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Nervous system divisions, glial cells and neuron conduction

Total questions: 97

Worksheet time: 2hrs 30mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The two major parts of the nervous system are the

a)

brain and spinal cord

b)

central and somatic nervous systems

c)

sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.

d)

peripheral and central nervous systems

2.

The speed of neural conduction between neurons will result in difficulties in speaking, vision, and balance if the ________________ insulating the axons is damaged or removed.

a)

Axon

b)

Myelin Sheath

c)

Nucleus

d)

Brain

3.

Dr. Vazquez is examining a cell from the nervous system of an animal. He notices that at one end of the cell body is a long, fibrous strand of tissue. He immediately recognizes this as an axon that is responsible for

a)

carrying signals away from the cell body

b)

receiving signals from other cells and carrying them toward the cell body.

c)

determining the speed at which an action potential will travel

d)

determining whether the cell inhibits or excites neighboring neurons

4.

Which of the following is regulated by the autonomic nervous system

a)

Breathing

b)

Kicking a soccer ball

c)

Balancing on one foot

d)

Raising your hand

5.

Dopamine and Serotonin are examples of _______________

a)

Axon

b)

Neurotransmitters

c)

Somatic Nerves

d)

Autonomic Nerves

6.

Neurotransmitters are ______________ that travel across the ______________ to another cell.

a)

electrical signals; receptors

b)

electrical signals; synapse

c)

chemicals; receptors

d)

chemicals; synapse

7.

The branch like figures that receive impulses & conducts them to the cell body

a)

Dendrite

b)

Axon

c)

Cell Body

d)

Myelin Sheath

8.

The two parts of the Peripheral Nervous System

a)

Brain and Spinal Cord

b)

Somatic and Autonomic

c)

Systematic and Brain

d)

Spinal cord and Autonomic

9.

The ____________ is part of the peripheral nervous system and controls our senses.

a)

Systemic

b)

Autonomic

c)

Somatic

d)

Autonomous

10.

What is number 3 pointing at on the neuron?

a)

Dendrite

b)

Axon

c)

Myelin Sheath

d)

Soma

11.

What part of the neuron is number 4 pointing at?

a)

Dendrite

b)

Axon Terminal

c)

Axon

d)

Myelin Sheath

12.

Which part of the Neuron is number 1 pointing at?

a)

Dendrite

b)

Cell body

c)

Axon

d)

Nucleus

13.

What is the name of the electrical impulse that neurons send?

a)

Voltage

b)

Current

c)

Action potential

d)

Resistance

14.

What is the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

a)

-70 mV

b)

-55 mV

c)

+40 mV

d)

+75 mV

15.

What is the purpose of the sodium-potassium pump in a neuron?

a)

To create a difference in charge between the inside and outside of the neuron

b)

To open voltage-gated channels

c)

To repolarize the neuron

d)

To trigger action potentials

16.

What happens when a neuron reaches its threshold potential?

a)

The neuron returns to its resting state

b)

The neuron undergoes hyperpolarization

c)

Voltage-gated sodium channels open

d)

Voltage-gated potassium channels open

17.

What is the purpose of the refractory period in a neuron?

a)

To prevent signals from traveling in both directions down the axon

b)

To maintain the resting membrane potential

c)

To trigger the sodium-potassium pump

d)

To open ligand-gated channels

18.

What is the term for a small, localized change in membrane potential?

a)

Action potential

b)

Graded potential

c)

Hyperpolarization

d)

Repolarization

19.

What is the purpose of myelin sheath on an axon?

a)

To increase the frequency of action potentials

b)

To decrease the conduction velocity of action potentials

c)

To prevent action potentials from occurring

d)

To increase the conduction velocity of action potentials

20.

What is the term for the propagation of an action potential from one gap in the myelin to the next?

a)

Saltatory conduction

b)

Voltage-gated conduction

c)

Graded conduction

d)

Mechanically-gated conduction

21.

What happens during repolarization of a neuron?

a)

Voltage-gated sodium channels open

b)

Voltage-gated potassium channels open

c)

The neuron undergoes hyperpolarization

d)

The sodium-potassium pump is activated

22.

