1.      Read the following passage and choose the best answer:

Tropical rainforests are being destroyed and badly degraded at an unsustainable rate. Some scientists estimate that in the early 1990s tropical forests were being destroyed at a rate of approximately 28 hectares a minute, or about 14 million hectares each year - an area about the size of the state of Wisconsin. This figure marked a decrease since the 1980s, when approximately 16 million hectares were destroyed each year, largely due to a reported decline of deforestation in the Amazon River Basin in the early 1990s. However, satellite images indicate that rates may have rebounded in the late 1990s as burning in the Amazon increased again. Over the past three decades alone, about 5 million square kilometers - or 20 percent of the world's tropical forests - have been cleared. During this time, deforestation in tropical Asia reached almost 30 percent. High rates of deforestation are inevitably followed by alarming rates of plant and animal extinction because many rainforest species cannot survive outside their pristine rainforest habitat. Some scientists estimate that dozens of rainforest species are becoming extinct every day.

Causes of deforestation vary from location to location, but certain patterns tend to be consistent across all forests. Logging companies in search of valuable rainforest hardwoods, or, less often, oil companies in search of petroleum, are often the first to enter a remote area of rainforest. Some logged forests, if left alone, can regenerate in a few decades. But typically, they are not left alone - the roads built by logging companies often provide access for landless farmers to enter a new area, as well as a means to transport agricultural crops to market. For every 1 kilometer of new roads built through a forested area, 4 to 24 square kilometers are deforested and colonized.

Once the loggers leave the land, a typical cycle of destruction ensues. When the landless farmers arrive, they clear the land for planting. Poor rainforest soils produce a low crop yield, especially after a couple of years. At that point, the farmers often sell their lands to cattle ranchers or large plantation owners. After nutrients have been exhausted and soils compacted by cattle, lands are then abandoned and often laid to waste. Rainforest does not readily regenerate on these lands without human intervention. Meanwhile, the colonist farmers and cattle ranchers move to a new piece of land made accessible by logging roads, where the cycle of deforestation begins again.
Câu 2: What does the passage mainly discuss?

1.      Read the following passage and choose the best answer:

Tropical rainforests are being destroyed and badly degraded at an unsustainable rate. Some scientists estimate that in the early 1990s tropical forests were being destroyed at a rate of approximately 28 hectares a minute, or about 14 million hectares each year - an area about the size of the state of Wisconsin. This figure marked a decrease since the 1980s, when approximately 16 million hectares were destroyed each year, largely due to a reported decline of deforestation in the Amazon River Basin in the early 1990s. However, satellite images indicate that rates may have rebounded in the late 1990s as burning in the Amazon increased again. Over the past three decades alone, about 5 million square kilometers - or 20 percent of the world's tropical forests - have been cleared. During this time, deforestation in tropical Asia reached almost 30 percent. High rates of deforestation are inevitably followed by alarming rates of plant and animal extinction because many rainforest species cannot survive outside their pristine rainforest habitat. Some scientists estimate that dozens of rainforest species are becoming extinct every day.

Causes of deforestation vary from location to location, but certain patterns tend to be consistent across all forests. Logging companies in search of valuable rainforest hardwoods, or, less often, oil companies in search of petroleum, are often the first to enter a remote area of rainforest. Some logged forests, if left alone, can regenerate in a few decades. But typically, they are not left alone - the roads built by logging companies often provide access for landless farmers to enter a new area, as well as a means to transport agricultural crops to market. For every 1 kilometer of new roads built through a forested area, 4 to 24 square kilometers are deforested and colonized.

Once the loggers leave the land, a typical cycle of destruction ensues. When the landless farmers arrive, they clear the land for planting. Poor rainforest soils produce a low crop yield, especially after a couple of years. At that point, the farmers often sell their lands to cattle ranchers or large plantation owners. After nutrients have been exhausted and soils compacted by cattle, lands are then abandoned and often laid to waste. Rainforest does not readily regenerate on these lands without human intervention. Meanwhile, the colonist farmers and cattle ranchers move to a new piece of land made accessible by logging roads, where the cycle of deforestation begins again.
Câu 3: According to the passage, what is the most common cause of deforestation in different regions?

