WorksheetsBiology Unit 2 - Chapter 17.1-17.2
Total questions: 42
Worksheet time: 21mins
The nervous system is responsible for:
controlling and coordinating body activities
digesting food
circulating blood
producing hormones
The nervous system in most animals, including humans, is divided into two anatomical divisions. Name them.
The two anatomical divisions of the nervous system are the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
The two anatomical divisions of the nervous system are the central nervous system (CNS) and the autonomic nervous system (ANS).
The two anatomical divisions of the nervous system are the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the autonomic nervous system (ANS).
The two anatomical divisions of the nervous system are the central nervous system (CNS) and the enteric nervous system (ENS).
Name the three classes of neurons.
The three classes of neurons are sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons.
The three classes of neurons are sensory neurons, motor neurons, and glial cells.
The three classes of neurons are sensory neurons, motor neurons, and astrocytes.
The three classes of neurons are sensory neurons, motor neurons, and oligodendrocytes.
The four parts of a neuron are:
Dendrites, Axon, Cell Body, Synapse
Nucleus, Ribosome, Mitochondria, Golgi Apparatus
Heart, Brain, Lungs, Liver
Protons, Neutrons, Electrons, Nucleus
What is the function of an axon?
To receive signals from other neurons.
To conduct nerve impulses away from the cell body.
To release neurotransmitters.
Fill in the blank: The ends of axons that release neurotransmitters to communicate with other cells are called _________.
Axon-Synaptic Terminals
Dendrites
Cell Bodies
Myelin Sheaths
The role of myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system is to:
protect nerve fibers
increase the speed of nerve impulse conduction
provide nutrients to neurons
connect neurons to blood vessels
In the central nervous system, myelin is formed by _________.
oligodendrocytes
astrocytes
microglia
Schwann cells
The two types of nervous tissue in the CNS are:
Neurons and Glial cells
Axons and Dendrites
White matter and Grey matter
Sensory and Motor neurons
Which type of nervous tissue contains cell bodies and short, nonmyelinated fibers?
Gray matter
White matter
Voltage, which is expressed in millivolts (mV), is a measure of the electrical difference between _________.
two points
two currents
two resistors
two capacitors
What happens when an axon is not conducting an impulse?
The axon is at rest and maintains a resting potential.
The axon is actively transmitting a signal.
The axon is undergoing depolarization.
The axon is undergoing repolarization.
What is the potential recorded across the axonal membrane when an axon is not conducting an impulse?
-70 millivolts
0 millivolts
+70 millivolts
The importance of Nodes of Ranvier in nerve regeneration is:
They speed up nerve impulse transmission.
They provide structural support to nerves.
They are involved in the repair and regeneration of nerve fibers.
They help in the production of neurotransmitters.
What is the charge inside the axon compared to the outside?
Positive
Negative
Neutral
Resting potential is maintained by which of the following mechanisms?
Sodium-potassium pumps
Calcium channels
Chloride pumps
During depolarization, the membrane potential changes from ______ to ______ millivolts.
-70 to +35
-60 to +40
-80 to +30
-50 to +50
What is the term for the rapid change in polarity across an axonal membrane as a nerve impulse occurs?
Resting potential
Action potential
Threshold potential
Which type of gated channel proteins are required for action potential?
Gated sodium (Na+) channels
Gated potassium (K+) channels
Both A and B
What happens in nonmyelinated axons during the conduction of an action potential?
The action potential jumps from node to node.
The action potential travels continuously along the axon.
The action potential is blocked by myelin sheaths.
The action potential is faster than in myelinated axons.
As soon as an action potential has moved on, the previous section undergoes a ____.
Refractory period
Depolarization
Hyperpolarization
Resting state
During the refractory period, what are the sodium gates unable to do?
Open
Close
Reset
Inactivate
What restores the previous ion distribution by pumping Na+ outside the axon and K+ inside?
Sodium-potassium pump
Calcium channel
Voltage-gated ion channel
Ligand-gated ion channel
In myelinated axons, where are the gated ion channels concentrated?
At the nodes of Ranvier
Evenly distributed along the axon
At the axon hillock
In the internodal regions
The term for the tiny gap that separates two neurons at a synapse is:
Axon
Dendrite
Synaptic cleft
Myelin sheath
Excitatory signals have a (a) effect.
What are the best known neurotransmitters?
Dopamine and Serotonin
Acetylcholine (ACh) and norepinephrine (NE)
GABA and Glutamate
ACh is broken down by ________.
acetylcholinesterase.
lipase.
amylase.
protease.
List the basic components of cell signaling.
Receptors, Ligands, Signal Transduction Pathways, Cellular Responses
Nucleus, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Endoplasmic Reticulum
DNA, RNA, Proteins, Lipids
Cell Wall, Chloroplast, Vacuole, Cytoplasm
The basic structure of a neuron includes a cell body, dendrites, and an axon. Which of the following correctly compares the functions of three classes of neurons?
