When I start exercise, my body treats it as a major disturbance/stressor, and my heart rate rises. What system causes this?

Which of the following are characteristics of neurons?

The biosynthetic center of a neuron that synthesizes neurotransmitters is the:

Movement of broken down neurotransmitter from the axon towards the soma to be recycled is known as:

Which neuron type makes up most sensory neurons?

The neuron type that contains one dendrite and one axon, and is found in the retina of the eye and the olfactory epithelium of the nose is:

From a functional perspective, what neuron type is responsible for integration of information, and makes up 99% of neurons?

The fluid filled area between the axon terminal of the presynaptic neuron and the receptive area of the postsynaptic neuron is called the:

___ produce myelin sheaths in the CNS, and ___ produce myelin sheaths in the PNS

What glial cell is the most abundant, helps form the blood brain barrier, anchors structures in nervous tissue, and can be found in the CNS?

True or False: a myelinated axon is cable of transmitting impulses faster than an unmyelinated axon due to the process of saltatory conduction

True or False: Multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune disorder that causes demyelination in axons in the CNS.

A chemically gated channel would open in response to:

In a neuron at rest, there is a higher concentration of ___ inside the cell and a higher concentration of ___ outside the cell

Which ion is the most important in setting resting membrane potential inside the neuron?

The circuit that produces cyclic activity like the ones that allow us to breathe in our sleep is:

What type of summation is occurring if one or more presynaptic neurons is sending rapid signals to a postsynaptic neuron

Place the following steps in the correct order.

A. Graded potentials take the membrane potential from -70mv -> -55mv

B. -55mv -> +30mv

C. Voltage gated K+ channels open

D. Voltage gated Na+ channels open

E. Voltage gated Na+ channels close

F. Hyperpolarization

G. Repolarization

H. Return to RMP by closing K+ channels and using Na+/K+ pump

Which event occurs due to excess potassium efflux from voltage gated K+ channels staying open for too long, and can be associated with a membrane potential of -80mv?

The time where no stimulus can initiate another action potential is the:

A postsynaptic potential that results in hyperpolarization in the postsynaptic neuron is:

In the PNS, clusters of cell bodies are called ___ and bundles of neuron processes are called ___.

Which of the following fibers would have the fastest conduction speed?

What neurotransmitter is used in neuromuscular and neuron excitation, that binds to ligand gated channels on the cell membrane?

Which region of the brain consists of the thalamus, epithalamus, and hypothalamus?

___ are ridges and ___ are shallow grooves.

What structure separates the brain into two separate hemispheres?

Which of the following structures would I find in gray matter?

The middle layer of the meninges, made of a web of collagen and elastic fibers, is the:

An epidural hematoma would occur in the space between the skull and the ___, the tough outer meningeal layer.

What structures are empty cavities in the brain that circulate CSF?

What provides a liquid cushion to the brain and is produced in the choroid plexus of each ventricle?

The blood brain barrier is composed of specialized capillaries, tight junctions, and the perivascular feet of astrocytes. What is its function?

The three basic regions of each hemisphere in the cerebrum are:

The corpus callosum is the largest tract that provides connection between hemispheres. The corpus callosum is a type of:

In which lobe would I find Broca's Area?

What structure separates the precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus?

What structure is located in the precentral gyrus (highlighted area in picture), and is responsible for conscious control of precise, skilled, skeletal muscle movement?

The area of the cerebral cortex responsible for the ability to recognize and remember faces is the:

True or False: The area of the parietal lobe that allows me to receive general sensory information from the skin and proprioceptors is the primary somatosensory cortex. The area that allows me to contextualize that sensory information and understand size, texture, and the relationships of parts is the somatosensory association cortex.

A condition caused by damage to this structure results in unaffected language comprehension, but an inability to physically produce the words needed to speak

The multimodal association area responsible for complex thought, judgement, personality, and more, that is still developing in adolescence is the:

The concept that there is a division of labor between hemispheres, and that they are not identical and do not control the same things to the same degree is:

What structure in the diancephalon contains the pineal gland, which releases melatonin?

What structure of the diencephalon is known as the gateway to the cerebral cortex, and is a relay center that regulates which signals are passed onto the cerebral cortex.

Which of the following are functions of the hypothalamus?

Degeneration of this structure found in the midbrain causes Parkinson's disease.

Which of the following are functions of the medulla oblongata?

What region of the brain is responsible for "fine-tuning" movement, and also plays a role in balance?

True or False: Your limbic system is your emotional brain, and coordinates multiple structures of the brain to process and experience emotions.

True or False: When you think of the Reticular Activating System, the words "alertness" and "consciousness" should come to mind.

The spinal cord extends from the foramen magnum to around L1/L2 before branching into the horse-tail-like:

True or False: sensory axons will travel through anterior rootlets and the anterior horn.

A motor neuron innervating skeletal muscle would travel through the:

Ascending pathways in the spinal cord are ___ while descending pathways are ___.

True or False: In a sensory pathway, the beginning of a third order neuron will synapse with the end of a second order neuron in the thalamus.

The sensory pathway responsible for discriminative touch and vibrations is the:

Which of the following horns could a motor neuron travel through?

Which pathway is responsible for fast and fine skilled movement?

The "crossing-over" concept of neurons in the spinal cord is known as:

True or False: The lumbar plexus extends from L1-L4

The phrenic nerve innervates the diaphragm. Which plexus does it arise from?

What nerve branches off the lumbar plexus and innervates the anterior region of the thigh, and the sartorious?

The longest nerve in the body is the sciatic nerve, and it branches off the ___ plexus.

True or False: a specific reflex will always have the same response to a stimulus.

A reflex that requires an interneuron to communicate between the sensory and motor neurons would be classified as:

Which cranial nerve is the major source of parasympathetic output, conducts sensation of many viscera, and controls muscles in the pharynx and larynx?

(Hint: Everything happens in ___!!!)

Cranial nerve VI, which abducts the eye, is the:

What cranial nerve is a motor nerve that moves the muscles of the neck and the pharynx?

Place the following events in order:

A. Start at resting membrane potential

B. Repolarization

C. Return to resting membrane potential using Na+/K+ pumps

D. Depolarization

E. Hyperpolarization