A nurse who works in an oncology clinic is assessing a client who has arrived for a 2-month follow-up appointment following chemotherapy. The nurse notes that the client's skin appears yellow. Which blood tests should be done to further explore this clinical sign?

The nurse is conducting a health education about cancer prevention to a group of adults. What menu best demonstrates dietary choices for potentially reducing the risks of cancer?

Which nursing action best demonstrates primary cancer prevention?

A woman with a family history of breast cancer received a positive result on a breast tumor marking test and is requesting a bilateral mastectomy. This surgery is an example of which type of oncologic surgery?

The nurse is caring for a client who is to begin receiving external radiation for a malignant tumor of the neck. While providing client education, what potential adverse effects should the nurse discuss with the client?

While a client is receiving intravenous (IV) doxorubicin hydrochloride for the treatment of cancer, the nurse observes swelling and pain at the IV site. The nurse should prioritize which action?

A client newly diagnosed with cancer is scheduled to begin chemotherapy treatment and the nurse is providing anticipatory guidance about potential adverse effects. When addressing the most common adverse effect, what should the nurse describe?

A client on the oncology unit is receiving carmustine, a chemotherapy agent, and the nurse is aware that a significant side effect of this medication is thrombocytopenia. Which symptom should the nurse assess for in clients at risk for thrombocytopenia?

The nurse manager is orienting a new nurse to the oncology unit. When reviewing the safe administration of antineoplastic agents, which action should the nurse manager emphasize?

A nurse provides care on a bone marrow transplant unit and is preparing a client for a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) the following day. Which information should the nurse emphasize to the client's family and friends?

Which type of cancer is the leading cause of death in the United States?

The nurse on a bone marrow transplant unit is caring for a client with cancer who has just begun hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). What is the priority nursing diagnosis for this client?

While on spring break, a 22-year-old client was taken to the hospital for heat stroke and alcohol poisoning. The client is worried and states that a biopsy was taken and showed "some kind of benign condition." Which response by the nurse would be best?

A client with terminal small-cell lung cancer has been given a six-month prognosis and wants to die at home. The health care team believes the condition warrants inpatient care. The nurse might suggest which compromise?

The clinic nurse is caring for an adult oncology client who reports extreme fatigue and weakness after the first week of radiation therapy. Which response by the nurse would best reassure this client?

A 16-year-old female client has post-chemotherapy alopecia. This prompts the nursing diagnoses of Disturbed Body Image and Situational Low Self-Esteem. Which response by the client would best indicate improved coping related to these diagnoses?

An adult client with leukemia will soon begin chemotherapy. What would the nurse do to combat the most common adverse effects of chemotherapy?

A client has been hospitalized for a wedge resection of the left lower lung lobe after a routine chest x-ray showed carcinoma. The client reports feeling anxious and asks to smoke. Which statement by the nurse would be most therapeutic?

An oncology nurse educator is providing health education to a client who has been diagnosed with skin cancer. The client's wife has asked about the differences between normal cells and cancer cells. What characteristic of a cancer cell should the educator cite?

A client's most recent diagnostic imaging has revealed that lung cancer has metastasized to the bones and liver. What is the most likely mechanism by which the client's cancer cells spread?

The nurse is describing some of the major characteristics of cancer to a client who has recently received a diagnosis of malignant melanoma. When differentiating between benign and malignant cancer cells, the nurse should explain differences in which of the following aspects? Select all that apply.

When discussing with a client factors that distinguish malignant cells from benign cells of the same tissue type, which characteristic should the nurse mention?

The nurse is performing an initial assessment of a 75-year-old client who has just relocated to the long-term care facility. During the nurse's interview with the client, the client admits drinking around 600 mL (20 oz) of vodka every evening. What types of cancer does this put the client at risk for? Select all that apply.

A public health nurse has formed an interdisciplinary team that is developing an educational program entitled Cancer: The Risks and What You Can Do About Them. Participants will receive information, but the major focus will be screening for relevant cancers. This program is an example of what type of health promotion activity?

A 62-year-old woman diagnosed with breast cancer is scheduled for a partial mastectomy. The oncology nurse explained that the surgeon will want to take tissue samples to ensure the disease has not spread to adjacent axillary lymph nodes. The client has asked if they will have her lymph nodes dissected, like her mother did several years ago. What alternative to lymph node dissection will this client most likely undergo?

The nurse is caring for a client who has just been told that the client’s stage IV colon cancer has recurred and metastasized to the liver. The oncologist offers the client the option of surgery to treat the progression of this disease. What type of surgery does the oncologist offer?

The nurse is caring for a client with an advanced stage of breast cancer and the client has recently learned that the cancer has metastasized. The nurse enters the room and finds the client struggling to breathe, and the nurse's rapid assessment reveals that the client's jugular veins are distended. The nurse should suspect the development of what oncologic emergency?

Which intervention should the nurse teach a client who is at risk for hypercalcemia?

A client with a diagnosis of prostate cancer is scheduled to have an interstitial implant for high-dose radiation (HDR). What safety measure should the nurse include in this client's plan of care?

