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Exploring DNA and RNA Functions

Total questions: 90

Worksheet time: 1hrs 3mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Who discovered the double helix structure of DNA?

a)

Charles Darwin

b)

James Watson and Francis Crick

c)

Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins

d)

Gregor Mendel

2.

What is the full name of DNA?

a)

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

b)

Dicarboxylic Nucleic Acid

c)

Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid

d)

Dioxyribonucleic Acid

3.

Which of the following is NOT a component of a DNA nucleotide?

a)

Phosphate group

b)

Ribose sugar

c)

Nitrogenous base

d)

Deoxyribose sugar

4.

Which base pairs with adenine in DNA?

a)

Cytosine

b)

Guanine

c)

Thymine

d)

Uracil

5.

What is the main function of DNA in cells?

a)

Energy storage

b)

Carrying genetic information

c)

Structural support

d)

Catalyzing reactions

6.

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?

a)

DNA polymerase

b)

Helicase

c)

Ligase

d)

Primase

7.

What is the direction of DNA synthesis during replication?

a)

3' to 5'

b)

5' to 3'

c)

Both directions simultaneously

d)

Random direction

8.

Which of the following is NOT a difference between DNA and RNA?

a)

DNA contains thymine, RNA contains uracil

b)

DNA is double-stranded, RNA is single-stranded

c)

DNA contains deoxyribose, RNA contains ribose

d)

DNA is found only in the nucleus, RNA is found only in the cytoplasm

9.

What is the process of copying DNA into RNA called?

a)

Translation

b)

Replication

c)

Transcription

d)

Transformation

10.

Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?

a)

mRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

snRNA

11.

Which scientist used X-ray diffraction to help reveal the structure of DNA?

a)

Erwin Chargaff

b)

Rosalind Franklin

c)

Frederick Griffith

d)

Oswald Avery

12.

What is the function of mRNA?

a)

Forms the structure of ribosomes

b)

Carries genetic code from DNA to ribosomes

c)

Brings amino acids to ribosomes

d)

Replicates DNA

13.

Which of the following best describes the structure of DNA?

a)

Single-stranded helix

b)

Double-stranded helix

c)

Triple-stranded helix

d)

Linear chain

14.

What is the role of DNA polymerase in replication?

a)

Unwinds the DNA

b)

Joins Okazaki fragments

c)

Synthesizes new DNA strands

d)

Adds RNA primers

15.

Which base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

a)

Thymine

b)

Adenine

c)

Uracil

d)

Guanine

16.

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

a)

DNA → RNA → Protein

b)

RNA → DNA → Protein

c)

Protein → RNA → DNA

d)

DNA → Protein → RNA

17.

During translation, what is the function of the ribosome?

a)

Synthesizes DNA

b)

Synthesizes RNA

c)

Synthesizes proteins

d)

Synthesizes lipids

18.

Which of the following statements about DNA replication is TRUE?

a)

It occurs during mitosis

b)

It is a conservative process

c)

Each new DNA molecule has one old and one new strand

d)

It only happens in prokaryotes

19.

What is a codon?

a)

A sequence of two nucleotides

b)

A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA

c)

A sequence of four nucleotides in tRNA

d)

A single nucleotide

20.

Which enzyme joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand during DNA replication?

a)

DNA polymerase

b)

Helicase

c)

Ligase

d)

Primase

21.

What is the sugar found in RNA?

a)

Deoxyribose

b)

Ribose

c)

Glucose

d)

Sucrose

22.

Which of the following is NOT a nitrogenous base in DNA?

a)

Adenine

b)

Guanine

c)

Uracil

d)

Thymine

23.

What is the first step in DNA replication?

a)

DNA ligase joins fragments

b)

DNA polymerase synthesizes new strands

c)

Helicase unwinds the double helix

d)

RNA primers are removed

24.

Which process converts mRNA into a protein?

a)

Replication

b)

Transcription

c)

Translation

d)

Transformation

25.

Which scientist performed the experiment that showed DNA is the genetic material using bacteriophages?

a)

Hershey and Chase

b)

Watson and Crick

c)

Griffith

d)

Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty

26.