1.      Read the following passage and choose the best answer:

Tropical rainforests are being destroyed and badly degraded at an unsustainable rate. Some scientists estimate that in the early 1990s tropical forests were being destroyed at a rate of approximately 28 hectares a minute, or about 14 million hectares each year - an area about the size of the state of Wisconsin. This figure marked a decrease since the 1980s, when approximately 16 million hectares were destroyed each year, largely due to a reported decline of deforestation in the Amazon River Basin in the early 1990s. However, satellite images indicate that rates may have rebounded in the late 1990s as burning in the Amazon increased again. Over the past three decades alone, about 5 million square kilometers - or 20 percent of the world's tropical forests - have been cleared. During this time, deforestation in tropical Asia reached almost 30 percent. High rates of deforestation are inevitably followed by alarming rates of plant and animal extinction because many rainforest species cannot survive outside their pristine rainforest habitat. Some scientists estimate that dozens of rainforest species are becoming extinct every day.

Causes of deforestation vary from location to location, but certain patterns tend to be consistent across all forests. Logging companies in search of valuable rainforest hardwoods, or, less often, oil companies in search of petroleum, are often the first to enter a remote area of rainforest. Some logged forests, if left alone, can regenerate in a few decades. But typically, they are not left alone - the roads built by logging companies often provide access for landless farmers to enter a new area, as well as a means to transport agricultural crops to market. For every 1 kilometer of new roads built through a forested area, 4 to 24 square kilometers are deforested and colonized.

Once the loggers leave the land, a typical cycle of destruction ensues. When the landless farmers arrive, they clear the land for planting. Poor rainforest soils produce a low crop yield, especially after a couple of years. At that point, the farmers often sell their lands to cattle ranchers or large plantation owners. After nutrients have been exhausted and soils compacted by cattle, lands are then abandoned and often laid to waste. Rainforest does not readily regenerate on these lands without human intervention. Meanwhile, the colonist farmers and cattle ranchers move to a new piece of land made accessible by logging roads, where the cycle of deforestation begins again.
Câu 4: Which of the following can result from the loss of tropical rainforests?

1.      Read the following passage and choose the best answer:

Tropical rainforests are being destroyed and badly degraded at an unsustainable rate. Some scientists estimate that in the early 1990s tropical forests were being destroyed at a rate of approximately 28 hectares a minute, or about 14 million hectares each year - an area about the size of the state of Wisconsin. This figure marked a decrease since the 1980s, when approximately 16 million hectares were destroyed each year, largely due to a reported decline of deforestation in the Amazon River Basin in the early 1990s. However, satellite images indicate that rates may have rebounded in the late 1990s as burning in the Amazon increased again. Over the past three decades alone, about 5 million square kilometers - or 20 percent of the world's tropical forests - have been cleared. During this time, deforestation in tropical Asia reached almost 30 percent. High rates of deforestation are inevitably followed by alarming rates of plant and animal extinction because many rainforest species cannot survive outside their pristine rainforest habitat. Some scientists estimate that dozens of rainforest species are becoming extinct every day.

Causes of deforestation vary from location to location, but certain patterns tend to be consistent across all forests. Logging companies in search of valuable rainforest hardwoods, or, less often, oil companies in search of petroleum, are often the first to enter a remote area of rainforest. Some logged forests, if left alone, can regenerate in a few decades. But typically, they are not left alone - the roads built by logging companies often provide access for landless farmers to enter a new area, as well as a means to transport agricultural crops to market. For every 1 kilometer of new roads built through a forested area, 4 to 24 square kilometers are deforested and colonized.

Once the loggers leave the land, a typical cycle of destruction ensues. When the landless farmers arrive, they clear the land for planting. Poor rainforest soils produce a low crop yield, especially after a couple of years. At that point, the farmers often sell their lands to cattle ranchers or large plantation owners. After nutrients have been exhausted and soils compacted by cattle, lands are then abandoned and often laid to waste. Rainforest does not readily regenerate on these lands without human intervention. Meanwhile, the colonist farmers and cattle ranchers move to a new piece of land made accessible by logging roads, where the cycle of deforestation begins again.
Câu 5: According to paragraph 1, which of the following about the rate of rainforest destruction is TRUE?

2.  Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions .

The age at which teenagers should become independent is a topic of debate and can vary depending on cultural norms and individual circumstances. While there is no set age that universally marks the transition to independence, it is generally recognized that the teenage years are a crucial period for developing autonomy and taking on increasing responsibility.