What is the main force behind every action, thought, and feeling in the body?

a)

Voltage

b)

Current

c)

Resistance

d)

Action potentials

23.

the end of a neuron that make synaptic connections with another nerve cell or with an effector cell (e.g. muscle cell or gland cell) through the use of neurotransmitter release

(a)  

24.

longer process that carries the information away from the cell in the form of a bioelectric signal (impulse)

(a)  

25.

chemical that an axon secretes, into a synaptic cleft, that stimulates or inhibits an effector or other neuron

(a)  

26.
What system promotes the "fight-or-flight" response?
a)
sympathetic nervous system
b)
parasympathetic nervous system
c)
somatic nervous system
d)
relex arc
27.
What type of cells carry impulses within the CNS?
a)
receptors
b)
effectors
c)
interneurons
d)
motor neurons
28.
The brain and spinal cord make up the ______ nervous system.
a)
central
b)
peripheral
c)
distal
d)
lateral
29.
Na+ ions flow into a cell in order to cause ______.
a)
depolarization
b)
repolarization
c)
hyperpolarization
d)
reuptake
30.
Conduction along a myelinated axon is called _____.
a)
synaptic conduction
b)
postsynaptic conduction
c)
saltatory conduction
d)
presynaptic conduction
31.

The part of the neuron that picks up stimuli from surrounding cells.

a)

axon

b)

axon terminal

c)

dendrite

d)

neuron

32.

At resting potential, the ion distribution inside and outside of a neuron is such that _______ ions are most abundant outside of the cell, while _______ ions are most abundant on the inside of the cell.

a)

potassium, sodium

b)

sodium, potassium

c)

calcium, potassium

d)

calcium, sodium

33.

At resting potential, the ion distribution inside and outside of a neuron is such that _______ ions are most abundant outside of the cell, while _______ ions are most abundant on the inside of the cell.

a)

potassium, sodium

b)

sodium, potassium

c)

calcium, potassium

d)

calcium, sodium

34.

In the figure above, what is occurring at step #4?

a)

Neuron receives enough stimulation, threshold is reached

b)

K+ (potassium) open and NA+ channels open, action potential begins

c)

K+ (potassium) channels open allowing K+ to diffuse out, repolarizing the membrane

d)

Na+ are being pumped out and the K+ are being pumped into the cell

35.

What is the structure labeled C in the picture?

a)

dendrite

b)

axon

c)

cell body

d)

axon terminal

36.

What is the structure labeled H in the picture?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Schwann cell

c)

Node of Ranvier

d)

myelin sheath

37.

Which number on the graph represents the resting state?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

38.

When a neuron is depolarized, what are the first channels to open?

a)

sodium gated channels

b)

potassium gated channels

c)

sodium and potassium gated channels open at the same time

d)

both sodium and potassium gated channels are already open, as it is passive transport

39.

When a neuron is resting, the inside of the axon has a ________ charge.

a)

positive

b)

negative

c)

neutral

40.

-70 mV is the measure of the ______.

a)

threshold potential

b)

action potential

c)

resting state/potential

d)

end point potential

41.

An action potential going from positive to negative is called______.

a)

hyperpolarization

b)

depolarization

c)

repolarization

d)

polarization

42.

What number on the graph represents the depolarization phase?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

e)

5

43.

What number on the graph represents the hyperpolarization phase?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

e)

5

44.

Saltatory conduction is faster than regular conduction.

a)

true

b)

False

45.

What does the myelin sheath do during saltatory conduction?

a)

allow Na+ channels to open more easily

b)

prevents polarization

c)

makes the action potential jump

d)

nothing occurs; there is no change

46.

What number on the graph represents the period where action potential is occurring?

a)

1,2

b)

2,3

c)

3,4

d)

4,5

47.

What structure is needed for saltatory conduction?

a)

A

b)

E

c)

C

d)

F

48.

Which of the following is not part of the peripheral nervous system?

a)

Cranial nerves

b)

Spinal nerves

c)

The autonomic nervous system

d)

Spinal cord

49.

Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes share a common function.

a)

True

b)

False

50.