What is the function of rRNA?

a)

Carries genetic code

b)

Forms the core of ribosomes and catalyzes protein synthesis

c)

Brings amino acids to ribosomes

d)

Replicates DNA

27.

Which of the following best describes the antiparallel nature of DNA?

a)

Both strands run in the same direction

b)

Strands run in opposite 5' to 3' directions

c)

Strands are identical

d)

Strands are circular

28.

What is the complementary base pair for guanine in DNA?

a)

Adenine

b)

Thymine

c)

Cytosine

d)

Uracil

29.

Label the nucleotide

a)

Phosphate

b)

Sugar

c)

Nitrogenous base

1
2
3
1)
2)
3)
30.

Select ALL the Phosphate Group

A
B
C
D
E
F
31.

Select ALL the NITROGEN BASES in the picture (4 total)

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
32.
Question Image

Match the following numbers in the diagram to what part of the DNA molecule they are pointing at.

a)

4

1.

hydrogen bonds

b)

5

2.

sugar phosphate backbone

c)

3

3.

nitrogenous bases

d)

6

4.

nucleotide

e)

2

5.

deoxyribose sugar

33.

Organize these options into the right categories

Categorize the following

Transports the amino acids to form the polypeptide

carries and provides the code to the ribosome.

Forms the ribosomes along with proteins

tRNA
mRNA
rRNA
34.

Label the parts!

a)DNA Helicase
b)DNA Polymerase
c)

Replication fork

1
2
3
1)
2)
3)
35.

Match the following

a)

Made during transcription because DNA is too big and fragile to leave the nucleus

1.

mRNA

b)

Used to attach the anticodon

2.

tRNA

c)

enzyme that adds nucleotides to the template strand to make a complimentary strand

3.

DNA polymerase

d)

unzip and unwinds the DNA

4.

Helicase

e)

enzyme used to transcribe DNA to RNA

5.

RNA polymerase

36.
What is the function of a nucleic acid?
a)
Stores genetic information
b)
Stores energy
c)
Quick source of energy
d)
Builds structures
37.

Which types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis?

a)

t-RNA and m-RNA

b)

m-RNA and r-RNA

c)

t-RNA, m-RNA, and r-RNA

d)

t-RNA and r-RNA

38.

Which of the following processes occurs during transcription?

a)

Conversion of RNA into DNA

b)

Synthesis of RNA from a DNA template

c)

Assembly of amino acids into proteins

d)

Replication of DNA

39.

Which of the following best describes the role of a codon?

a)

It signals the start of DNA replication

b)

It specifies an amino acid in a protein

c)

It binds to the ribosome

d)

It transports amino acids

40.

What is the role of the anticodon in translation?

a)

It signals the end of protein synthesis

b)

It pairs with the codon on mRNA

c)

It initiates DNA replication

d)

It catalyzes peptide bond formation

41.

What is the function of a ribosome during translation?

a)

To replicate DNA

b)

To synthesize RNA

c)

To assemble amino acids into proteins

d)

To degrade mRNA

42.

Which of the following processes is directly involved in the synthesis of proteins?

a)

Transcription

b)

Translation

c)

Replication

d)

Splicing

43.

What is the significance of the start codon in mRNA?

a)

It signals the end of transcription

b)

It marks the beginning of translation

c)

It initiates DNA replication

d)

It terminates protein synthesis

44.
What is the correct amino acid sequence for the mRNA code AUGCCAGUAUGA
a)
Met-Pro-Ala-Val
b)
Met-Pro-Val
c)
Tyr-Gly-His
d)
Tyr-Gly-Arg-His
45.
What amino acid is represented by the codon UUA?
a)
Phenylalanine
b)
Tyrosine
c)
Leucine
d)
Stop codon
46.
Which amino acid is coded from the mRNA codon:
AGU
a)
Arginine
b)
Serine
c)
Leucine
d)
Glycine
47.
What amino acid is represented by the codon CAG?
a)
Aspartic Acid
b)
Histidine
c)
Glutamine
d)
Methionine
48.