During adolescence, teenagers undergo significant physical, emotional, and cognitive changes. They begin to form their own identities, explore their interests, and develop a sense of self. This period provides an opportunity for teenagers to gradually take on more independence and learn essential life skills that will prepare them for adulthood. However, it is important to note that independence should be a gradual process and not something expected to happen overnight. Teenagers still require guidance, support, and supervision from parents, caregivers, and trusted adults. The transition to independence should be based on individual maturity, readiness, and the ability to handle increasing responsibilities. Factors such as cultural expectations, family dynamics, and the level of trust and communication within the family also play a role in determining when teenagers should become more independent. Open and honest communication between parents and teenagers is crucial in navigating this transition, as it allows for discussions about expectations, boundaries, and the gradual relinquishing of parental control.

It is important to recognize that the journey towards independence is not solely determined by age, but also by the readiness and capabilities of the teenager. Some teenagers may display greater maturity and responsibility at an earlier age, while others may require more time and support to develop these skills. Parental guidance and assessment of the teenager’s readiness are vital in determining when they should gradually assume more independence. It is essential to strike a balance between fostering independence and ensuring the teenager’s well-being and safety. By providing opportunities for growth, encouraging responsible decision-making, and maintaining a supportive environment, parents can help teenagers navigate the path to independence at a pace that suits their individual development.
Câu 6:  According to the passage, the following factors should be considered when determining the transition to independence for teenagers EXCEPT ............

2.  Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions .

The age at which teenagers should become independent is a topic of debate and can vary depending on cultural norms and individual circumstances. While there is no set age that universally marks the transition to independence, it is generally recognized that the teenage years are a crucial period for developing autonomy and taking on increasing responsibility.

During adolescence, teenagers undergo significant physical, emotional, and cognitive changes. They begin to form their own identities, explore their interests, and develop a sense of self. This period provides an opportunity for teenagers to gradually take on more independence and learn essential life skills that will prepare them for adulthood. However, it is important to note that independence should be a gradual process and not something expected to happen overnight. Teenagers still require guidance, support, and supervision from parents, caregivers, and trusted adults. The transition to independence should be based on individual maturity, readiness, and the ability to handle increasing responsibilities. Factors such as cultural expectations, family dynamics, and the level of trust and communication within the family also play a role in determining when teenagers should become more independent. Open and honest communication between parents and teenagers is crucial in navigating this transition, as it allows for discussions about expectations, boundaries, and the gradual relinquishing of parental control.

It is important to recognize that the journey towards independence is not solely determined by age, but also by the readiness and capabilities of the teenager. Some teenagers may display greater maturity and responsibility at an earlier age, while others may require more time and support to develop these skills. Parental guidance and assessment of the teenager’s readiness are vital in determining when they should gradually assume more independence. It is essential to strike a balance between fostering independence and ensuring the teenager’s well-being and safety. By providing opportunities for growth, encouraging responsible decision-making, and maintaining a supportive environment, parents can help teenagers navigate the path to independence at a pace that suits their individual development.
Câu 7:  The word "undergo" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ............... .

2.  Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions .

The age at which teenagers should become independent is a topic of debate and can vary depending on cultural norms and individual circumstances. While there is no set age that universally marks the transition to independence, it is generally recognized that the teenage years are a crucial period for developing autonomy and taking on increasing responsibility.

During adolescence, teenagers undergo significant physical, emotional, and cognitive changes. They begin to form their own identities, explore their interests, and develop a sense of self. This period provides an opportunity for teenagers to gradually take on more independence and learn essential life skills that will prepare them for adulthood. However, it is important to note that independence should be a gradual process and not something expected to happen overnight. Teenagers still require guidance, support, and supervision from parents, caregivers, and trusted adults. The transition to independence should be based on individual maturity, readiness, and the ability to handle increasing responsibilities. Factors such as cultural expectations, family dynamics, and the level of trust and communication within the family also play a role in determining when teenagers should become more independent. Open and honest communication between parents and teenagers is crucial in navigating this transition, as it allows for discussions about expectations, boundaries, and the gradual relinquishing of parental control.

It is important to recognize that the journey towards independence is not solely determined by age, but also by the readiness and capabilities of the teenager. Some teenagers may display greater maturity and responsibility at an earlier age, while others may require more time and support to develop these skills. Parental guidance and assessment of the teenager’s readiness are vital in determining when they should gradually assume more independence. It is essential to strike a balance between fostering independence and ensuring the teenager’s well-being and safety. By providing opportunities for growth, encouraging responsible decision-making, and maintaining a supportive environment, parents can help teenagers navigate the path to independence at a pace that suits their individual development.
Câu 8:  The word "it" in paragraph 2 refers to ................ .

