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WorksheetsUnit 7 | Molecular Biology
Total questions: 45
Worksheet time: 23mins
DNA is composed of:
Amino acids
Fatty acids
Nucleotides
Glucose molecules
What are the three parts of a nucleotide in DNA?
a) Ribose sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base
b) Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base
c) Amino acid, peptide bond, carboxyl group
d) Glucose, fructose, sucrose
The nitrogenous bases in DNA are held together by what type of bond?
Covalent bonds
Ionic bonds
Hydrogen bonds
Van der Waals forces
Which of the following is a key difference in DNA replication between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, based only on DNA shape/location?
Eukaryotic DNA replication is semiconservative, while prokaryotic is not.
Prokaryotes have multiple origins of replication.
Prokaryotic DNA is circular and located in the cytoplasm, while eukaryotic DNA is linear and resides within the nucleus.
Prokaryotic DNA replication involves Okazaki fragments.
DNA replication is described as a semiconservative process. What does this mean?
The original DNA molecule is conserved, and a completely new molecule is synthesized.
DNA replication results in three new strands and one old strand.
Each new DNA molecule contains one original (old) strand and one newly synthesized strand.
Portions of the original DNA molecule are dispersed within the newly synthesized molecules.
During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix at the replication fork?
a) DNA polymerase
b) Primase
c) Helicase
d) Ligase
DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands in which direction?
3' to 5'
5' to 3'
Both directions simultaneously
It depends on whether it is the leading or lagging strand.
The lagging strand is synthesized in short fragments called
Replication bubbles
Primers
Okazaki fragments
Nucleotides
What is the role of DNA ligase in DNA replication?
a) To add RNA primers to the template strand.
b) To unwind the DNA double helix.
c) To synthesize new DNA nucleotides.
d) To join the Okazaki fragments together.
What is the central dogma of biology?
a) Protein -> RNA -> DNA
b) RNA -> DNA -> Protein
c) DNA -> RNA -> Protein
d) DNA -> Protein -> RNA
The process of making RNA from a DNA template is called
Replication
Transcription
Translation
Mutation
Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing mRNA during transcription?
a) DNA polymerase
b) RNA polymerase
c) Ribosome
d) Ligase
In transcription, which base in RNA replaces thymine (T) in DNA?
Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C)
Uracil (U)
Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Mitochondria
The coding strand of DNA has the sequence 5'-CGT-3'. What would be the corresponding codon in the mRNA transcribed from the template strand?
5'-CGT-3'
3'-GCA-5'
5'-TAC-3'
5'-GCA-3'
The process of synthesizing a protein from an mRNA template is called:
Replication
Transcription
Translation
Mutation
Where does translation occur in the cell?
Nucleus
Ribosomes in the cytoplasm or on the rough ER
Mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
What is a codon?
A sequence of two nucleotides in mRNA.
A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that codes for an amino acid.
A sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that is complementary to mRNA.
A structural component of ribosomes.
Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation?
mRNA (messenger RNA)
rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
tRNA (transfer RNA)
snRNA (small nuclear RNA)
Multiple DNA replication events can happen simultaneously.
True
False
DNA strands are always antiparallel to each other.
True
False
In PCR, the primers used are made of RNA.
True
False
Transcription starts at a random location on the DNA molecule.
True
False
rRNA has a role in the catalytic activity of ribosomes during translation
True
False
Who were the scientists that discovered the double helix structure of DNA?
Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr
Gregor Mendel and Charles Darwin
Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins
James Watson and Francis Crick
What technique did Rosalind Franklin use to help reveal the structure of DNA?
Electron microscopy
X-ray crystallography
Mass spectrometry
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Which component of DNA is responsible for carrying genetic information?
Hydrogen bonds
Nitrogenous bases
Sugar molecules
Phosphate groups
Which enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides to the growing DNA strand during replication?
Helicase
Ligase
DNA polymerase
Topoisomerase
Which of the following processes involves the removal of introns from pre-mRNA?
Transcription
Translation
Splicing
Replication
What is the primary function of DNA proofreading during replication?
b) To correct errors in newly synthesized DNA strands
d) To join Okazaki fragments
a) To unwind the DNA double helix
c) To synthesize RNA primers
What is the function of a promoter in transcription?
c) To signal the start of transcription
b) To initiate the unwinding of DNA
a) To terminate transcription
d) To synthesize RNA primers
Which of the following signals the termination of translation?
Enhancer sequence
Start codon
Stop codon
Promoter sequence
What is a mutation?
A method of DNA replication
A type of protein synthesis
A process of cell division
A change in the DNA sequence
Which of the following is a type of mutation that involves the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide?
Point mutation
Frameshift mutation
Missense mutation
Silent mutation
Which type of mutation does not change the amino acid sequence of a protein?
Frameshift mutation
Missense mutation
Silent mutation
Nonsense mutation
What is a point mutation?
A mutation that duplicates a segment of DNA.
A mutation that results in a premature stop codon.
A mutation that changes a single nucleotide base pair in DNA.
A mutation that involves the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide.
What is a missense mutation?
A mutation that involves the duplication of a DNA segment.
A mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence.
A mutation that changes one amino acid in a protein.
A mutation that results in a stop codon.
Which of the following techniques utilizes a heat-stable DNA polymerase originally found in Thermus aquaticus?
Gel electrophoresis
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
DNA replication in eukaryotes
Transcription
In Gel electrophoresis, DNA fragments are separated based on which of the following properties?
The type of nitrogenous base
The sequence of nucleotides
Molecular size
The number of phosphate groups
Primers used in PCR are typically made of:
RNA
Proteins
DNA
Amino acids
Restriction enzymes, often used in biotechnology for DNA analysis, cut DNA at:
Random locations
Only at the ends of chromosomes
Specific recognition sites
Anywhere a mutation occurs
PCR primers are short, single-stranded RNA sequences
True
False
In gel electrophoresis, all DNA molecules move towards the positive electrode because of their negative charge
True
False
Taq Polymerase is essential for PCR because it can withstand the high temperatures required to denature DNA
True
False
Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments solely based on their charge
True
False
