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SEMI-FINAL EXAM MBD AU

Total questions: 75

Worksheet time: 1hrs 22mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
What is the difference between a polymorphism and a mutation?
a)
a. Mutations only affect A and T bases.
b)
b. Mutations are more frequently present in a population.
c)
c. Polymorphisms are more frequently present in a population.
d)
d. Polymorphisms are easier to detect than mutations.
2.

What is a polymorphism?

a)

The number of genes

b)

A variant in DNA sequence i.e. the number of base repeats

c)

Template DNA

d)

Non of the above

3.

What does RFLP stand for?

a)

Right Fragmented Length of DNA

b)

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism

c)

Restriction Enzyme fragment Polymorphism

4.

What does STR stand for?

a)

Single tandem repeat

b)

Single track DNA repeat

c)

Short Track Rest

d)

Short Tandem Repeat

5.

What does VNTR stand for?

a)

Variable Number Tandem Repeat

b)

Restriction enzyme

c)

Variation in Number DNA

d)

Variable number type repeat

6.
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms
I. are pieces of DNA
II. are all the same size
III. are produced through PCR
IV. are created through the action of restriction enzymes
V. are measured in number of base pairs
a)
I, II, III, IV, and V
b)
I, IV, and V
c)
I, II, and IV
d)
I and IV
7.

Tandem repeats of short DNA sequences (2-5 pairs) with varying numbers of repeats between individuals is called ______________________________.

a)

VNTR

b)

STR

c)

PCR

8.

This is a molecule that cuts DNA at a specific sequence.

a)

restriction enzyme

b)

DNA probe

c)

gene

d)

electrophoresis

9.

DNA sequences with a high degree of polymorphism are ___________________.

a)

least useful for DNA analysis

b)

most useful for DNA analysis

c)

not useful for DNA analysis

10.

VNTR and STR sequences (non coding regions of DNA) are what is used to create a DNA profile.

a)

True

b)

False

11.
Which technique would most likely be used by forensic scientist?
a)
Gene cloning
b)
Gene therapy 
c)
DNA fingerprinting 
d)
Karyotyping 
12.
Which suspect is linked to the crime scene by this DNA analysis
a)
Suspect A
b)
Suspect C
c)
Suspect D
d)
Suspect B
13.
Which two bear species are most closely related?
a)
Bear 1 and Bear 2
b)
Bear 1 and Bear 3
c)
Bear 2 and Bear 3
d)
There’s no way to tell
14.
Based on these results whose blood was found in the blood stain at the crime scene?
a)
Bob
b)
Sue
c)
John
d)
Lisa
15.
Restriction enzymes are used to ___ DNA.
a)
glue together
b)
cut
c)
reconnect
d)
exchange
16.
What is the complementary strand for GGAGTC
a)
GGAGTC
b)
CCACTG
c)
CCTCAG
d)
GGTGAC
17.
This type of DNA testing examines the number of repeats that occur at a particular locus
a)
karyotype
b)
PCR
c)
RLFP
d)
STR
18.

This type of DNA testing involves cutting the DNA into fragments that can later be separated by length

a)

karyotype

b)

PCR

c)

RLFP

19.
What cuts the DNA in RFLP testing?
a)
probes
b)
restriction enzymes
c)
DNA polymerase
d)
heat
20.

Who matches the crime scene DNA?

a)

suspect #1

b)

suspect #2

c)

suspect #3

d)

none of the suspects match the DNA

21.

Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand ATG TGA CAG

a)

TAC TCT GGG

b)

TAC ACT GTC

c)

ATG AAA GCG

d)

AAC CGA TAG

22.

Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand TAG TGA CAG

a)

ATC ACT GTC

b)

ATG TGA CAG

c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
23.

Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand TAG TGG GAG

a)

ATC ACC CTC

b)

ATG TGA CAG

c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
24.

What is DNA sequencing?

a)
DNA sequencing is the process of counting the number of cells in DNA.
b)
DNA sequencing is the process of identifying the shape of DNA molecules.
c)
DNA sequencing is the process of determining the precise order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule.
d)
DNA sequencing is the process of determining the color of DNA molecules.
25.

What is the purpose of DNA sequencing?

a)

DNA sequencing is used to count the number of cells in DNA.

b)

DNA sequencing is used to identify the shape of DNA molecules.

c)

DNA sequencing is used to determine the precise order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule.

d)

DNA sequencing is used to determine the color of DNA molecules.

26.

How does DNA sequencing help in genetic research?

a)

DNA sequencing helps in understanding the structure of proteins.

b)

DNA sequencing helps in identifying genetic mutations.

c)

DNA sequencing helps in determining the size of chromosomes.

d)

DNA sequencing helps in measuring the acidity of DNA molecules.

27.

Which part of Sanger (Cycle) Sequencing is NOT found in regular Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)?

a)

DNA polymerase

b)

Primers

c)

Deoxyribonucleotides (dNTPs)

d)

Dideoxyribonucleotides (ddNTPs)

e)

DNA template

28.