2.  Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions .

The age at which teenagers should become independent is a topic of debate and can vary depending on cultural norms and individual circumstances. While there is no set age that universally marks the transition to independence, it is generally recognized that the teenage years are a crucial period for developing autonomy and taking on increasing responsibility.

During adolescence, teenagers undergo significant physical, emotional, and cognitive changes. They begin to form their own identities, explore their interests, and develop a sense of self. This period provides an opportunity for teenagers to gradually take on more independence and learn essential life skills that will prepare them for adulthood. However, it is important to note that independence should be a gradual process and not something expected to happen overnight. Teenagers still require guidance, support, and supervision from parents, caregivers, and trusted adults. The transition to independence should be based on individual maturity, readiness, and the ability to handle increasing responsibilities. Factors such as cultural expectations, family dynamics, and the level of trust and communication within the family also play a role in determining when teenagers should become more independent. Open and honest communication between parents and teenagers is crucial in navigating this transition, as it allows for discussions about expectations, boundaries, and the gradual relinquishing of parental control.

It is important to recognize that the journey towards independence is not solely determined by age, but also by the readiness and capabilities of the teenager. Some teenagers may display greater maturity and responsibility at an earlier age, while others may require more time and support to develop these skills. Parental guidance and assessment of the teenager’s readiness are vital in determining when they should gradually assume more independence. It is essential to strike a balance between fostering independence and ensuring the teenager’s well-being and safety. By providing opportunities for growth, encouraging responsible decision-making, and maintaining a supportive environment, parents can help teenagers navigate the path to independence at a pace that suits their individual development.
Câu 9:  Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

2.  Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions .

The age at which teenagers should become independent is a topic of debate and can vary depending on cultural norms and individual circumstances. While there is no set age that universally marks the transition to independence, it is generally recognized that the teenage years are a crucial period for developing autonomy and taking on increasing responsibility.

During adolescence, teenagers undergo significant physical, emotional, and cognitive changes. They begin to form their own identities, explore their interests, and develop a sense of self. This period provides an opportunity for teenagers to gradually take on more independence and learn essential life skills that will prepare them for adulthood. However, it is important to note that independence should be a gradual process and not something expected to happen overnight. Teenagers still require guidance, support, and supervision from parents, caregivers, and trusted adults. The transition to independence should be based on individual maturity, readiness, and the ability to handle increasing responsibilities. Factors such as cultural expectations, family dynamics, and the level of trust and communication within the family also play a role in determining when teenagers should become more independent. Open and honest communication between parents and teenagers is crucial in navigating this transition, as it allows for discussions about expectations, boundaries, and the gradual relinquishing of parental control.

It is important to recognize that the journey towards independence is not solely determined by age, but also by the readiness and capabilities of the teenager. Some teenagers may display greater maturity and responsibility at an earlier age, while others may require more time and support to develop these skills. Parental guidance and assessment of the teenager’s readiness are vital in determining when they should gradually assume more independence. It is essential to strike a balance between fostering independence and ensuring the teenager’s well-being and safety. By providing opportunities for growth, encouraging responsible decision-making, and maintaining a supportive environment, parents can help teenagers navigate the path to independence at a pace that suits their individual development.
Câu 10:  Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?

3. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Independence is a fundamental aspect of personal growth and self-determination. It refers to the ability to make decisions, take actions, and assume responsibility for one’s own life without relying excessively on others. Independence encompasses both physical and emotional autonomy, allowing individuals to navigate life on their own terms and pursue their goals and aspirations.

In terms of physical independence, it involves being self-sufficient and capable of meeting one's basic needs without relying on external assistance. This includes tasks such as managing finances, taking care of daily chores, and being able to provide for oneself. Physical independence empowers individuals to live independently, make their own choices, and take control of their lives. Emotional independence, on the other hand, relates to having a strong sense of self and being able to regulate one's emotions and well-being without depending on others for validation or support. It involves cultivating self-confidence, resilience, and the ability to make decisions based on personal values and beliefs. Emotional independence allows individuals to maintain healthy relationships, set boundaries, and assert their needs and desires.