Formulate a hypothesis on how the presence of glucose affects the expression of the lac operon in E. coli. What experimental approach would you use to test this hypothesis?

a)

The presence of glucose has no effect on the lac operon expression.

b)

The presence of glucose enhances the expression of the lac operon.

c)

The presence of glucose represses the expression of the lac operon.

d)

The presence of glucose causes random expression of the lac operon.

49.

Analyze the process of transcriptional regulation in prokaryotes. How do repressors and activators influence gene expression?

a)

Repressors and activators have no role in transcriptional regulation.

b)

Repressors bind to the promoter region to enhance gene expression, while activators block transcription.

c)

Repressors bind to the operator region to block transcription, while activators enhance RNA polymerase binding to the promoter.

d)

Repressors and activators are only involved in post-transcriptional regulation.

50.

Explain how the lac operon in E. coli is regulated in the presence and absence of lactose. Use evidence from molecular genetics to support your explanation.

a)

The lac operon is always active, regardless of lactose presence.

b)

The lac operon is repressed in the absence of lactose and activated in its presence.

c)

The lac operon is activated in the absence of lactose and repressed in its presence.

d)

The lac operon is regulated by glucose levels, not lactose.

51.

What are the four nucleotide bases found in DNA?

a)

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

b)

Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine

c)

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Uracil

d)

Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Thymine

52.

In DNA, which base pairs with Adenine?

a)

Cytosine

b)

Guanine

c)

Thymine

d)

Uracil

53.

What is the complementary RNA base pairing for Adenine?

a)

Thymine

b)

Cytosine

c)

Guanine

d)

Uracil

54.

Which of the following statements is true about RNA?

a)

RNA is double-stranded.

b)

RNA contains the sugar deoxyribose.

c)

RNA contains the base Thymine.

d)

RNA is single-stranded.

55.

Predict the complementary DNA strand for the following sequence: 5'-ATCGGCTA-3'.

a)

5'-TAGCCGAT-3'

b)

3'-TAGCCGAT-5'

c)

5'-UAGCCGAU-3'

d)

3'-UAGCCGAU-5'

56.

Given the DNA sequence 5'-GATTACA-3', what would be the corresponding mRNA sequence?

a)

5'-CUAAUGU-3'

b)

3'-CUAAUGU-5'

c)

5'-GAUUACA-3'

d)

3'-GAUUACA-5'

57.

Analyze the impact of a mutation that changes an Adenine to a Thymine in a DNA sequence.

a)

It will always result in a non-functional protein.

b)

It may result in a different amino acid being incorporated into a protein.

c)

It will have no effect on the protein produced.

d)

It will always cause a frameshift mutation.

58.

How does complementary base pairing facilitate the process of transcription?

a)

It allows the DNA to unwind.

b)

It ensures that the mRNA is an exact copy of the DNA.

c)

It allows RNA polymerase to synthesize mRNA from the DNA template.

d)

It prevents errors during DNA replication.

59.

A Nucleotide is shown above. What part of the Nucleotide is labelled "2"?

a)

Sugar

b)

Phosphate

c)

Nitrogenous Base

60.
What 3 things make up a nucleotide?
a)
Sugar, Phosphate, Nitrogen Base
b)
Sugar, Hydrogen, Carbon
c)
Carbon, Phosphate, Nitrogen
d)
mRNA, tRNA and rRNA
61.
Which RNA bases would pair with TACGAA in transcription? 
a)
AUGCUU
b)
ATGCTT
c)
GCATCC
d)
GCAUCC
62.

When does DNA Replication occur?

a)

Just before the cell divides

b)

Just after the cell divides

c)

The M phase

d)

The S phase

63.

Where inside a cell is DNA found?

a)

nucleus

b)

cytoplasm

c)

endoplasmic reticulum

d)

Golgi body

64.