How are deoxyribonucleotides different from dideoxyribonucleotides? Choose all that apply.

a)

Deoxyribonucleotides are used in both PCR and Cycle Sequencing.

b)

Dideoxyribonucleotides are missing an OH group compared to deoxyribonucleotides.

c)

You cannot add new nucleotides to a deoxyribonucleotide.

d)

Deoxyribonucleotides are NOT found in natural living cells.

e)

Dideoxyribonucleotides are labeled with fluorescent tags.

29.

Place the steps of DNA Sequencing below into their correct order.

A. Detection of fluorescence w/ lasers & sensors

B. PCR w/ fluorescent dideoxynucleotides

C. Separate DNA by size w/ gel electrophoresis

D. Match DNA sequence using BLAST database

a)

A, B, C, D

b)

B, C, A, D

c)

B, A, C, D

d)

D, B, C, A

30.

Which of the following is chemical nucleotide sequencing method

a)

Sanger method

b)

Maxam Gilbert method

c)

Edmans method

d)

Automated sequencing method

31.

The principle of Sanger's method relies on

a)

use of chemicals for base specific cleavage

b)

use of dNTPs for chain termination

c)

use of ddNTPs for chain termination

d)

Use of p32 for chain termination

32.

Automated DNA sequencing is an improvement of Sanger's method where

a)

ddNTPs are used for chain termination

b)

PCR is used for making sequencing

c)

Fluorescently labelled dNTPs are used for chain termination

d)

Fluorescently labelled ddNTPs are used for chain termination

33.

luciferase uses the substrate

a)

apyrase

b)

luciferin

c)

oxyluciferin

d)

Pyrophosphate

34.

Write the correct sequence that matches this chromatogram.

(a)  

35.

What is the difference between a deoxynucleotide and a dideoxynucleotide?

a)

A deoxynucleotide is missing a 3'-hydroxyl group on its sugar.

b)

A dideoxynucleotide is missing a 3'- hydroxyl group on its sugar.

c)

A deoxynucleotide is missing a 5'-phosphate group.

d)

A dideoxynucleotide is missing a 5'-phosphate group

36.

What is components are added to the PCR tube for Sanger sequencing. Check all that apply.

a)

DNA sample

b)

taq polymerase

c)

ddNTPs

d)

Primers

e)

dNTPs

37.

When using radioactivity, how many reactions are taking place concurrently in Sanger Sequencing?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

38.

In the Sanger sequencing method, what causes the termination of each chain of DNA?

a)

The incorporation of a deoxynucleotide

b)

When the DNA polymerase encounters a stop codon

c)

The incorporation of a dideoxynucleotide

d)

Denaturation of the double strand

39.

What is it called when the order of DNA nucleotides is determined for a section of DNA?

a)

DNA sequencing

b)

Denaturation

c)

Gel Electrophoresis

d)

DNA replication

40.

Automated DNA sequencing is an improvement of Sanger's method where

a)

ddNTPs are used for chain termination

b)

PCR is used for making sequencing

c)

Fluorescently labelled dNTPs are used for chain termination

d)

Fluorescently labelled ddNTPs are used for chain termination

41.

What is the first step in designing primers for the Sanger method of DNA sequencing? (NIC)

a)

Selecting the DNA polymerase

b)

Identifying the sequence to be amplified

c)

Choosing the fluorescent dideoxynucleotides

d)

Running gel electrophoresis

42.

Which enzyme is crucial for the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in the Sanger method?

a)

Ligase

b)

Restriction enzyme

c)

DNA polymerase

d)

RNA polymerase

43.

What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis in the Sanger sequencing method?

a)

To amplify DNA fragments

b)

To cut DNA into smaller fragments

c)

To separate DNA fragments based on size

d)

To visualize the DNA directly

44.

What role do fluorescent dideoxynucleotides play in the Sanger sequencing method? (NIC)

a)

They cut the DNA into smaller pieces.

b)

They amplify the DNA fragments.

c)

They terminate DNA synthesis and allow for detection.

d)

They bind to specific DNA sequences for identification.

45.

Automated base calling in the Sanger sequencing method refers to: (NIC)

a)

Manually reading the sequence of bases from a gel

b)

Using a computer algorithm to determine the sequence of bases from fluorescent signals

c)

Calling out the bases as they are incorporated into the DNA strand

d)

Using a special phone app to record DNA sequences

46.

Which component is not required for the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in the Sanger method?

a)

DNA template

b)

Primers

c)

RNA polymerase

d)

dNTPs

47.

What is the main reason for using gel electrophoresis after the sequencing reaction in the Sanger method?

a)

To purify the DNA fragments

b)

To replicate the DNA fragments

c)

To separate the DNA fragments by size for sequencing

d)

To attach fluorescent labels to the DNA fragments

48.

How does temperature play a role in the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) used in the Sanger method?

a)

High temperatures are used to separate the DNA strands

b)

Low temperatures are used to activate the DNA polymerase

c)

Constant temperature is maintained throughout the reaction

d)

Temperature is irrelevant in PCR

49.

In the context of the Sanger sequencing method, what is the significance of the chain termination method?

a)

It allows for the amplification of DNA

b)

It is used to cut DNA into smaller fragments

c)

It is a method to visualize DNA fragments

d)

It enables the determination of the DNA sequence by terminating synthesis at specific nucleotides

50.