While independence is highly valued, it is important to acknowledge that no one is entirely independent. We are social beings who thrive on connections and interdependence with others. Interactions and collaborations with family, friends, and communities contribute to our growth and well-being. However, striking a balance between independence and interdependence is crucial. It allows individuals to maintain their autonomy and make decisions that align with their values, while also fostering healthy relationships and recognizing the importance of mutual support.
Câu 11:  Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

3. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Independence is a fundamental aspect of personal growth and self-determination. It refers to the ability to make decisions, take actions, and assume responsibility for one’s own life without relying excessively on others. Independence encompasses both physical and emotional autonomy, allowing individuals to navigate life on their own terms and pursue their goals and aspirations.

In terms of physical independence, it involves being self-sufficient and capable of meeting one's basic needs without relying on external assistance. This includes tasks such as managing finances, taking care of daily chores, and being able to provide for oneself. Physical independence empowers individuals to live independently, make their own choices, and take control of their lives. Emotional independence, on the other hand, relates to having a strong sense of self and being able to regulate one's emotions and well-being without depending on others for validation or support. It involves cultivating self-confidence, resilience, and the ability to make decisions based on personal values and beliefs. Emotional independence allows individuals to maintain healthy relationships, set boundaries, and assert their needs and desires.

While independence is highly valued, it is important to acknowledge that no one is entirely independent. We are social beings who thrive on connections and interdependence with others. Interactions and collaborations with family, friends, and communities contribute to our growth and well-being. However, striking a balance between independence and interdependence is crucial. It allows individuals to maintain their autonomy and make decisions that align with their values, while also fostering healthy relationships and recognizing the importance of mutual support.
Câu 12:  The word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to ........ .

3. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Independence is a fundamental aspect of personal growth and self-determination. It refers to the ability to make decisions, take actions, and assume responsibility for one’s own life without relying excessively on others. Independence encompasses both physical and emotional autonomy, allowing individuals to navigate life on their own terms and pursue their goals and aspirations.

In terms of physical independence, it involves being self-sufficient and capable of meeting one's basic needs without relying on external assistance. This includes tasks such as managing finances, taking care of daily chores, and being able to provide for oneself. Physical independence empowers individuals to live independently, make their own choices, and take control of their lives. Emotional independence, on the other hand, relates to having a strong sense of self and being able to regulate one's emotions and well-being without depending on others for validation or support. It involves cultivating self-confidence, resilience, and the ability to make decisions based on personal values and beliefs. Emotional independence allows individuals to maintain healthy relationships, set boundaries, and assert their needs and desires.

While independence is highly valued, it is important to acknowledge that no one is entirely independent. We are social beings who thrive on connections and interdependence with others. Interactions and collaborations with family, friends, and communities contribute to our growth and well-being. However, striking a balance between independence and interdependence is crucial. It allows individuals to maintain their autonomy and make decisions that align with their values, while also fostering healthy relationships and recognizing the importance of mutual support.
Câu 13:  According to paragraph 1, independence includes ..........

3. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Independence is a fundamental aspect of personal growth and self-determination. It refers to the ability to make decisions, take actions, and assume responsibility for one’s own life without relying excessively on others. Independence encompasses both physical and emotional autonomy, allowing individuals to navigate life on their own terms and pursue their goals and aspirations.

In terms of physical independence, it involves being self-sufficient and capable of meeting one's basic needs without relying on external assistance. This includes tasks such as managing finances, taking care of daily chores, and being able to provide for oneself. Physical independence empowers individuals to live independently, make their own choices, and take control of their lives. Emotional independence, on the other hand, relates to having a strong sense of self and being able to regulate one's emotions and well-being without depending on others for validation or support. It involves cultivating self-confidence, resilience, and the ability to make decisions based on personal values and beliefs. Emotional independence allows individuals to maintain healthy relationships, set boundaries, and assert their needs and desires.

While independence is highly valued, it is important to acknowledge that no one is entirely independent. We are social beings who thrive on connections and interdependence with others. Interactions and collaborations with family, friends, and communities contribute to our growth and well-being. However, striking a balance between independence and interdependence is crucial. It allows individuals to maintain their autonomy and make decisions that align with their values, while also fostering healthy relationships and recognizing the importance of mutual support.
Câu 14:  What is the main idea of the passage?

3. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Independence is a fundamental aspect of personal growth and self-determination. It refers to the ability to make decisions, take actions, and assume responsibility for one’s own life without relying excessively on others. Independence encompasses both physical and emotional autonomy, allowing individuals to navigate life on their own terms and pursue their goals and aspirations.