The home health nurse is performing a home visit for an oncology client discharged three days ago after completing chemotherapy treatment for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The nurse's priority assessment should include examination for the signs and symptoms of which complication?

The nurse is admitting an oncology client to the unit prior to surgery. The nurse reads in the electronic health record that the client has just finished radiation therapy. With knowledge of the consequent health risks, the nurse should prioritize assessments related to what health problem?

The hospice nurse has just admitted a new client to the program. What principle guides hospice care?

A client is hospitalized because a large abdominal tumor was seen on the computed tomography scan. A biopsy is ordered, and the client wants to know if “this will cause a big scar.” Which type of biopsy will this client likely experience?

What is the recommended daily fluid intake for a client to prevent constipation?

A client was diagnosed with cancer several weeks ago and family members describe the client as "utterly distraught." The client has fully withdrawn from social and family contact. What is the nurse's best action?

A client has been diagnosed with breast cancer and is being treated aggressively with a chemotherapeutic regimen. As a result of this regimen, the client has an inability to fight infection because bone marrow is unable to produce a sufficient amount of:

During a mumps outbreak at a local school, a teacher has been exposed. The client has previously been immunized for mumps, and consequently possesses:

A gardener sustained a deep laceration while working and requires sutures. The date of the client's last tetanus shot was over 10 years ago. Based on this information, the client will receive a tetanus immunization, which will allow for the release of which type of substance?

An infection control nurse is presenting an in-service reviewing the immune response. The nurse describes the clumping effect that occurs when an antibody acts like a cross-link between two antigens. What process is the nurse explaining?

A nurse has given an 8-year-old client the scheduled vaccination for rubella. This vaccination will cause the client to develop which expected and desired condition?

A client with a history of dermatitis takes corticosteroids on a regular basis. The nurse should assess the client for which complication of therapy?

A nurse is planning the assessment of a client who is exhibiting signs and symptoms of an autoimmune disorder. The nurse should be aware that the incidence and prevalence of autoimmune diseases is known to be higher among which group?

A client has been brought to the emergency department by the parents after falling through the glass of a patio door, sustaining a laceration. The nurse caring for this client knows that the site of the injury will have an invasion of which type of cell?

A client was scratched by an old tool and developed a virulent staphylococcus infection. During the immune response, circulating lymphocytes containing the antigenic message returned to the nearest lymph node. During what stage of the immune response did this occur?

A client with cystic fibrosis has received a double lung transplant and is now experiencing signs of rejection. Which immune response predominates in this situation?

A client being treated for bacterial pneumonia initially experienced dyspnea and a high fever but now claims to be feeling better and is afebrile. The client is most likely in which stage of the immune response?

The nurse is providing care for a client who has multiple sclerosis. The nurse recognizes the autoimmune etiology of this disease and the potential benefits of what treatment?

A client's injury has initiated an immune response that involves inflammation. What are the first cells to arrive at this client's site of inflammation?

A nurse is planning a client's care and is relating it to normal immune response. During which stage of the immune response do sensitized lymphocytes stimulate some of the resident T and B lymphocytes to enlarge, divide, and proliferate?

The nurse should recognize a client's risk for impaired immune function if the client has undergone surgical removal of which of the following?

A client with hepatitis B has been admitted to the medical intensive care unit with sepsis. Which immunity function was most likely compromised?

A nurse has admitted a client who has been diagnosed with urosepsis. Which immune response predominates in sepsis?

A nurse is reviewing a client's medication administration record in an effort to identify drugs that may contribute to the client's recent immunosuppression. What drug is most likely to have this effect?

A client requires ongoing treatment and infection-control precautions because of an inherited deficit in immune function. The nurse should recognize that this client most likely has which type of immune disorder?

A neonate exhibited some preliminary signs of infection, but the infant's condition resolved spontaneously prior to discharge home from the hospital. This infant's recovery was most likely due to which type of immunity?

A gerontologic nurse is caring for a 78-year-old client who has a diagnosis of pneumonia. Which age-related change increases older adults' susceptibility to respiratory infections?

A nurse is explaining the process by which the body removes cells from circulation after they have performed their physiologic function. The nurse is describing what process?

A client is responding to a microbial invasion and the client's differentiated lymphocytes have begun to function in either a humoral or a cellular capacity. During what stage of the immune response does this occur?

A nurse is reviewing the immune system before planning an immunocompromised client's care. How should the nurse characterize the humoral immune response?

A client is undergoing testing to determine the overall function of the client’s immune system. Which test will best identify the functioning of the client's cellular immune system?

Diagnostic testing has revealed a deficiency in the function of a client's complement system. This client is likely to have an impaired ability to do what action?

A client's current immune response involves the direct destruction of foreign microorganisms. This aspect of the immune response may be performed by which cells?

A nurse is explaining how the humoral and cellular immune responses should be seen as interacting parts of the broader immune system rather than as independent and unrelated processes. What aspect of immune function best demonstrates this?

A nurse is caring for a client who has had a severe antigen–antibody reaction. Which portion of the antigen is involved in binding with the antibody?

A client is being treated for cancer, and the nurse has identified the nursing diagnosis of Risk for Infection Due to Protein Losses. Protein losses inhibit immune response in which way?