Larger DNA fragments move through a gel _____________ smaller DNA fragments.

a)

faster than

b)

at the same rate as

c)

slower than

51.

Identify the DNA sequence.

(a)  

52.

Identify the DNA Sequence

(a)  

53.
Mr. Jones was killed in a car accident.  Afterwards, a former girlfriend filed a paternity suit claiming that Mr. Jones was the father of her child, and thus she was entitled to the man’s estate.  Which sample of DNA would have to be from Mr. Jones if he were the child’s father? 
a)
2
b)
3
c)
4
d)
5
54.
A boy moves to another country to live with his father.  Years later, the boy decides to move back to live with the woman who raised him.  Immigration officials suspected that the boy was the woman’s nephew, not her son, and therefore not legally entitled to residency.  Based on the DNA fragments, is it possible that she is the boy’s mother?
a)
Yes
b)
No
55.
Bob was found dead in his home.  Crime scene analysis showed signs of a struggle.  Blood was collected from the crime scene, the victim, and three suspects.  Which suspect likely committed the crime? 
a)
Sue
b)
Lisa
c)
John
d)
None of these
56.
Which male is the father of this child?
a)
Male 1
b)
Male 2
c)
Neither could be the father
d)
Either could be the father
57.
Which man is the father of this baby?
a)
Father 1
b)
Father 2
c)
Father 3
d)
None of them
58.
Whose blood was found at the crime scene?
a)
John
b)
Lisa
c)
Bob
d)
Sure
59.
Which man is the father of the child?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
60.
The chemical used for strand cleavage in Maxam-Gilbert method is
a)
Piperidine
b)
Hydrazine
c)
Formic acid
d)
DMSO
61.
The Maxam-Gilbert method, chemical used for cytosine alteration is
a)
formic acid
b)
hydrazine
c)
dimethyl sulphate
d)
piperidine
62.
Examining the electrophoresis gel and reading from bottom to top, one base at a time, gives the sequence of DNA.
a)
True
b)
False
63.
For analyzing DNA sequences, two techniques have been developed, one is _________ method frequently termed_________, involving the enzymatic synthesis of DNA and stopping the synthesis at specific nucleotides. While another technique, the __________ method of DNA sequencing developed by ___________ is often used for sequencing small fragments of DNA.
a)
chemical cleavage, Sanger sequencing, enzymatic, Maxam and Gilbert
b)
chemical cleavage, Maxam and Gilbert, enzymatic, Sanger
c)
enzymatic, Sanger sequencing, chemical cleavage, Maxam and Gilbert
d)
enzymatic, Maxam and Gilbert, chemical cleavage, Sanger
64.

In Maxam-Gilbert sequencing, hydrazine + salt is used to cleave:

a)

Thymine

b)

Guanine

c)

Cytosine

d)

Adenine

65.

What is a limitation of the Maxam-Gilbert method?

a)

Requires a small amount of DNA

b)

Can read more than 700 bases

c)

Technical complexity

d)

Uses non-toxic chemicals

66.

Dimethyl sulphate + HCL would cleave DNA at --- position

a)

G + C

b)

A +T

c)

G

d)

A

67.

In the Maxam-Gilbert method, the chemicals used for identifying Cytosine and Thymine are….

a)

Hydrazine + piperidine

b)

Dimethyl sulphate in formic acid + piperidine

c)

Hydrazine in NaCl + piperidine

d)

Dimethyl sulphate + piperidine

68.

Which isotope is commonly used for labeling DNA in Maxam-Gilbert sequencing?

a)

Carbon-14

b)

Phosphorus-32

c)

Sulfur-35

d)

Phosphorous-31

69.

The sequence of DNA is read from the gel:

a)

Top to bottom

b)

Bottom to top

c)

Randomly

d)

Left to right

70.

What is the role of piperidine in Maxam and Gilbert sequencing?

a)

It acts as a probe

b)

It cleaves the DNA backbone

c)

It labels the DNA

d)

It denatures proteins

71.

Approximately how many bases can automated Sanger sequencing read per sequencing run?
a) 100 bases
b) 900 bases
c) 10,000 bases
d) 100,000 bases

a)

a

b)

b

c)

c

d)

d

72.

In automated Sanger sequencing, how are DNA fragments detected?
a) By gel electrophoresis only
b) By a microscope
c) By a laser beam detecting fluorescent dyes
d) By chemical reactions

a)

a

b)

b

c)

c

d)

d

73.

Which of the following is a feature of the Illumina sequencing method?

a)

It generates long reads

b)

It is a high-throughput sequencing method

c)

It is a single-molecule sequencing method

d)

It has a high error rate

74.

In Pyrosequencing, light signal detected by the photomultiplier is proportional to

a)

nucleotides incorporated

b)

conversion of luciferin to oxyluciferin

c)

both a and b

d)

none of the above

75.

sequencing by synthesis is applied in

a)

Solid sequencing

b)

liquid sequencing

c)

pyrosequencing

d)

all

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