Gray matter is gray because it does not have myelin.

a)

True

b)

False

51.

The outer membrane of a Schwann cell is called the

a)

neurilemma

b)

myelin

c)

node of Ranvier.

d)

glia

52.

Saltatory conduction

a)

is called “saltatory” because it is caused by sodium chloride.

b)

is much slower than nonsaltatory conduction.

c)

occurs only in the dendrites.

d)

occurs only in the axons.

53.

Which type of glia cell produces myelin for cells in the brain?

a)

microglia

b)

Oligodendrocytes

c)

astrocytes

d)

neurolemma

54.

Sensory neurons are also called

a)

efferent neurons

b)

afferent neurons

c)

interneurons

d)

glia cells

55.

Axons:

a)

A usually branched

b)

Carry nerve impulses to the cell body

c)

Carry nerve impulses away from the cell body

d)

Have receptors for neurotransmitters

56.
Which ions are involved in an action potential?
a)
Na; Cl
b)
Na; K
c)
K; Cl
d)
Na; Ca
57.
The brain's supporting cells are called: 
a)
glial cells
b)
mitochondria
c)
neurons
d)
nuclei
58.
What is the correct steps of action potential?
1.  sodium ions diffuse inward; the membrane becomes depolarized
2.  sodium channels open
3. potassium ions diffuse outward while sodium is actively transported out of the cell; the membrane becomes repolarized
4. potassium channels open
a)
2,1,4,3
b)
1,2,3,4,
c)
4,3,2,1,
d)
3,2,4,1,
59.

The three main activities performed by the nervous system to maintain homeostasis are sensory, motor and

a)

secretion

b)

visual

c)

intergration

d)

temperature control

60.

The cells that support nervous tissue function and form about 90% of the substance of the brain are called

a)

neuroglia

b)

schwann cells

c)

neurons

d)

fibroblasts

61.

White matter in nervous tissue receives its coloration from

a)

neuroglia

b)

myelin sheaths

c)

neurilemma

d)

dendtrites

62.

A neuron that conducts an impulse away from the CNS is called a/an

a)

unipolar neuron

b)

motor neuron

c)

sensory neuron

d)

association neuron

63.

The gap between two communicating neurons is termed:

a)

synaptic cleft

b)

cell body

c)

effector

d)

Schwann cell

e)

node of Ranvier

64.

The ability to respond to a stimulus is termed:

a)

polarized

b)

irritability

c)

depolarized

d)

conductivity

e)

all-or-none response

65.

When your sympathetic nervous system is very active, which of the following would happen?

a)

heart rate decreases

b)

sweat increases

c)

immune system response increases

d)

digestion increases

66.

Which of the following is TRUE?

a)

Parasympathetic nervous system is known as the “fight or flight” response.

b)

Norepinephrine and adrenaline are neurotransmitters used by the parasympathetic nervous system to relax the body.

c)

Digestion and immune response increase when the parasympathetic nervous system is active.

d)

Sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the nervous system are part of the somatic nervous system.

67.

When your parasympathetic nervous system is very active, which of the following would happen?

a)

heart rate decreases

b)

sweat increases

c)

immune system response decreases

d)

digestion decreases

68.

Which types of neurons make up the Peripheral Nervous System?

a)

sensory and interneurons

b)

motor and sensory neurons

c)

interneurons and motor neurons

d)

only interneurons

69.

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the somatic nervous system?

a)

it controls involuntary actions

b)

it controls voluntary actions

c)

it activates the “rest or digest” response

d)

it actives the “fight or flight” response

70.

Which action would activate the sympathetic nervous system the most?

a)

throwing a ball

b)

walking

c)

being chased by a bear

d)

eating breakfast

71.

A decreased heart rate is a sign of which nervous system division?

a)

parasympathetic

b)

somatic

c)

sensory

d)

sympathetic

72.

Why do people get sleepy after eating a big meal?

a)

The sugar from food stimulates the sympathetic nervous system.

b)

Digestion is increased by the parasympathetic nervous system, which also relaxes the body.

c)

The body needs to maintain homeostasis of blood sugar concentration, so the body shuts down.

d)

The body switches over to the parasympathetic system because the sympathetic system has been active for too long.