In terms of physical independence, it involves being self-sufficient and capable of meeting one's basic needs without relying on external assistance. This includes tasks such as managing finances, taking care of daily chores, and being able to provide for oneself. Physical independence empowers individuals to live independently, make their own choices, and take control of their lives. Emotional independence, on the other hand, relates to having a strong sense of self and being able to regulate one's emotions and well-being without depending on others for validation or support. It involves cultivating self-confidence, resilience, and the ability to make decisions based on personal values and beliefs. Emotional independence allows individuals to maintain healthy relationships, set boundaries, and assert their needs and desires.

While independence is highly valued, it is important to acknowledge that no one is entirely independent. We are social beings who thrive on connections and interdependence with others. Interactions and collaborations with family, friends, and communities contribute to our growth and well-being. However, striking a balance between independence and interdependence is crucial. It allows individuals to maintain their autonomy and make decisions that align with their values, while also fostering healthy relationships and recognizing the importance of mutual support.
Câu 15:  The word “empower" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ........ .

4.Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Bullying leads to a decrease in academic performance. A study by CDC researchers showed that 12.9% of teenagers who missed school due to safety concerns feared bullying.

Victims of bullying may also avoid participating in class for fear of drawing attention to themselves and getting bullied. They may then become labelled as low achievers, putting them at an even higher risk of being targeted by bullies.

Like all forms of bullying, physical bullying can cause emotional change. It makes the victims feel unconfident and think less of themselves. This leads to feelings of shame, isolation, and despair. Moreover, the child may lose interest in playing or activities they previously enjoyed and engage in harmful behaviour, such as self-harm. These actions lead to more negative feelings and thoughts, creating a self-destructive cycle. In victims with existing depression and anxiety, bullying can make these conditions worse. Besides the physical injuries, victims may get from the attacks, they may also develop health issues, such as somatization. Somatization includes physical symptoms caused by psychological or emotional factors. For instance, the child may complain about headaches, body pain, or tiredness.
Câu 16: What is the main idea of this passage?

4.Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Bullying leads to a decrease in academic performance. A study by CDC researchers showed that 12.9% of teenagers who missed school due to safety concerns feared bullying.

Victims of bullying may also avoid participating in class for fear of drawing attention to themselves and getting bullied. They may then become labelled as low achievers, putting them at an even higher risk of being targeted by bullies.

Like all forms of bullying, physical bullying can cause emotional change. It makes the victims feel unconfident and think less of themselves. This leads to feelings of shame, isolation, and despair. Moreover, the child may lose interest in playing or activities they previously enjoyed and engage in harmful behaviour, such as self-harm. These actions lead to more negative feelings and thoughts, creating a self-destructive cycle. In victims with existing depression and anxiety, bullying can make these conditions worse. Besides the physical injuries, victims may get from the attacks, they may also develop health issues, such as somatization. Somatization includes physical symptoms caused by psychological or emotional factors. For instance, the child may complain about headaches, body pain, or tiredness.
Câu 17: The word "they" in paragraph 2 refers to

4.Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Bullying leads to a decrease in academic performance. A study by CDC researchers showed that 12.9% of teenagers who missed school due to safety concerns feared bullying.

Victims of bullying may also avoid participating in class for fear of drawing attention to themselves and getting bullied. They may then become labelled as low achievers, putting them at an even higher risk of being targeted by bullies.

Like all forms of bullying, physical bullying can cause emotional change. It makes the victims feel unconfident and think less of themselves. This leads to feelings of shame, isolation, and despair. Moreover, the child may lose interest in playing or activities they previously enjoyed and engage in harmful behaviour, such as self-harm. These actions lead to more negative feelings and thoughts, creating a self-destructive cycle. In victims with existing depression and anxiety, bullying can make these conditions worse. Besides the physical injuries, victims may get from the attacks, they may also develop health issues, such as somatization. Somatization includes physical symptoms caused by psychological or emotional factors. For instance, the child may complain about headaches, body pain, or tiredness.
Câu 18: The word "despair" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to

4.Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Bullying leads to a decrease in academic performance. A study by CDC researchers showed that 12.9% of teenagers who missed school due to safety concerns feared bullying.

Victims of bullying may also avoid participating in class for fear of drawing attention to themselves and getting bullied. They may then become labelled as low achievers, putting them at an even higher risk of being targeted by bullies.