Sensory neurons carry signals to the brain, motor neurons carry signals from the brain, and interneurons connect sensory and motor neurons.
Motor neurons carry signals to the brain, sensory neurons carry signals from the brain, and interneurons connect motor and sensory neurons.
Interneurons carry signals to the brain, sensory neurons carry signals from the brain, and motor neurons connect sensory and interneurons.
Sensory neurons connect motor neurons, motor neurons connect interneurons, and interneurons carry signals to the brain.
Contrast the roles of neurons and neuroglia in nervous systems. Neurons are responsible for generating and transmitting electrical signals (action potentials) to carry information throughout the body. In contrast, neuroglia (glial cells) primarily provide structural support and nourishment for neurons.
Neurons generate and transmit electrical signals, while neuroglia provide support and nourishment.
Neurons provide support and nourishment, while neuroglia generate and transmit electrical signals.
Both neurons and neuroglia generate and transmit electrical signals.
Both neurons and neuroglia provide support and nourishment.
The structure, function, and locations of myelin are:
a. Myelin is a fatty substance that surrounds nerve fibers, functioning to insulate and protect them, and is found in the central and peripheral nervous systems.
b. Myelin is a protein that forms the main component of muscle tissue, providing strength and flexibility, and is located in the muscular system.
c. Myelin is a carbohydrate that serves as an energy source for cells, primarily found in the digestive system.
d. Myelin is a mineral that contributes to bone density and is located in the skeletal system.
Membrane potential is defined using the concentration of which ions?
Sodium and potassium ions
Calcium and chloride ions
Magnesium and sulfate ions
Hydrogen and bicarbonate ions
Compare and contrast resting and action potentials. Resting potential is a stable, negative electrical charge across a neuron’s membrane when it’s not actively sending signals (when the cell is at rest). Action potential is essentially a “spike” of electrical activity that occurs when a neuron transmits information along its axon, moving from a negative to positive change and then back again.
Resting potential is stable and negative, while action potential is a spike of electrical activity.
Resting potential is a spike of electrical activity, while action potential is stable and negative.
Both resting and action potentials are stable and negative.
Both resting and action potentials are spikes of electrical activity.
Summarize the activities that generate and propagate an action potential. An action potential is generated when a stimulus makes the neuron reach its threshold, opening the sodium potassium channels. Sodium rushes in, causing depolarization, which spreads down the axon. Then, sodium channels close and potassium channels open, letting potassium out to repolarize the membrane. The neuron briefly hyperpolarizes before returning to rest. The signal travels to the axon terminal, where neurotransmitters are released.
An action potential is generated when a stimulus makes the neuron reach its threshold, opening the sodium potassium channels.
Sodium rushes in, causing depolarization, which spreads down the axon.
Sodium channels close and potassium channels open, letting potassium out to repolarize the membrane.
The neuron briefly hyperpolarizes before returning to rest.
The structure and function of a synapse can be described as:
A junction between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released to transmit nerve impulses.
A part of the neuron that receives signals from other neurons.
The main body of the neuron that contains the nucleus.
A long fiber that carries impulses away from the cell body.
Describe the transmission of signal across a synapse. When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, calcium ions enter, causing neurotransmitters to be released into the synaptic cleft. These neurotransmitters cross the gap and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. This binding generates a new electrical signal that can either excite or inhibit the postsynaptic neuron, depending on the neurotransmitter.
Calcium ions enter the axon terminal, causing neurotransmitters to be released into the synaptic cleft.
Neurotransmitters cross the gap and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron.
This binding generates a new electrical signal that can either excite or inhibit the postsynaptic neuron.
All of the above.
Which ion is primarily responsible for the depolarization phase of an action potential?
Sodium (Na+)
Chloride (Cl-)
Potassium (K+)
Calcium (Ca2+)
What is the role of myelin in the nervous system?
To slow down nerve impulse transmission
To connect neurons to blood vessels
To insulate axons and speed up nerve impulse transmission
To produce neurotransmitters
Which part of the neuron is primarily responsible for receiving signals from other neurons?
Synapse
Cell body
Dendrites
Axon
What is the refractory period of a neuron?
A brief period of time following an action potential where the neuron is unable to fire another action potential
The rapid method by which nerve impulses move down a myelinated axon
When the neuron misfires
What is saltatory conduction?
The whole process stops and repeats because something went wrong and the signal couldn't be transmitted.
Rapid transmission of nerve impulses along a myelinated axon, where the electrical signal "jumps" from one gap in the myelin sheath (node of Ranvier) to the next
Rapid transmission of nerve impulses along a myelinated axon where the electrical signal moves outside the axon.
