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WorksheetsCognitive Psychology Practice-Exam #3
Total questions: 40
Worksheet time: 20mins
Which approach to categorization determines category membership based on whether an item meets the definition of the category?
Prototype approach
Exemplar approach
Definitional approach
Semantic network approach
What is a primary issue with the definitional approach to categorization?
It does not account for typicality
Some categories do not lend themselves to feature analysis
It does not allow for hierarchical organization
It only applies to animals and objects
In the prototype approach, a prototype is best described as:
A single best example of a category
A list of all category members
The first member of a category learned
An arbitrary selection of category members
Which of the following is a characteristic of high-typicality category members?
They are more affected by priming
They are verified more slowly
They have fewer shared attributes with other category members
They are remembered less frequently
The exemplar approach to categorization suggests that category membership is determined by:
A strict set of rules
Comparing items to stored examples of category members
A single prototype
A neural network process
In hierarchical organization, which category level is typically named first and identified fastest?
Global level
Basic level
Specific level
Abstract level
According to the semantic network approach, concepts are represented as:
A strict linear hierarchy
Interconnected nodes
Randomly stored memories
Unstructured groups
Which principle of the connectionist network explains why damage to one area does not completely eliminate function?
Semantic priming
Cognitive economy
Graceful degradation
Symbolic distance effect
Visual imagery is defined as:
The ability to recognize real-world objects
"Seeing" in the absence of a visual stimulus
The ability to dream vividly
The capacity for abstract thought
Which cognitive process involves scanning an image in the mind as if looking at a real image?
Symbolic distance effect
Mental rotation
Mental scanning
Propositional representation
Which effect supports the idea that mental images are spatial?
Faster response times for objects closer to the focal point
The ability to recognize words faster in context
Increased accuracy in defining category members
The tendency to misremember objects
The pegword technique is used to:
Categorize concepts more efficiently
Create visual associations for memory
Improve language comprehension
Identify phonemes
Which of the following is NOT a key feature of language?
It is hierarchical
It is rule-governed
It is exclusive to humans
It allows for communication
Phonemes are best defined as:
The smallest units of speech sound
The smallest meaningful units of language
The rules governing sentence structure
The organization of words in a lexicon
A lexicon is:
The smallest unit of sound
A network of related meanings
A mental dictionary of known words
The process of categorizing speech sounds
The word frequency effect states that:
High-frequency words are processed faster than low-frequency words
Low-frequency words are remembered more easily
All words are processed at the same speed
Phonemes determine word processing speed
What is lexical ambiguity?
The difficulty in identifying words in a sentence
When words have multiple meanings
The process of recognizing words in a noisy environment
A misinterpretation of a spoken sentence
Which of the following is an example of a garden path sentence?
"The dog barked at the stranger."
"The horse raced past the barn fell."
"She went to the store and bought milk."
"They arrived late and missed the meeting."
Which model suggests that listeners use syntax heuristics to parse sentences?
Constraint-based model
Garden path model
Connectionist model
Exemplar model
Syntactic priming refers to:
The increased likelihood of using a similar grammatical structure
The tendency to misunderstand ambiguous sentences
The improvement of comprehension with repeated exposure
The failure to identify phonemes in spoken words
Which of the following improves speech segmentation?
Hearing words in isolation
Learning common sound co-occurrences
Increasing reading comprehension
Reducing exposure to new languages
The symbolic distance effect states that:
Smaller objects are perceived faster than larger ones
Mental rotation takes longer for greater angles
The more different two stimuli are, the faster the judgment
The frequency of a word determines processing speed
Which method uses familiar locations to aid memory?
Pegword technique
Lexical priming
Method of loci
Constraint-based approach
What is cognitive economy in semantic networks?
A hierarchy where properties are stored once at a higher-level node
A system that organizes words based on frequency
A theory stating that knowledge is stored randomly
A tendency to remember high-frequency words better
Which approach to categorization relies on stored examples?
Prototype approach
Exemplar approach
Semantic network approach
Cognitive economy
Which technique improves memory by linking words to familiar sounds?
Sentence verification technique
Pegword technique
Priming
Speech segmentation
Which of the following is a propositional representation?
A mental image of a map
A verbal description of a route
The ability to rotate a shape mentally
The visualization of a pathway
Which sentence violates the given-new contract?
"The professor assigned new homework today."
"I saw a movie last night. The ending was surprising."
"Did you know about the secret tunnel under the school?"
"The student failed the test. There is a quiz tomorrow."
What is an effect of spreading activation?
Faster response times for related concepts
Improved lexical decision performance
Increased accuracy in speech segmentation
Decreased reliance on prototypes
Which sentence is more difficult to parse due to memory load?
"The senator who the reporter spotted shouted."
"The senator who spotted the reporter shouted."
"She called her friend."
"They ate lunch at the cafe."
Visual imagery can be confused with perception.
True
False
High-typicality category members are identified more slowly.
True
False
Speech segmentation is improved through experience.
True
False
Mental scanning supports the idea that images are spatial.
True
False
Lexical ambiguity means a word has only one meaning.
True
False
A garden path sentence is initially misleading.
True
False
Parsing is the process of organizing words into meaningful phrases.
True
False
Spreading activation occurs only in hierarchical networks.
True
False
The method of loci is an imagery-based memory technique.
True
False
Syntactic priming decreases sentence comprehension.
True
False
