging wall slips downward relative to the footwall
The crust splits evenly with no movement
The plates move horizontally with no vertical movement
What landforms can be created by normal faults?
Only valleys
Only mountains
Valleys and mountains
Earthquakes and tsunamis
What causes the hanging wall to move up over the footwall in a reverse fault?
Tension
Compression
Shearing
Gravitational pull
Which type of fault is associated with horizontal movement of rock walls in opposite directions?
Normal Fault
Reverse Fault
Strike-Slip Fault
Thrust Fault
Where do reverse faults typically occur?
Divergent boundaries
Transform boundaries
Convergent boundaries
At fault lines of oceanic crust
What causes normal faults to form at divergent boundaries?
Compression
Tension
Shearing
Gravitational pull
What landforms are typically created by tension and normal faults at divergent boundaries?
Rift valleys and fault-block mountains
Volcanoes and mountain ranges
Plateaus and canyons
Oceanic ridges and deep trenches
What geological process causes rock to fold and form mountain ranges and valleys?
Tension
Compression
Shearing
Erosion
What is the difference between anticlines and synclines?
Anticlines are downward folds, and synclines are upward folds
Anticlines are upward folds (arches), and synclines are downward folds (troughs)
Anticlines and synclines are both upward folds
Anticlines and synclines are both downward folds
What shapes mountains and valleys when weathering and erosion occur around anticlines and synclines?
Valleys form in anticlines, and mountains form in synclines
Valleys form in synclines, and mountains form in anticlines
Both valleys and mountains are formed in synclines
Both valleys and mountains are formed in anticlines
What can large-scale compression of the Earth's crust lead to in terms of landscape formation?
Only synclines
Only anticlines
Landscapes with multiple anticlines and synclines, forming mountains and valleys
Flat plains with no noticeable folds
What happens when stress builds up along plate boundaries?
It causes volcanic eruptions
It leads to gradual plate movements
It is released as an earthquake
It forms mountain ranges
What are seismic waves?
Waves of sound caused by volcanic eruptions
Energy-carrying vibrations from earthquakes, storms, or eruptions
Waves that travel on the surface of the ocean
Waves that cause tsunamis
How do seismic waves behave as they pass through different materials?
They lose energy and stop
They change speed and direction
They travel in a straight line at constant speed
They cause the Earth's crust to bend
What do seismographs measure?
Wind speed during a storm
Temperature fluctuations during an earthquake
Seismic waves from earthquakes
The size of volcanic eruptions
Which waves arrive first during an earthquake, as seen on a seismogram?
Surface waves
P and S waves
Tsunami waves
Ocean waves
How is the epicenter of an earthquake located?
By measuring the height of the tsunami waves
Using data from multiple seismograph stations
By observing the Earth’s surface movement
By calculating the depth of the earthquake
How is earthquake magnitude measured?
Using the Richter scale
Using the moment magnitude scale
By measuring the depth of the earthquake
By calculating the surface area affected
What does a one-point increase in earthquake magnitude represent?
A doubling of energy released
A 32-fold increase in energy released
A reduction in earthquake severity
A decrease in the number of aftershocks
How much more energy is released by a magnitude-9 earthquake compared to a magnitude-8 earthquake?
10 times more energy
32 times more energy
100 times more energy
1000 times more energy
Why is the U.S. west coast, including Alaska, more prone to earthquakes?
It has a high number of volcanic eruptions
It is located near the 'Ring of Fire' around the Pacific
It experiences frequent weather patterns
It has many large mountain ranges
How do earthquakes near the ocean floor contribute to tsunamis?
By creating underwater volcanic eruptions
By causing ocean floor uplift, displacing water
By causing the atmosphere to trap water vapor
By changing the ocean’s salinity
Why are tsunamis so destructive?
They only affect small coastal areas
They involve the entire water column, causing widespread damage
They are easily predicted and controlled
They primarily affect the atmosphere rather than the ocean
What are two common causes of tsunamis?
Volcanic eruptions and temperature changes
Ocean floor uplift and landslides
Storm surges and tidal waves
Earthquakes and solar flares
What caused the 1958 tsunami in Lituya Bay, Alaska?
A volcanic eruption
A landslide triggered by an earthquake
A large ship collision
A massive tidal wave
How high did the tsunami wave in Lituya Bay reach along the shoreline in 1958?
100 meters
324 meters
524 meters
800 meters
Faults are breaks in Earth’s crust, typically forming at plate boundaries where stress deforms the rock.
True
False
n a normal fault, the footwall slips downward relative to the hanging wall.
True
False
Normal faults can create valleys where the crust falls and mountains where adjacent slabs remain.
True
False
Reverse faults occur at divergent boundaries and cause the hanging wall to move upward over the footwall.
True
False
Strike-slip faults occur at transform boundaries, where rock walls move horizontally in opposite directions.
True
False
Compression causes rock to fold, forming mountain ranges and valleys.
True
False
Anticlines are downward folds (troughs) in the Earth's crust.
True
False
Synclines are upward folds, and anticlines are downward folds.
True
False
Weathering and erosion shape anticlines into mountains and valleys into synclines.
True
False
Seismic waves are vibrations caused by weather patterns or volcanic eruptions, traveling through the Earth.
True
False
The P and S waves arrive first during an earthquake, followed by larger surface waves.
True
False
Seismic waves change speed and direction as they pass through different materials in the Earth.
True
False
Seismographs measure seismic waves from volcanoes and measure the energy released by eruptions.
True
False
The epicenter of an earthquake can be located using data from multiple seismograph stations.
True
False
The moment magnitude scale measures earthquake magnitude based on the energy released.
True
False
A one-point increase in earthquake magnitude represents a 33-fold increase in energy released.
True
False
The U.S. west coast is more prone to earthquakes because it is located near the "Ring of Fire" around the Pacific.
True
False
Tsunamis are typically caused by underwater earthquakes near the ocean floor, which displace water.
True
False