A client is vigilant in self-care but is frustrated by a recent history of upper respiratory infections and influenza. Which aspects of the client's lifestyle may have a negative effect on immune response? Select all that apply.

A nurse educator is developing a care plan concerning a risk of infection related to vascular insufficiency. Which disease and/or injury would most likely align with this nursing care plan?

The nurse is completing a focused assessment addressing a client's immune function. What should the nurse prioritize in the physical assessment?

A client's exposure to which microorganism is most likely to trigger a cellular response?

A client was recently exposed to infectious microorganisms and many T lymphocytes are now differentiating into killer T cells. This process characterizes what stage of the immune response?

A client's natural immunity is enhanced by processes that are inherent in the physical and chemical barriers of the body. What is a chemical barrier that enhances natural immunity?

A client is fighting an active infection. What function will cytokines perform in this immune response?

A client has undergone treatment for urosepsis and received high doses of numerous antibiotics during the course of treatment. When planning the client's subsequent care, the nurse should be aware of which potential effect on the client's immune function?

A client's recent diagnostic testing included a total lymphocyte count. The results of this test will allow the care team to gauge what aspect of the client's immunity?

At which stage of life are people most commonly diagnosed with PIDD?

A client with Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is admitted to the medical unit. The nurse caring for the client should prioritize which intervention?

A pediatric nurse is working with an interdisciplinary team and parents to care for a 6-month-old client who has recently been diagnosed with severe combined immune deficiency (SCID). Which treatment is likely of most benefit to this client’s type of primary immune deficiency disease (PIDD)?

A nurse is implementing the care plan of diarrhea related to enteric pathogens of human immunodeficiency virus infections. Which interventions are needed to reach the goal of resuming usual bowel habits? Select all that apply.

The nurse is applying standard precautions in the care of a client who has an immunodeficiency. What are key elements of standard precautions? Select all that apply.

A client with a diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency disease informs the nurse that the client has been experiencing a new onset of a dry cough and occasional shortness of breath. After determining that the client's vital signs are within reference ranges, what action should the nurse take?

A nurse caring for a client who has an immunosuppressive disorder knows that continual monitoring of the client is critical. What is the primary rationale behind the need for continual monitoring?

A nurse is planning the care of a client who requires immunosuppression to ensure engraftment of depleted bone marrow during a transplantation procedure. What is the most important component of infection control in the care of this client?

A home health nurse is caring for a client who has an immunodeficiency. What is the nurse's priority action to help ensure successful outcomes and a favorable prognosis?

Since the emergence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), there have been significant changes in epidemiologic trends. At present, members of which group are most affected by new cases of HIV?

A clinic nurse is caring for a client admitted with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The nurse has assessed that the client is experiencing a progressive decline in cognitive, behavioral, and motor functions. The nurse recognizes that these symptoms are most likely related to the onset of which complication?

A nurse is assessing a client with HIV who has been admitted with pneumonia. In assessing the client, which of the following observations takes immediate priority?

A client has come into the free clinic asking to be tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The client asks the nurse how the test works. The nurse responds that if the testing shows that antibodies to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) virus are present in the blood, this indicates that the client has which of the following?

The nurse is addressing condom use in the context of a health promotion workshop. When discussing the correct use of condoms, which instruction should the nurse give the attendees?

A nurse is planning the care of a client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who is admitted to the unit with Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). Which nursing diagnosis has the highest priority for this client?

A nurse is working with a client who was diagnosed with HIV several months earlier. This client will be considered to have AIDS when the CD4+ T-lymphocyte cell count drops below what threshold?

A client's current antiretroviral regimen includes enfuvirtide (T-20). What dietary counseling will the nurse provide based on the client's medication regimen?

A nurse is performing an admission assessment on a client with stage 3 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). After assessing the client's gastrointestinal system and analyzing the data, which nursing diagnosis is most likely to be the priority?

A client with a recent diagnosis of HIV infection expresses an interest in exploring alternative and complementary therapies. How should the nurse best respond?

A client with HIV infection has begun experiencing severe diarrhea. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention to help alleviate the diarrhea?

A nurse is caring for a client hospitalized with AIDS. A friend comes to visit the client and privately asks the nurse about the risk of contracting HIV when visiting the client. What is the nurse's best response?

A health care provider is taking post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) medications for exposure to a client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Which topics will the health care provider need to understand regarding PEP administration prior to beginning this regimen? Select all that apply.

An 18-year-old client who is pregnant has tested positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and asks the nurse if her baby is going to be born with HIV. Which response by the nurse is the best?

On admission to a medical unit, a client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) tests positive for benzodiazepine. The client denies using this medication. Which medication is likely causing a false-positive result?

A client is in the primary infection stage of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Which statement regarding this client's current health status is most accurate?

A client's primary infection with HIV has subsided and an equilibrium now exists between HIV levels and the client's immune response. This is known as what physiologic state?

A client with a diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency disease informs the nurse that the client has been experiencing a new onset of a dry cough and occasional shortness of breath. After determining that the client's vital signs are within reference ranges, what action should the nurse take?