Like all forms of bullying, physical bullying can cause emotional change. It makes the victims feel unconfident and think less of themselves. This leads to feelings of shame, isolation, and despair. Moreover, the child may lose interest in playing or activities they previously enjoyed and engage in harmful behaviour, such as self-harm. These actions lead to more negative feelings and thoughts, creating a self-destructive cycle. In victims with existing depression and anxiety, bullying can make these conditions worse. Besides the physical injuries, victims may get from the attacks, they may also develop health issues, such as somatization. Somatization includes physical symptoms caused by psychological or emotional factors. For instance, the child may complain about headaches, body pain, or tiredness.
Câu 19: What is somatization as mentioned in the passage?

4.Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Bullying leads to a decrease in academic performance. A study by CDC researchers showed that 12.9% of teenagers who missed school due to safety concerns feared bullying.

Victims of bullying may also avoid participating in class for fear of drawing attention to themselves and getting bullied. They may then become labelled as low achievers, putting them at an even higher risk of being targeted by bullies.

Like all forms of bullying, physical bullying can cause emotional change. It makes the victims feel unconfident and think less of themselves. This leads to feelings of shame, isolation, and despair. Moreover, the child may lose interest in playing or activities they previously enjoyed and engage in harmful behaviour, such as self-harm. These actions lead to more negative feelings and thoughts, creating a self-destructive cycle. In victims with existing depression and anxiety, bullying can make these conditions worse. Besides the physical injuries, victims may get from the attacks, they may also develop health issues, such as somatization. Somatization includes physical symptoms caused by psychological or emotional factors. For instance, the child may complain about headaches, body pain, or tiredness.
Câu 20: Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

5. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Assessing law and policy responses

In the past 15 years, all 50 states and the District of Columbia have adopted or revised anti-bullying laws. While this legislative action is promising, few studies have measured the actual impact of anti-bullying laws and policies.

Law has played a key role in responding to many public health issues, from infectious diseases to road safety. To ensure it does the same for bullying prevention, a process for continually assessing and refining anti-bullying laws and policies is needed, according to the Academies report.

Among other things, the Academies report calls for an annual meeting among policymakers, social scientists and professionals who work with children to review research that assesses the implementation and effect of anti-bullying laws and policies. The aim is to develop better evidence and ensure that research informs decisions Congress and the state legislatures make to address bullying.

 Identifying bullying

Research shows that many schools and teachers continue to have trouble identifying bullying and deal with it successfully.

An essential step to identification of bullying is training for teachers and others who work with children and adolescents. As the Academies report recommends, "evidence-informed bullying prevention training should be provided for individuals, both professionals and volunteers, who work directly with children and adolescents on a regular basis."

The report notes that such training programs must be ongoing and evaluated to ensure that professionals and volunteers who work with youth can effectively identify bullying and intervene appropriately.

Câu 21: Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

5. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Assessing law and policy responses

In the past 15 years, all 50 states and the District of Columbia have adopted or revised anti-bullying laws. While this legislative action is promising, few studies have measured the actual impact of anti-bullying laws and policies.

Law has played a key role in responding to many public health issues, from infectious diseases to road safety. To ensure it does the same for bullying prevention, a process for continually assessing and refining anti-bullying laws and policies is needed, according to the Academies report.

Among other things, the Academies report calls for an annual meeting among policymakers, social scientists and professionals who work with children to review research that assesses the implementation and effect of anti-bullying laws and policies. The aim is to develop better evidence and ensure that research informs decisions Congress and the state legislatures make to address bullying.

 Identifying bullying

Research shows that many schools and teachers continue to have trouble identifying bullying and deal with it successfully.

An essential step to identification of bullying is training for teachers and others who work with children and adolescents. As the Academies report recommends, "evidence-informed bullying prevention training should be provided for individuals, both professionals and volunteers, who work directly with children and adolescents on a regular basis."

The report notes that such training programs must be ongoing and evaluated to ensure that professionals and volunteers who work with youth can effectively identify bullying and intervene appropriately.

 Câu 22: The word "it" in paragraph 2 refers to

5. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Assessing law and policy responses

In the past 15 years, all 50 states and the District of Columbia have adopted or revised anti-bullying laws. While this legislative action is promising, few studies have measured the actual impact of anti-bullying laws and policies.

