interconnectedness and integration of economies, societies, and cultures across borders, driven by technological advancements and economic interdependence

Scholars like ______ (1992) describe it as a growing awareness of global interconnectedness

_____________ emphasize the concept of a

"borderless" global comlmunity

_____________ notes globalization as a set of complex social processes that enhance interdependence and global interaction

What is an example of a global governance institution handling financial stability?

What principle is central to the Global Interstate System?

Which event signifies a major global security threat?

How does technology influence global governance?

How does digital diplomacy affect international relations?

What is a key feature of multipolarity in global governance?

What is the primary function of the Global Interstate System?

Which global organization facilitates international trade agreements?

Which economic alliance is an example of regional economic cooperation?

What is the primary challenge of the Westphalian model of sovereignty today?

Which of the following is a key institution in global governance?

What is a significant challenge to the Global Interstate System?

Why is the Paris Agreement significant in global governance?

What is an example of economic interdependence in the Global Interstate System?

2. According to Webster, globalization is primarily driven by:

1. What is the best definition of globalization?

3. Which scholar described globalization as a growing awareness of global interconnectedness?

4. When did the term "globalization" become widely used?

5. What organization highlights the dual impact of globalization, integrating some countries while leaving others behind?

7. What is the main driver of economic dominance according to Hutton and Giddens?

9. What is "McDonaldization" an example of in globalization?

11. According to Thomas Friedman, what shapes global markets in a "leaderless" way?

13. Francis Fukuyama argues that globalization contributes to the spread of:

H

Which historical period marked the rise of capitalism?

What is the primary role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF)?

Which trade agreement includes Canada, Mexico, and the United States?

What does the World Bank primarily do?

According to world-systems theory, which group of countries dominates global trade?

What is a characteristic of semi-peripheral countries?

What is the primary impact of globalization on the global economy?

What economic system is based on government control of production and distribution?

What does "division of labor" refer to?

How can developing countries improve their position in the global economy?

Globalization is rooted in the neoliberal ideology advocating free markets as the basis for a prosperous global order.

Market globalism portrays globalization as an unstoppable force driven by technology and economic integration.

A central claim is that no single entity—whether governments or corporations—controls globalization.

Advocates highlight the positive aspects of globalization, including expanded trade, investment,

technology transfer, and improved living standards.

Francis Fukuyama (2000) notes a correlation between economic development and democracy,

with globalization fostering conditions for democratic governance.

Giddens (1991) describes globalization

as intensifying global connections, where local events are shaped by distant happenings

Steger elaborates on the multidimensional nature o f globalization, involving social, economic, and cultural processes that foster a sense of global connectedness.

Freeden (2003) argues that globalization is not merely an ideology but a process that impacts physical and mental dimensions worldwide.

Advances in science, technology, and knowledge are pivotal in determining a nation's economic and social progress.

Refers to the increasing sameness in the world as cultural inputs, economic factors, and political orientations of societies expand to create common practices, same economies, and similar forms of government.

Creation of various cultural practices, new economies, and political groups because of the interaction of elements from different societies in the world.

Refers to the interconnected economic activities of countries worldwide.

Involves trade, finance, production, and labor across national borders.

• Shapes global development, wealth distribution, and economic policies.

Long-distance trade flourished (e.g., Venice- Netherlands trade, wool industry in Flanders and Florence).

Industrialization led to the expansion of global markets.

Formation of international financial institutions and more complex trade relationships.

Provides financial and technical assistance for economic development

Stabilizes exchange rates and offers financial aid

Regulates global trade and resolves disputes

EU, NAFTA (now USMCA), ASEAN, etc., influence trade and economic policies.

Focuses on international organizations and trade policies

Examines how countries and firms compete in global market

Considers consumer behavior, activism, and resistance to globalization.

Highly industrialized, economically dominant (e.g., U.S., Germany, Japan)

Emerging economies with mixed industrialization (e.g., China, Brazil, India)

Less industrialized, supply raw materials, and rely on core nations (e.g., African nations)

Specialization in production improves efficiency but leads to economic inequality

refers to the unification of separate markets

into a single economic system where goods, labor, and capital move

freely

It is a key aspect of globalization, influencing trade, investments,

and economic policies

Digital platforms, AI, and blockchain enhance global trade efficiency

E-commerce and fintech facilitate borderless transactions

Regional blocs (EU, USMCA, RCEP, AfCFTA) enhance intra-regional

trade

Free trade agreements (FTAs) reduce tariffs and barriers

Just-in-time (JIT) and nearshoring strategies influence trade patterns.

COVID-19 and geopolitical tensions have led to reshoring &

diversification of supply chains

Global capital markets are more interconnected (cryptocurrency, digital

assets)

Institutions like the IMF & World Bank help integrate developing

economies.

US-China trade tensions, Brexit, and sanctions disrupt global

supply chains.

Countries imposing tariffs, subsidies, and import restrictions

(e.g., “America First” policies).

While markets integrate, wage gaps between developing &

developed economies persist.

Data privacy laws (GDPR, China’s PIPL) create compliance

hurdles.

Taxation & competition policies differ across regions.

may reduce low-skilled jobs but create demand for tech-savvy workers.

Carbon tariffs (e.g., EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism) reshape global trade.

Sustainable finance and ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) drive new investment patterns.

challenge traditional banking models.

reduce reliance on centralized financial systems