73.

Which one coordinates the inner organs?

a)

somatic nervous system

b)

autonomic nervous system

74.
You're giving a speech in front of the class (most of you would feel this)
a)
sympathetic
b)
parasympathetic
75.

Output travels along which pathway?

a)

Efferent

b)

Afferent

c)

Effector

d)

Affector

76.

Messages about stimuli travel to the central nervous system along which pathway?

a)

Efferent

b)

Afferent

c)

Effector

d)

Affector

77.

Which of these best describes glial cells?

a)

The cells that send signals to the brain

b)

Cells that support the neurons

c)

Any cell in the nervous system

d)

Cells that make muscles move

78.

If we did not have this type of cell, bacteria could more easily infiltrate our brain tissue:

a)

Satellite cells

b)

Oligodendrocytes

c)

Microglia

d)

Schwann cells

79.

Which type of cell is located between neurons and capillaries to control what enters the cells from the blood?

a)

Astrocytes

b)

Oligodendrocytes

c)

Schwann cells

d)

Satellite cells

80.

Which type of cell is circled?

a)

Schwann cells

b)

Astrocytes

c)

Microglia

d)

Ependymal cells

81.

Which type of glial cells form a protective barrier around the brain and spinal cord tissues?

a)

Microglia

b)

Oligodendrocytes

c)

Schwann cells

d)

Ependymal cells

82.

Which two types of cells produce myelin coverings around the nerves?

a)

Microglia and astrocytes

b)

Schwann cells and satellite cells

c)

Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes

d)

Oligodendrocytes and astrocytes

83.

Which type of cells provide protective cushioning around the neuron cell body?

a)

Microglia

b)

Satellite cells

c)

Neural cells

d)

Ependymal cells

84.

Which type of glial cells are found in the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

a)

Astrocytes

b)

Microglia

c)

Schwann cells

d)

Oligodendrocytes

85.

Which type of cells are found in the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

a)

Astrocytes

b)

Microglia

c)

Ependymal cells

d)

All of these

86.

Support cells for the neurons that hold them in place and provide nutrients to keep the neurons healthy

a)

Axon

b)

Cell Body

c)

Dendrite

d)

Glial cell

e)

Microglial cell

87.
Align along axons and provide insulating layers of myelin in the brain and spinal cord.
a)
microglia 
b)
astrocytes
c)
ependymal cells
d)
oligodendrocytes
88.
Gaps in the myelin sheath.
a)
nodes of Ranvier
b)
axon endings 
c)
synapse
d)
neurotransmitters
89.
conduct impulses from peripheral body parts to the brain or spinal cord.
a)
motor neurons
b)
sensory neurons
c)
interneurons
d)
microglia
90.
Conduct impulses from one part of the brain or spinal cord to another part of the brain or spinal cord.
a)
motor neurons
b)
sensory neurons
c)
interneurons
d)
microglia
91.
are multipolar and conduct impulses out of the brain or spinal cord to effectors.
a)
motor neurons
b)
sensory neurons
c)
interneurons
d)
microglia
92.

The location of neurotransmitters

a)

axon terminals

b)

dendrites

c)

Schwann cells

d)

cell body

93.
Which part of the actions at the synapse is identified in the diagram?
a)
Calcium entering
b)
Reuptake of neurotransmitters
c)
Release of neurotransmitters
d)
Neurotransmitter binding to receptors
94.

If I step on a nail...what type of neuron take that signal TO the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM?

a)

interneurons

b)

motor

c)

sensory

d)

receptors

95.

If I step on a nail...what type of neurons send the response from the brain to my muscles?

a)

motor

b)

interneurons

c)

sensory

d)

not neurons, muscle tissue sends the response

96.

When multiple graded potentials meet at the axon hillock at the same time from a variety of locations in the receptive region.

a)

hyperpolarization

b)

Spatial summation

c)

temporal summation

d)

saltatory conduction

97.

The sodium channels close and the potassium channels are open. The membrane potential drops from 30mV to -70mV

a)

depolarization

b)

hyperpolarization

c)

repolarization

d)

resting state

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