The DNA of your brain cells and your blood cells are

a)

50% similar

b)

Completely different

c)

100% the same

d)

75% similar

65.
The following picture must be
a)
DNA because it's double stranded
b)
RNA because it's single stranded
c)
DNA because it's single stranded
d)
RNA because it's double stranded
66.
Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
ATG TGA CAG
a)
ATG TGA CAG
b)
TAC ACT GTC
c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
67.
Most gene regulation happens at which step along the way?
a)
translation
b)
transcription
c)
signal transduction
d)
DNA replication
68.
A protein that binds to the operator and blocks the RNA polymerase
a)
regulator
b)
repressor
c)
activator
d)
corepressor
69.
Why are insertion and deletion mutations so harmful?
a)
They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence
b)
They insert things that an organism doesn't need.
c)
They often delete things that organisms need.
d)
Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.
70.
Identify the SUBSTITUTION mutation from the following DNA sequence: 
ATG CCA AAT
a)
ATG TCA AAT
b)
ATG CCT AAA T
c)
ATC CA  AT
d)
ATG CCA AAT
71.
What is the name given to part of a DNA molecule that codes for a protein?
a)
Glucose
b)
Chromosome
c)
Gene
d)
Phosphate
72.

Change of one base only in the sequence of bases in a gene.

a)

substitution

b)

point mutation

c)

frameshift mutation

d)

deletion

73.

Which of the following images is a SUBSTITUTION?

a)
b)
c)
74.

Which of the following statements is a DELETION?

a)

Produces an extra copy of all or part of a chromosome.

b)

Reverses the direction of parts of a chromosome.

c)

Involves the loss of all or part of a chromosome.

d)

Occurs when part of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another.

75.

Which of the following statements is a TRANSLOCATION?

a)

Produces an extra copy of all or part of a chromosome.

b)

Reverses the direction of parts of a chromosome.

c)

Involves the loss of all or part of a chromosome.

d)

Occurs when part of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another.

76.

Which of the following statements is a DUPLICATION?

a)

Produces an extra copy of all or part of a chromosome.

b)

Reverses the direction of parts of a chromosome.

c)

Involves the loss of all or part of a chromosome.

d)

Occurs when part of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another.

77.

Which of the following statements is a INVERSION?

a)

Produces an extra copy of all or part of a chromosome.

b)

Reverses the direction of parts of a chromosome.

c)

Involves the loss of all or part of a chromosome.

d)

Occurs when part of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another.

78.

Mutagens are

a)

chemical agents in the environment.

b)

physical agents in the environment.

c)

both chemical and physical agents in the environment.

d)

none of the answer are correct.

79.
Nitrogenous bases are joined by which type of bond?
a)
polar bonds
b)
ionic bonds
c)
covalent bonds
d)
hydrogen bonds
80.

The term "rungs" refers to which part of the DNA molecule?

a)

the phosphate group

b)

the sugar

c)

the sugar and the phosphate together

d)

the complementary nitrogen bases

81.
Normal-
GAG-CTC-GAC-AGA
Mutant
GAG CTC-CAC-AGA
a)
no mutation
b)
substitution
c)
insertion
d)
deletion
82.
Original: ATC CAT
Mutation: ATC GCAT
What mutation occurred?
a)
deletion
b)
insertion
c)
silent
d)
transverse
83.
Which of the following can increase the rate of mutation?
a)
UV Radiation
b)
Viruses
c)
toxic chemicals 
d)
All of the above
84.

A nucleotide base is inserted or deleted shifting the entire DNA sequence. Entire protein will be changed.

a)

Substitution Mutation

b)

Silent Mutation

c)

Frameshift Mutation

d)

Translocation

85.
Which sections of mRNA are cut out and discarded before the mRNA leaves the nucleus?
a)
Exons
b)
Introns
c)
Genes
d)
Amino acids
86.

Operons are only found in

a)

prokaryotes

b)

eukaryotes

87.

T/F: Changes in even a single amino acid may cause a shape change in the resulting protein. This would affect the protein's ability to function.

a)

True

b)

False

88.
In the lac operon, the genes within the operon will be expressed if:
a)
lactose is absent in the cell
b)
galactose is present in the cell
c)
lactose is present in the cell
d)
glucose is absent in the cell
89.

What is a transcription factor in eukaryotic cells?

a)

Proteins that help regulate the transcription of genes by binding to specific DNA sequences

b)

Lipids that store energy in the cell

c)

Carbohydrates that provide structural support to the cell

d)

Nucleic acids that carry genetic information in the cell

90.
Original: ATC CAT
Mutation: ATC GCAT
What mutation occurred?
a)
deletion
b)
insertion
c)
silent
d)
transverse

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