Law has played a key role in responding to many public health issues, from infectious diseases to road safety. To ensure it does the same for bullying prevention, a process for continually assessing and refining anti-bullying laws and policies is needed, according to the Academies report.

Among other things, the Academies report calls for an annual meeting among policymakers, social scientists and professionals who work with children to review research that assesses the implementation and effect of anti-bullying laws and policies. The aim is to develop better evidence and ensure that research informs decisions Congress and the state legislatures make to address bullying.

 Identifying bullying

Research shows that many schools and teachers continue to have trouble identifying bullying and deal with it successfully.

An essential step to identification of bullying is training for teachers and others who work with children and adolescents. As the Academies report recommends, "evidence-informed bullying prevention training should be provided for individuals, both professionals and volunteers, who work directly with children and adolescents on a regular basis."

The report notes that such training programs must be ongoing and evaluated to ensure that professionals and volunteers who work with youth can effectively identify bullying and intervene appropriately.

Câu 23: What does the Academies report suggest regarding the assessment of anti-bullying laws and policies?

5. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Assessing law and policy responses

In the past 15 years, all 50 states and the District of Columbia have adopted or revised anti-bullying laws. While this legislative action is promising, few studies have measured the actual impact of anti-bullying laws and policies.

Law has played a key role in responding to many public health issues, from infectious diseases to road safety. To ensure it does the same for bullying prevention, a process for continually assessing and refining anti-bullying laws and policies is needed, according to the Academies report.

Among other things, the Academies report calls for an annual meeting among policymakers, social scientists and professionals who work with children to review research that assesses the implementation and effect of anti-bullying laws and policies. The aim is to develop better evidence and ensure that research informs decisions Congress and the state legislatures make to address bullying.

 Identifying bullying

Research shows that many schools and teachers continue to have trouble identifying bullying and deal with it successfully.

An essential step to identification of bullying is training for teachers and others who work with children and adolescents. As the Academies report recommends, "evidence-informed bullying prevention training should be provided for individuals, both professionals and volunteers, who work directly with children and adolescents on a regular basis."

The report notes that such training programs must be ongoing and evaluated to ensure that professionals and volunteers who work with youth can effectively identify bullying and intervene appropriately.

Câu 24: The word "implementation" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to

5. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Assessing law and policy responses

In the past 15 years, all 50 states and the District of Columbia have adopted or revised anti-bullying laws. While this legislative action is promising, few studies have measured the actual impact of anti-bullying laws and policies.

Law has played a key role in responding to many public health issues, from infectious diseases to road safety. To ensure it does the same for bullying prevention, a process for continually assessing and refining anti-bullying laws and policies is needed, according to the Academies report.

Among other things, the Academies report calls for an annual meeting among policymakers, social scientists and professionals who work with children to review research that assesses the implementation and effect of anti-bullying laws and policies. The aim is to develop better evidence and ensure that research informs decisions Congress and the state legislatures make to address bullying.

 Identifying bullying

Research shows that many schools and teachers continue to have trouble identifying bullying and deal with it successfully.

An essential step to identification of bullying is training for teachers and others who work with children and adolescents. As the Academies report recommends, "evidence-informed bullying prevention training should be provided for individuals, both professionals and volunteers, who work directly with children and adolescents on a regular basis."

The report notes that such training programs must be ongoing and evaluated to ensure that professionals and volunteers who work with youth can effectively identify bullying and intervene appropriately.

Câu 25: According to the report, what is essential for the identification of bullying?

Câu 1. My mother admitted not having pay much attention to our schooling.

  A                                                      B       C                      D

Câu 2. Having studied the available courses, Lan decided registering for the cooking course.

                            A         B                                                       C            D

Câu 3. My brother regretted have made a wrong choice in his higher education

             A                                      B                                     C         D

Câu 4. It was Tuan that knows how to get around by himself using public transport.

                 A              B                         C                       D

Câu 5. Having pass all the exams with high grades, Long was satisfied.

                            A        B                         C                                      D

Câu 6:  Lan is looking forward to return to her country after finishing four – year university in America.

                            A                         B                                             C                D

Câu 7:  They congratulated him on get the first prize in the writing competition about ASEAN.

                            A                             B                                      C                              D

Câu 8:  Mary gets used to drive on the left although she has just moved to London.                          

                                  A        B                         C                                        D

Câu 9:  One of his hobbies is collect stamps.

                   A              B       C     D

Câu 10:  We are used to live next door to each other at one time.

                            A        B                       C                         D